提高地震储层预测与建模精度的方法与应用研究
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摘要
在油气田的油藏评价和开发阶段,储层研究以储层建模为目标,而储层建模目前面临着提高井间储层预测精度的难题。在测井资料稀少时,主要依靠地震资料,而地震资料的垂向直接分辨率低、多解性强,影响了井间储层预测的精度。为了进一步提高井间储层预测与建模精度,本论文分别从叠前和叠后地震资料入手,从理论探索、新方法攻关及技术应用三个层面开展研究工作。
为了提高地震资料的利用精度,本论文首先选择目前较为先进的双相介质AVO理论,探索性地研究了双相介质AVO储层预测方法,包括原理方法、编程实现、数学模型验证,特别是将复杂的理论推进到实际应用。在SN31井区实际叠前地震资料的基础上,实现了过井测线纵波速度和孔隙度储层参数的二维反演,取得了较好的效果。
对于叠后地震资料,采用简化后的双相介质理论,即等效介质条件下的反射系数表达式,较为深入地研究了地震波形结构判识储层预测方法。开展了波形结构判识的原理方法研究、地震响应模型库建立方法研究;提出了储层厚度谱的新概念,建立了储层厚度谱;研究了储层厚度谱的自动解释方法,并将储层厚度谱的自动解释方法从井点推广到三维地震数据体中,将三维地震数据体直接转换为储层砂体三维分布数据体,为储层砂体的三维分布预测增添了新方法。
为了充分挖掘现有波阻抗反演技术的潜力,开展了地震资料优选和采样率对反演精度影响的定量分析、提高井震标定精度研究及提高初始波阻抗模型建立精度研究,并对测井地震联合反演提高地震分辨率的实质进行了探讨,有效提高了现有技术的反演精度。
本论文选择了准噶尔盆地腹部SN31井区作为试验研究工区,开展了储层预测与建模的研究工作,将论文研究形成的方法和技术用于实际,并通过储层建模定量检验预测精度,完成了构造建模、储层结构建模和孔隙度参数建模。通过实际资料的应用,取得了精度较高的储层预测与建模效果。
During the levels of reservoir evaluation and development the object of reservoir investigation is reservoir modeling, but now the difficulty of modeling is how to improve the prediction accuracy across wells. When the well data is sparse the seismic data takes an important role in modeling. The low vertical resolution and strong ambiguity of the seismic data affects the accuracy of reservoir prediction across wells. In order to improve the accuracy of reservoir prediction across wells and modeling, based on the post-stack and pre-stack seismic data, an study in three levels which are theory exploring, novel methodology investigation and techniques application is conducted respectively.
In order to improve the prediction accuracy of applying the seismic data, the advanced poroelastic AVO theory is chosen in this paper. The exploring study of the AVO method for reservoir prediction in poroelastic media is conducted, which includes principle and methodology, programming, applying mathematical model data to test, especially putting the complexity theory into real application. In the SN31 area, the two-dimension inversion for P-wave velocity and porosity has been done across well profile by using the real pre-stack seismic data.
For post-stack seismic data, the in-depth study of reservoir prediction method from seismic waveform structure discrimination is conducted by applying the simplified poroelastic theory which is the equation of reflection coefficient under the condition of the equivalent media. The principle and methodology of waveform structure discrimination and methodology of building the model bank of seismic response are studied. The novel idea of reservoir interval spectrum is introduced and the spectrum is built. Then the method of automatic interpreting the reservoir interval spectrum is studied and extended from well site to three-dimension seismic data. So the three-dimension seismic data is converted directly into three-dimension data of sand distribution. Thus there has been a novel method of predicting the three-dimension distribution of sand.
In order to excavate the technologic potentiality of existing impendence inversion, the influence of optimizing seismic data and sampling rate on inversion accuracy are analyzed quantitatively. How to improve the accuracy of seismic-well tie and the initial impendence building is investigated. The exploring study about the essence of seismic-well joint inversion to improve the seismic resolution is conducted. So the inversion accuracy of existing techniques is improved effectively.
The reservoir prediction and modeling are conducted in the SN31 well area which is selected as the test project. The methodology and techniques in the paper are applied to real data. The reservoir modeling is applied to check the prediction accuracy quantitatively. The structural modeling, reservoir configuration modeling and porosity modeling are done. The result of the real data indicates the accuracy of reservoir prediction and model is good.
为了提高地震资料的利用精度,本论文首先选择目前较为先进的双相介质AVO理论,探索性地研究了双相介质AVO储层预测方法,包括原理方法、编程实现、数学模型验证,特别是将复杂的理论推进到实际应用。在SN31井区实际叠前地震资料的基础上,实现了过井测线纵波速度和孔隙度储层参数的二维反演,取得了较好的效果。
对于叠后地震资料,采用简化后的双相介质理论,即等效介质条件下的反射系数表达式,较为深入地研究了地震波形结构判识储层预测方法。开展了波形结构判识的原理方法研究、地震响应模型库建立方法研究;提出了储层厚度谱的新概念,建立了储层厚度谱;研究了储层厚度谱的自动解释方法,并将储层厚度谱的自动解释方法从井点推广到三维地震数据体中,将三维地震数据体直接转换为储层砂体三维分布数据体,为储层砂体的三维分布预测增添了新方法。
为了充分挖掘现有波阻抗反演技术的潜力,开展了地震资料优选和采样率对反演精度影响的定量分析、提高井震标定精度研究及提高初始波阻抗模型建立精度研究,并对测井地震联合反演提高地震分辨率的实质进行了探讨,有效提高了现有技术的反演精度。
本论文选择了准噶尔盆地腹部SN31井区作为试验研究工区,开展了储层预测与建模的研究工作,将论文研究形成的方法和技术用于实际,并通过储层建模定量检验预测精度,完成了构造建模、储层结构建模和孔隙度参数建模。通过实际资料的应用,取得了精度较高的储层预测与建模效果。
During the levels of reservoir evaluation and development the object of reservoir investigation is reservoir modeling, but now the difficulty of modeling is how to improve the prediction accuracy across wells. When the well data is sparse the seismic data takes an important role in modeling. The low vertical resolution and strong ambiguity of the seismic data affects the accuracy of reservoir prediction across wells. In order to improve the accuracy of reservoir prediction across wells and modeling, based on the post-stack and pre-stack seismic data, an study in three levels which are theory exploring, novel methodology investigation and techniques application is conducted respectively.
In order to improve the prediction accuracy of applying the seismic data, the advanced poroelastic AVO theory is chosen in this paper. The exploring study of the AVO method for reservoir prediction in poroelastic media is conducted, which includes principle and methodology, programming, applying mathematical model data to test, especially putting the complexity theory into real application. In the SN31 area, the two-dimension inversion for P-wave velocity and porosity has been done across well profile by using the real pre-stack seismic data.
For post-stack seismic data, the in-depth study of reservoir prediction method from seismic waveform structure discrimination is conducted by applying the simplified poroelastic theory which is the equation of reflection coefficient under the condition of the equivalent media. The principle and methodology of waveform structure discrimination and methodology of building the model bank of seismic response are studied. The novel idea of reservoir interval spectrum is introduced and the spectrum is built. Then the method of automatic interpreting the reservoir interval spectrum is studied and extended from well site to three-dimension seismic data. So the three-dimension seismic data is converted directly into three-dimension data of sand distribution. Thus there has been a novel method of predicting the three-dimension distribution of sand.
In order to excavate the technologic potentiality of existing impendence inversion, the influence of optimizing seismic data and sampling rate on inversion accuracy are analyzed quantitatively. How to improve the accuracy of seismic-well tie and the initial impendence building is investigated. The exploring study about the essence of seismic-well joint inversion to improve the seismic resolution is conducted. So the inversion accuracy of existing techniques is improved effectively.
The reservoir prediction and modeling are conducted in the SN31 well area which is selected as the test project. The methodology and techniques in the paper are applied to real data. The reservoir modeling is applied to check the prediction accuracy quantitatively. The structural modeling, reservoir configuration modeling and porosity modeling are done. The result of the real data indicates the accuracy of reservoir prediction and model is good.
引文
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[13] 陈湛文,刘勇. 基于波形的高分辨率AVO反演. 大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(6).
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