LTE-A协作多点传输中的多用户协作技术的研究
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摘要
LTE-A沿用LTE的先进物理层技术,使用SC-FDMA和OFDMA作为上下行多址接入方式,通过正交子载波区分小区内的不同用户,可有效解决小区内干扰,但同频组网所产生的小区间干扰仍未消除,成为影响系统性能的关键因素。为解决小区间干扰问题,达到4G性能指标,3GPP提出了协作多点传输与接收(Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission/Reception,CoMP)技术,通过多个小区间的协作调度或联合传输可有效降低小区间的干扰,提高边缘用户吞吐量乃至小区平均吞吐量,扩大小区高速数据传输覆盖范围,保证边缘用户的服务质量。
本论文主要研究CoMP联合处理中的多用户协作(Multi-User CoMP, MU-CoMP)技术,主要工作内容包括如下几个方面。一是CoMP关键技术的调研和分析。通过大量查阅相关的3GPP标准、提案和论文,总结了CoMP的基本原理、可行的网络架构、传输模式、分簇技术、反馈机制等,指出其中的一些关键问题和解决方案。二是MU-CoMP关键技术的研究。在分析MU-CoMP协作簇选择、预编码设计、下行多用户配对方法和资源调度算法等技术的基础上,主要提出一种半静态协作簇轮转选择方案,使小区所有边缘用户都得到较为公平的协作机会,并且小区的全频率资源都可用于协作；还提出一种MU-CoMP下的资源打分调度算法,根据用户使用资源块的效果对资源打分,每个资源块再根据用户的打分进行分配,能实现较好的调度性能。三是MU-CoMP性能的仿真验证和分析。在LTE系统级仿真平台上设计和实现MU-CoMP仿真模块,用于理想信道估计下的MU-CoMP传输,对三小区MU-CoMP在静态协作簇和本文提出的半静态协作簇下采用不同用户配对方式和调度算法的性能进行仿真评估,结果证明了本文所提方案的有效性。
Since the advanced physical layer technology of LTE is still applied in LTE-A, SC-FDMA and OFDMA are used as uplink and downlink multiple access methods. Different Users in one cell can be separated by orthogonal subcarriers so that intra-cell interference can be diminished. But inter-cell interference which is caused by all cells using the same frequency band still exists, and it becomes the key factor that affects system performance. In order to mitigate inter-cell interference and meet the performance standards of4G,3GPP proposed the Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission/Reception technology. Through coordinated scheduling or joint transmission among multiple cells, it can effectively mitigate inter-cell interference, improve edge users'throughput and even cell average throughput, expand high data rate coverage and provide better QoS for edge users.
This paper mainly studies the Multi-User CoMP in CoMP Joint Processing technology. The author's work mainly includes the following aspects. The first is the research of some CoMP key technologies. Through reading a lot of relevant3GPP standards, proposals and theses, the author summarizes the basic principles of CoMP, feasible network architectures, transmission modes, clustering schemes and feedback mechanisms. Some key issues and solutions in these fields are discussed. The second is the research of some MU-CoMP key technologies includes cluster selection, precoding design, downlink user matching methods and resource scheduling algorithms. This paper mainly proposed a semi-static rotated cluster selection strategy for MU-CoMP. All cell edge users can get more equitable opportunities to benefit from CoMP and all frequency resources are available for MU-CoMP. This paper also introduces a score-based resource scheduling algorithm in MU-CoMP. Each user scores for every resource blocks in the system based on the effect of using them, and the resource blocks are allocated according to the scores that different users can get. This method can get better scheduling performance. The third is MU-CoMP performance simulation and evaluation. MU-CoMP function modules are designed and implemented on a LTE system simulation platform for ideal channel estimation MU-CoMP simulation.3-cells MU-CoMP in static cluster and the proposed semi-static cluster under different user matching methods and scheduling algorithms are evaluated. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes can get better performance.
本论文主要研究CoMP联合处理中的多用户协作(Multi-User CoMP, MU-CoMP)技术,主要工作内容包括如下几个方面。一是CoMP关键技术的调研和分析。通过大量查阅相关的3GPP标准、提案和论文,总结了CoMP的基本原理、可行的网络架构、传输模式、分簇技术、反馈机制等,指出其中的一些关键问题和解决方案。二是MU-CoMP关键技术的研究。在分析MU-CoMP协作簇选择、预编码设计、下行多用户配对方法和资源调度算法等技术的基础上,主要提出一种半静态协作簇轮转选择方案,使小区所有边缘用户都得到较为公平的协作机会,并且小区的全频率资源都可用于协作；还提出一种MU-CoMP下的资源打分调度算法,根据用户使用资源块的效果对资源打分,每个资源块再根据用户的打分进行分配,能实现较好的调度性能。三是MU-CoMP性能的仿真验证和分析。在LTE系统级仿真平台上设计和实现MU-CoMP仿真模块,用于理想信道估计下的MU-CoMP传输,对三小区MU-CoMP在静态协作簇和本文提出的半静态协作簇下采用不同用户配对方式和调度算法的性能进行仿真评估,结果证明了本文所提方案的有效性。
Since the advanced physical layer technology of LTE is still applied in LTE-A, SC-FDMA and OFDMA are used as uplink and downlink multiple access methods. Different Users in one cell can be separated by orthogonal subcarriers so that intra-cell interference can be diminished. But inter-cell interference which is caused by all cells using the same frequency band still exists, and it becomes the key factor that affects system performance. In order to mitigate inter-cell interference and meet the performance standards of4G,3GPP proposed the Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission/Reception technology. Through coordinated scheduling or joint transmission among multiple cells, it can effectively mitigate inter-cell interference, improve edge users'throughput and even cell average throughput, expand high data rate coverage and provide better QoS for edge users.
This paper mainly studies the Multi-User CoMP in CoMP Joint Processing technology. The author's work mainly includes the following aspects. The first is the research of some CoMP key technologies. Through reading a lot of relevant3GPP standards, proposals and theses, the author summarizes the basic principles of CoMP, feasible network architectures, transmission modes, clustering schemes and feedback mechanisms. Some key issues and solutions in these fields are discussed. The second is the research of some MU-CoMP key technologies includes cluster selection, precoding design, downlink user matching methods and resource scheduling algorithms. This paper mainly proposed a semi-static rotated cluster selection strategy for MU-CoMP. All cell edge users can get more equitable opportunities to benefit from CoMP and all frequency resources are available for MU-CoMP. This paper also introduces a score-based resource scheduling algorithm in MU-CoMP. Each user scores for every resource blocks in the system based on the effect of using them, and the resource blocks are allocated according to the scores that different users can get. This method can get better scheduling performance. The third is MU-CoMP performance simulation and evaluation. MU-CoMP function modules are designed and implemented on a LTE system simulation platform for ideal channel estimation MU-CoMP simulation.3-cells MU-CoMP in static cluster and the proposed semi-static cluster under different user matching methods and scheduling algorithms are evaluated. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes can get better performance.
引文
[1]王映明,孙韶辉,王可等TD-LTE技术原理与系统设计[M].第1版.北京：人民邮电出版社,2010：1-3.
[2]林崇圣LTE-Advanced系统协作多点技术的研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2011.
[3]徐凯LTE-Advanced系统中小区间干扰协调技术的研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2011.
[4]陈莉.下一代移动通信中MIMO-OFDM技术的研究[J].移动通信,2005(12).
[5]Liu J., Chang Y.Y., Pan Q. A Novel Transmission Scheme and Scheduling Algorithm for CoMP-SU-MIMO in LTE-A System[C]. VTC2010-Fall, IEEE,2010.
[6]王志杰LTE-Advanced系统下行MU-MIMO增强技术的研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[7]周国庆LTE-A协作多点传输系统中下行链路预编码和用户调度技术研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2011.
[8]许晓东,陈鑫,李静雅.协作多点通信系统中的切换机制[J].中兴通讯技术,2010(1).
[9]Ericsson. LTE-Advanced Coordinated Multipoint transmission/reception[R]. Warsaw, Poland:3GPP, June 30-July 4,2008.
[10]骆纯LTE-Advanced CoMP中联合处理技术及系统性能研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2010.
[11]吕潇潇LTE-A下行CoMP有限反馈方案设计[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2011.
[12]Panasonic. Discussion on the Relationship between CoMP Sets[R]. San Francisco, USA:3GPP, May 4-8,2009.
[13]3GPP. Further Advancements for E-UTRA Physical Layer Aspects[R]. Sophia Antipolis, France:3GPP,2010.
[14]3GPP. Coordinated Multi-Point Operation for LTE Physical Layer Aspects[R]. Sophia Antipolis, France:3GPP,2011.
[15]刘思杨LTE-Advanced系统中的协作多点传输技术[J].电信网技术,2009(9).
[16]刘邦辉LTE-Advanced协作多点传输系统中下行用户调度算法研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2011.
[17]沈嘉,索士强,全海洋等.3GPP长期演进(LTE)技术原理与系统设计[M].第1版.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[18]贾海燕.基于系统级仿真的LTE-A协作多点传输技术研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2010.
[19]厉东明.预编码技术在协作多点通信中的应用研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2011.
[20]Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker. LTE-The UMTS Long Term Evolution Form Theory to Practice[M]马霓,邬钢,张晓博等译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[21]CMCC. Application of BBU+RRU based CoMP system to LTE-Advanced[R]. Prague, Czech Republic:3GPP, November 10-14,2008.
[22]孙慧霞.协作通信系统网络演进与干扰分析[J].中兴通讯技术.2010,16(1)：14-17.
[23]Jungnickel V, Thiele L, Wirth T. Coordinated Multipoint Trials in the Downlink[C]. Globecom Workshops, IEEE,2009.
[24]Brueck S., Zhao L., Giese J. Centralized Scheduling for Joint Transmission Coordinated Multi-Point in LTE-Advanced[C]. WSA,2010 International ITG Workshop, 2010:177-184.
[25]Liao B.S., Wu W.R., Hsieh H.T. Intra-Site CoMP in LTE-A Systems:an Antenna-Selection-Based Solution[C], WCNC, IEEE,2012:832-836.
[26]Sawahashi M., Kishiyama Y., Morimoto A. Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception in LTE-Advanced Systems[C]. Wireless Communications, IEEE,2010(17):26-34.
[27]Potevio. Further discussion of frequency plan scheme on CoMP-SU-MIMO[R]. Seoul, Korea:3GPP, March 23-27,2009.
[28]Huang F., Wang Y.F., Geng J. Clustering Approach in Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission/Reception System[C]. VTC 2010-Fall, IEEE,2010:1-5.
[29]Marsch P., Fettweis G. Static Clustering for Cooperative Multi-Point(CoMP) in Mobile Communications[C]. ICC, IEEE,2011:1-6.
[30]Wang X.Y., Kou M.Y., Qi X. Downlink System Performance of Cooperative Multiple Points Transmission with Realistic RRM Structure[C]. International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation,2010:467-470.
[31]聂永萍CoMP-MU-MMO上行用户配对方案性能比较[J].数字通信,2009(6).
[32]王志杰LTE-Advanced系统下行MU-MIMO增强技术的研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[33]薛永旭OFDMA系统中具有QoS保证的下行链路资源分配算法研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[34]Bonald T. A Score-Based Opportunistic Scheduler for Fading Radio Channels[J]. Proceedings of European Wireless Conference,2004:283-292.
[35]王春艳.LTE下行链路仿真设计实现与MIMO关键技术分析[D].西安：西安科技大学,2010.
[36]杨辉LTE-Advanced下行链路级仿真实现以及若干技术研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[37]魏宁,李少谦,岳钢LTE-A中协同多点传输的联合处理预编码方法[J].中兴通讯技术.2010,16(1)：37-43.
[38]刘传梅MIMO-OFDM系统中的预编码研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2009.
[39]Ikuno J.C., Wrulich M., Rupp M. System level simulation of LTE networks. VTC2010-Spring, IEEE,2010:1-5.
[40]汪海明,艾萨·图玛拉.多载波通信系统仿真中的EESM和MI-ESM方法[J].电讯技术.2006(1)：26-30.
[2]林崇圣LTE-Advanced系统协作多点技术的研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2011.
[3]徐凯LTE-Advanced系统中小区间干扰协调技术的研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2011.
[4]陈莉.下一代移动通信中MIMO-OFDM技术的研究[J].移动通信,2005(12).
[5]Liu J., Chang Y.Y., Pan Q. A Novel Transmission Scheme and Scheduling Algorithm for CoMP-SU-MIMO in LTE-A System[C]. VTC2010-Fall, IEEE,2010.
[6]王志杰LTE-Advanced系统下行MU-MIMO增强技术的研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[7]周国庆LTE-A协作多点传输系统中下行链路预编码和用户调度技术研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2011.
[8]许晓东,陈鑫,李静雅.协作多点通信系统中的切换机制[J].中兴通讯技术,2010(1).
[9]Ericsson. LTE-Advanced Coordinated Multipoint transmission/reception[R]. Warsaw, Poland:3GPP, June 30-July 4,2008.
[10]骆纯LTE-Advanced CoMP中联合处理技术及系统性能研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2010.
[11]吕潇潇LTE-A下行CoMP有限反馈方案设计[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2011.
[12]Panasonic. Discussion on the Relationship between CoMP Sets[R]. San Francisco, USA:3GPP, May 4-8,2009.
[13]3GPP. Further Advancements for E-UTRA Physical Layer Aspects[R]. Sophia Antipolis, France:3GPP,2010.
[14]3GPP. Coordinated Multi-Point Operation for LTE Physical Layer Aspects[R]. Sophia Antipolis, France:3GPP,2011.
[15]刘思杨LTE-Advanced系统中的协作多点传输技术[J].电信网技术,2009(9).
[16]刘邦辉LTE-Advanced协作多点传输系统中下行用户调度算法研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2011.
[17]沈嘉,索士强,全海洋等.3GPP长期演进(LTE)技术原理与系统设计[M].第1版.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[18]贾海燕.基于系统级仿真的LTE-A协作多点传输技术研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2010.
[19]厉东明.预编码技术在协作多点通信中的应用研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2011.
[20]Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker. LTE-The UMTS Long Term Evolution Form Theory to Practice[M]马霓,邬钢,张晓博等译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[21]CMCC. Application of BBU+RRU based CoMP system to LTE-Advanced[R]. Prague, Czech Republic:3GPP, November 10-14,2008.
[22]孙慧霞.协作通信系统网络演进与干扰分析[J].中兴通讯技术.2010,16(1)：14-17.
[23]Jungnickel V, Thiele L, Wirth T. Coordinated Multipoint Trials in the Downlink[C]. Globecom Workshops, IEEE,2009.
[24]Brueck S., Zhao L., Giese J. Centralized Scheduling for Joint Transmission Coordinated Multi-Point in LTE-Advanced[C]. WSA,2010 International ITG Workshop, 2010:177-184.
[25]Liao B.S., Wu W.R., Hsieh H.T. Intra-Site CoMP in LTE-A Systems:an Antenna-Selection-Based Solution[C], WCNC, IEEE,2012:832-836.
[26]Sawahashi M., Kishiyama Y., Morimoto A. Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception in LTE-Advanced Systems[C]. Wireless Communications, IEEE,2010(17):26-34.
[27]Potevio. Further discussion of frequency plan scheme on CoMP-SU-MIMO[R]. Seoul, Korea:3GPP, March 23-27,2009.
[28]Huang F., Wang Y.F., Geng J. Clustering Approach in Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission/Reception System[C]. VTC 2010-Fall, IEEE,2010:1-5.
[29]Marsch P., Fettweis G. Static Clustering for Cooperative Multi-Point(CoMP) in Mobile Communications[C]. ICC, IEEE,2011:1-6.
[30]Wang X.Y., Kou M.Y., Qi X. Downlink System Performance of Cooperative Multiple Points Transmission with Realistic RRM Structure[C]. International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation,2010:467-470.
[31]聂永萍CoMP-MU-MMO上行用户配对方案性能比较[J].数字通信,2009(6).
[32]王志杰LTE-Advanced系统下行MU-MIMO增强技术的研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[33]薛永旭OFDMA系统中具有QoS保证的下行链路资源分配算法研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[34]Bonald T. A Score-Based Opportunistic Scheduler for Fading Radio Channels[J]. Proceedings of European Wireless Conference,2004:283-292.
[35]王春艳.LTE下行链路仿真设计实现与MIMO关键技术分析[D].西安：西安科技大学,2010.
[36]杨辉LTE-Advanced下行链路级仿真实现以及若干技术研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[37]魏宁,李少谦,岳钢LTE-A中协同多点传输的联合处理预编码方法[J].中兴通讯技术.2010,16(1)：37-43.
[38]刘传梅MIMO-OFDM系统中的预编码研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2009.
[39]Ikuno J.C., Wrulich M., Rupp M. System level simulation of LTE networks. VTC2010-Spring, IEEE,2010:1-5.
[40]汪海明,艾萨·图玛拉.多载波通信系统仿真中的EESM和MI-ESM方法[J].电讯技术.2006(1)：26-30.