摘要
矿产资源特别是有色金属资源的供给是我国可持续发展的保证,随着中东部发达地区资源勘探程度的提高,中东部可供开采资源日益枯竭,伴随国家西部大开发战略的实施,寻找西部、深部矿产资源已成为重要研究课题。我国西部特殊地貌景观区海拔高、地形复杂、交通不便、气候干燥、接地困难、早晚温差大的特点,给资源勘探技术以及仪器设备提出了更高的的要求。论文从国民经济发展对矿产资源需求出发,在系统地分析、总结、研究激发极化法特别是双频激电理论的基础上,从基本理论、观测技术、野外工作、仪器开发以及数据处理与解释等方面提出了一套适合西部特殊地貌景观资源勘探特点的高效双频激电方法技术体系,并在西部地区应用中取得了很好的效果。论文的主要内容如下:
(1) 作为理论基础,系统阐述了西部特殊地貌景观区的特点,并针对该区域资源勘探的特点,对激发极化法特别是双频激电理论进行了系统的总结和研究,并对双频电流变化对视幅频率的影响、双频激电的异常特征进行详细的研究,进而论证了双频激电观测方法的高精度、抗干扰能力强、电流影响小、观测装置轻便灵活、稳定性和一致性好、电磁耦合效应弱以及非线性等特点。也对伪随机多频观测区分矿与非矿异常进行了研究。
(2) 西部特殊地貌景观区双频激电法应用研究。针对西部特殊地貌景观区高寒、早晚温差大、地形起伏严重、接地条件差、交通不便等特点,选择了祁连山地区、广西岩溶峰林地区作为实验区开展了
The supply of the mineral resources especially nonferrous metals resources is the assurance of the sustainable development of our country, with the improvement of prospecting in the Middle Eastern developed area resource, the resources suitable for exploration are exhausted day by day, and accompanied by the implementation of China West Regions Development Strategy, the mineral resources exploration in the deep underground and the west China becomes the important subject for research. The characteristics of high sea level, complicated topography, traffic inconvenient, dry climate, difficult earthing condition, and great temperature difference in morning and evening in west China give more higher requirement for the resource exploration technology and instruments. The thesis sets out to the resource requirement of mineral products from national economic development, on the basis of systematically analyzing, summarizing, studying of the induced polarization method especially dual-frequency IP theory, and based on the basic theories, observing technology, field work, instrument development and data processing and explanation etc, a high-efficient technology system which is suitable for resource exploration in West special physiognomy has been put forward, and some very good results have been made in the western region . The main content of the thesis is as follows:
(1) As the theoretical foundation, the thesis has explained the characteristic of the special physiognomy in the west in system, and taken systematic summary and study to the induced polarization method especially the dual-frequency IP theory, and taken detailed research on the effect of the current change of the dual-frequency IP to the apparent amplitude-frequency ratio and the anomaly characteristic of the dual-frequency IP. And then has proved the characteristics of high precision, strong anti-interference ability, low current influence, portable observing instrument, good stability and consistency , weak electromagnetic coupling effect and non-linear, and has carried out the research on distinguishing the ore and non-ore anomaly through the .pseudo-random multi-frequency IP method.
引文
[1] 国土资源部 西部能解我国金属矿产资源危机吗 2005年11月17日 中国黄金报
[2] 何继善.电法勘探的发展和展望[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(7):308~316
[3] 李金铭.电法勘探方法发展概况[J].物探与化探,1996,20(4):250~258
[4] 年宗元.我国勘查地球物理的若干进展[J].物探与化探[J],1996,20(6):401~418
[5] 刘士毅,张明华.中国金属矿地球物理勘查[J].地学前缘,1998,5(1~2):201~207.
[6] M C.日丹诺夫,潘玉玲,王守坦译.电法勘探[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990.397~405
[7] 傅良魁.激发极化法[M].北京:地质出版社,1982
[8] 何继善.双频激电法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005
[9] 刘崧.谱激电法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998
[10] 刘崧,徐建华.用复电阻率法探测油气藏的研究[J].地球科学,1997,22:627~632
[11] Song, Liu and Vozoff, K., The complex resistivity spectra of models consisting of two polarizable media of different intrinsic properties[J]. Geophys. Prosp., 1985, 33: 1029~1062
[12] Arai. Development of the IP tomography system and field testing in the Seta area, Japan[A]. 67th Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1997, 1961~1964
[13] W. Frangos. Stable-oscillator phase IP systems[A], in Ward, S. H., Ed., Induced polarization[C]: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1990, 79~90
[14] Seigel, Harold O., The magnetic induced polarization (MIP) method[J]. Geophysics, 1974, 39:321~339
[15] B A.柯马罗夫,阎立光,等译.激发极化法电法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1983
[16] 王兴泰,万明浩,等.工程与环境物探新方法新技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1996
[17] 罗延钟,张桂青.频率域激电法原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1988
[18] 何继善.双频激电法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005
[19] Soininen, Heikki T. and Vanhala, Heikki, Spectral induced polarization method in mapping soils polluted by organic chemicals, 54th Mtg.: European Association of Geophysical Exploration, 1992, 366~367
[20] Vanhala, Heikki. Mapping oil-contaminated sand and till with the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method[J]. Geophys. Prosp., 1997, 45: 303~326
[21] Vanhalla, Heikki and Soininen, Heikki, Spectral-induced polarization method at the Keivitsa Ni-Cu deposit, northern Finland, 64th Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1994, 516~519
[22] Vanhala, M., Peltoniemi. Spectral IP studies of Finnish ore prospects[J]. Geophysics, 1992, 57:1545~1555
[23] P. H., Nelson. Induced-polarization effects from grounded structures[J]. Geophysics, 1977,42(6): 1241~1253
[24] Guiqing, Zhang and Yanzhong, Luo, The application of IP and resistivity methods to detect underground metal pipes and cables, in Ward, Stanley H., Ed., Geotechnical and environmental geophysics, 03: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1990, 239~248
[25] P. G. Hallof, M.,Yamashita. The use of the IP method to locate gold-bearing sulfide mineralization, in Ward, S. H., Ed., Induced polarization: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1990, 227~279
[26] 席振铢,张友山,张宪润.运用对称四极测深研究层状极化介质频谱特征[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2003(1)
[27] D.,Guptasarma. True and apparent spectra of buried polarizable targets[J]. Geophysics, 1984, 49:171~176
[28] M. P. Peltoniemi, H. T., Vanhala. Spectral IP in frequency and time domain - A comparative study of six ore prospects in Finland, 62nd Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1992, 416~419
[29] Ryjov, Albert A., Efficiency of IP method at the search of petroleum deposits, 58th Mtg.: Eur. Assn. Geosci. Eng., 1996, Session:P078
[30] H. O., Seigel, H. Vanhala, S. N., Sheard. Some case histories of source discrimination using time-domain spectral IP[J]. Geophysics, 1997, 62:1394~1408
[31] L D. Slater, S K Sandberg. Resistivity and induced polarization monitoring of salt transport under natural hydraulic gradients[J]. Geophysics, 2000, 65:408~420
[32] Slater, Lee D. and Sandberg, Stewart K., Resistivity and induced polarization monitoring of salt transport under natural hydraulic gradients[J]. Geophysics, 2000, 65: 408~420
[33] 张宪润,陈儒军.激电相对相位法区分矿与非矿异常的成功实例[J].物探与化探,1998,22(4):251~254
[34] 何继善,鲍光淑、张友山著.双频道激电法研究[M].长沙:湖南科学术出版社,1989
[35] 何继善,鲍光淑,张友山著.双频道数字激电仪[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1988
[36] 白宜诚,崔燕丽,蒲慧如.SQ型双频激电仪的研制[J].物探与化探,2002,26(6):456~460
[37] 何继善,柳建新.伪随机多频相位法及其应用简介[J].中国有色金属学报,2002,12(2):374~376
[38] He, Jishan, Frequency domain electrical methods employing special waveform field sources, 67th Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1997, 338~341
[39] 何继善.2n系列伪随机信号及应用[A].中国地球物理学会.中国地球物理年会年刊(1998)[C],西安:西安地图出版社,1998
[40] 何继善.伪随机三频电法研究[J].中国有色金属学报,1994,4(1):1~7
[41] 柳建新,何继善.一种区分矿与非矿的有效方法-伪随机多频相位法原理及其应用[J].中国地质,2001,28(9):41~46
[42] 张友山,何继善.三频激电相对相位观测法[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1994,25(4):417~421
[43] 张友山,何继善.伪随机三频波激电法[J].中南大学学报,1995,26(2):157~161
[44] 付国红,何继善,陈一平,等.检测双频激电仪性能的一种简易RC网络[J].物探与化探,2004(5)
[45] 陈儒军,何继善,白宜诚,等.双频激电仪的建模与仿真分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2003(4)
[46] 陈儒军,何继善,白宜诚,等.多频激电相对相位谱研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004(1)
[47] 张宪润,周文斌,夏训银.多频激电相对相位的物理模拟[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001(2)
[48] 夏训银.多频激电相对相位法数值模拟和物理模拟研究[D].长沙:中南大 学,2000
[49] 柳建新,刘春明,佟铁钢,等.双频激电法在西藏某铜多金属矿带的应用[J].地质与勘探,2004(2)
[50] 柳建新,何继善,张宗岭,等.双频激电法及其在示范区的应用[J].中国地质,2001(3)
[51] 白宜诚,佟铁钢,罗维斌,等.双频道激电法在我国西部特殊地貌景观条件下的应用[J].矿产与地质,2005(1)
[52] 白宜诚,左恒,罗维斌.双频激电在普查找矿工作中应注意的几个技术问题[J].矿产与地质,2003(S1)
[53] 陈天平.数据插值和共轭函数[J].数学年刊,1994(4):493~498
[54] 李贵顺,金成志,张晓东.地震空白区的综合地球物理镶嵌技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1995,3,14(3):67~71
[55] 钟尔杰.散乱数据插值的迭代算法[J].电子科技大学学报[J].2001,2,30(1):91~94
[56] 王国夫,孙尧等.基于节点插入原理的大规模散乱数据插值[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2001,2,22(1):45~48
[57] 陈桂明,张明照,等.应用MATLAB语言处理数字信号与数字图象[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[58] 胡广书.数字信号处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[59] 王刚,高新波,姬红兵.三维重建中形状插值的快速算法研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学报,2003,8,15:1012~1015
[60] 王瑞华.水利工程数据插值计算及图形处理[J].农田水利与小水电,1994(8):25~30
[61] 奚家鉴,石松连.微机在物探化探工作中的开发与应用专辑[M],勘查地球物理勘查地球化学文集,第16集.北京:地质出版社,1993.8
[62] 唐月红,沈庆云,许有信.三元二次样条函数及其计算[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1996,10,28(5):614~620
[63] 李建康,张德会,龚庆杰.三角剖分自动生成的两种算法[J].地学前沿,2003,3,10(1)
[64] 柳建新,严家斌,张胜业,等.多功能海底大地电磁数据处理软件包[J].物探化探计算技术,2002(3)
[65] 冯德山,戴前伟.用Visual C++开发地质雷达正演模拟软件[J].物探化探计算技术,2004(3)
[66] 夏训银,张宪润,张碧星.均匀半空间三维体的三频激电相对相位法积分方程模拟[J].桂林工学院学报,2004(4)
[67] M. H. Hayes. Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996
[68] G. W., Hohmann. Three-dimensional IP models, in Ward, S. H., Ed., Induced polarization: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1990, 150~178
[69] 罗延钟,谭义东.高密度电阻率法新观测方案及其数据处理和成图软件系统[J].物探化探计算技术,1996,18(2):134~140
[70] 应怀樵.波形和频谱分析与随机数据处理[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983
[71] LaBrecque, D. J., Miletto, M., Daily, W., Ramirez, A. and Owen, E., The effects of noise on Occam's inversion of resistivity tomography data[J]. Geophysics, 1996, 61: 538~548
[72] R. J. G. Lewis, J. R., Bishop. Target discrimination with time-domain spectral IP inversion, 57th Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1987, Session: MIN1.6
[73] M. H. Loke, R. D. Barker. (1994) Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudo-sections, Extended Abstracts of Papers 56th EAEG Meeting Vienna, Austria 6~10 June 1994, I002
[74] W. H., Meyer. Electromagnetic inversion of spectral IP data, in Ward, S. H., Ed., Induced polarization: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1990, 104~127
[75] E., Hanneson. A model for interpreting IP/resistivity data from areas of steep dip and thin overburden, in Ward, S. H., Ed., Induced polarization: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1990, 128~149
[76] Hasegawa, Nobusuke, Shima, Hiromasa and Sakurai, Ken, An application of two-dimensional IP image profiling to characterization of an active fault, 66th Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. OfExpl. Geophys., 1996, 928~931
[77] 白宜诚,崔燕丽,浦慧如.SQ型双频道激电仪的研制[J].物探与化探,2002(6)
[78] 张友山,柳建新.跟踪斩波抗耦研究[J].地学仪器,1995,(2):11~16
[79] 戴前伟,冯德山,汤井田,等.物探仪器中的GPS集成[J].物探与化探,2003(1)
[80] 张友山,王鹤,王文.精密相干检测法研究[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2003(1)
[81] P. G. Hallof. The IP phase measurement and inductive coupling[J]. Geophysics, 1974, 39(5): 650~665
[82] M., Johnson. Spectral IP parameters derived from time-domain measurements, in Ward, S. H., Ed., Induced polarization: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1990, 57~78
[83] Johnson, Ian M., Spectral IP parameters determined through time-domain measurements, 53rd Ann. Internat. Mtg: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1983, Session:M1.4
[84] 鲍光淑,何继善.多参数频域激电观测系统的研究[J].地学仪器,1995,(2):5~10
[85] 常欣,邓 明,等.DDJ-1型多功能激电仪[J].地学仪器,1994,(3):18~20
[86] 曹岩,曹印三,等.DD-1型大功率电磁频测仪[J].地学仪器,1995,(2):26~28
[87] 陈鸿志.DW-1型大功率直流电测仪——找水专用新仪器[J].地学仪器,1997,(3):8~12
[88] 冯永江,付志红.DJD6-1型多道激电仪[J].地学仪器,1994,(3):33~36
[89] 谢捷生.JJ-6型微机激电仪[J].地学仪器,1994,(2):17~21
[90] 瞿德福,张云尔.概述我国激电仪行业标准和国外仪器水平[J].国外地质勘探技术,1996,(6):12~22
[91] 慕文斋,刘静,等.相位激电法中相角ΨS测量方法纵横谈[J].地学仪器,1996,(3):13~19
[92] H. O., Seigel, R. Ehrat, I., Brcic. A microprocessor based multicharmel time-domain IP receiver, in Ward, S. H., Ed., Induced polarization: Soc. Of Expl. Geophys., 1990, 91~103
[93] 马明建,周长城.数据采集与处理技术[M],西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998
[94] 谢捷生.我国时间域激电仪的发展过程及现状[J].地学仪器,1996,(1):7~10
[95] 张友山,何继善.DF-1微机程控多功能大功率发送机的研制[J].物探与化探,1995,19(2):142~147