烯烃合金共聚反应的计算机控制
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摘要
聚烯烃是目前应用最为广泛的一种聚合物。随着烯烃聚合技术的不断发展，聚烯烃工业的发展由过去的以提高产量为主要目标，转移到现在的以提高产品质量为主要目标。反应器内合金化是当前聚烯烃工业发展的主要方向之一。浙江大学聚合反应国家重点实验室设计了一套基于“粒子反应器”技术的烯烃共聚实验装置，用以丙稀为主单体的烯烃合金共聚反应的研究。
烯烃合金共聚反应对控制的要求较高，本文针对装置的特点，设计了一套计算机实时控制系统。硬件结构以工控机及数据采集卡和数据输出卡为核心，实现对现场数据的采集与监控。开发了基于Delphi语言的控制软件，建立了友好的用户界面，提供了实施不同控制方案、不同控制算法的软件平台，实现对主要过程参数的实时控制。软硬件系统设计中，着重讨论了系统稳定性和可靠性措施。
本文通过分析烯烃合金共聚反应过程，提出了一套行之有效的控制方案，对烯烃合金共聚反应的控制作了一些开创性工作。主要讨论了反应温度、反应压力、气体组分、聚合物分子量主要控制参数的控制策略，探索了神经网络、模糊控制等智能控制方法在烯烃合金共聚反应的应用。同时在上述工作的基础上进行了实验，分析了控制方案的应用状况及其应用价值。
Polyolefin is the most widely used polymer in the world. With the development of olefin polymerization, the target of olefin polymerization industry has changed from increasing productivity to improving quality of products. Alloy in the reactor is one of main direction of olefin polymerization industry. A polyolefin alloy experiment device based on "Particle Reactor " technology is developed in National Polymerization Laboratory of Zhejiang University, which used for the research of olefin alloy copolymerization using propylene as main monomer.
Olefin alloy copolymerization reaction needs high-quality control. In this paper, a computer control system is developed for the polyolefin alloy experiment device. The hardware is based on industry computer, data acquisition card and data output card. And it realizes on-line measurement and supervision of field variables. Control software using Delphi as developing tool is provided. A friendly user operation interface is set up and real-time control of main parameters is realized. The software provided a platform to carry out various control solution, control algorithms. In the control system design, the stability and reliability is stressed.
In this paper, an effective control solution for olefin alloy copolymerization reaction is provided through analyzing the reaction process. The control algorithms of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, molecule weight and reaction gas composition are discussed. The application of neural network and fuzzy control is stressed. On the base of above work, several experiments is implemented and the usefulness of the control algorithms is evaluated.
烯烃合金共聚反应对控制的要求较高，本文针对装置的特点，设计了一套计算机实时控制系统。硬件结构以工控机及数据采集卡和数据输出卡为核心，实现对现场数据的采集与监控。开发了基于Delphi语言的控制软件，建立了友好的用户界面，提供了实施不同控制方案、不同控制算法的软件平台，实现对主要过程参数的实时控制。软硬件系统设计中，着重讨论了系统稳定性和可靠性措施。
本文通过分析烯烃合金共聚反应过程，提出了一套行之有效的控制方案，对烯烃合金共聚反应的控制作了一些开创性工作。主要讨论了反应温度、反应压力、气体组分、聚合物分子量主要控制参数的控制策略，探索了神经网络、模糊控制等智能控制方法在烯烃合金共聚反应的应用。同时在上述工作的基础上进行了实验，分析了控制方案的应用状况及其应用价值。
Polyolefin is the most widely used polymer in the world. With the development of olefin polymerization, the target of olefin polymerization industry has changed from increasing productivity to improving quality of products. Alloy in the reactor is one of main direction of olefin polymerization industry. A polyolefin alloy experiment device based on "Particle Reactor " technology is developed in National Polymerization Laboratory of Zhejiang University, which used for the research of olefin alloy copolymerization using propylene as main monomer.
Olefin alloy copolymerization reaction needs high-quality control. In this paper, a computer control system is developed for the polyolefin alloy experiment device. The hardware is based on industry computer, data acquisition card and data output card. And it realizes on-line measurement and supervision of field variables. Control software using Delphi as developing tool is provided. A friendly user operation interface is set up and real-time control of main parameters is realized. The software provided a platform to carry out various control solution, control algorithms. In the control system design, the stability and reliability is stressed.
In this paper, an effective control solution for olefin alloy copolymerization reaction is provided through analyzing the reaction process. The control algorithms of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, molecule weight and reaction gas composition are discussed. The application of neural network and fuzzy control is stressed. On the base of above work, several experiments is implemented and the usefulness of the control algorithms is evaluated.
引文
[1] [美]H．S．考夫曼等，聚合科学与工艺学引论，科学出版社，1986
[2] [日]高分子学会，聚合反应工程，化学工业出版社，1982
[3] 潘祖仁，高分子化学，化学工业出版社，2001
[4] 王晖，聚合控制及其进展，北京化工大学学报 2000．2
[5] W.H Ray, Polymerization reactor control, IEEE Control System Magazine, 1986, No. 8,pp.3-8
[6] Marcelo Enbirucu et al., A survey of advanced control of polymerization control, Polymer Engineering and Science,, 1996,Vol.36,No.4,pp.433-447
[7] 计其达，聚合过程及设备，化学工业出版社，1981
[8] 韩曾晋，自适应控制，清华大学出版社，2002
[9] 潘海天等，神经网络在聚合过程中的应用，化工进展，2002，Vol．21，No．5，pp．314-318
[10] 朴春俊、陈彩莲，模糊控制在聚合反应釜中的应用及仿真研究，系统仿真学报，2001，Vol．13，No．5，pp．558-561
[11] G. Ozkan et al., Nonlinear control of polymerization reactor, Computers and Chemical Engineering 2001,Vol.25, pp. 757-763
[12] Chiaki Kuroda, Jinyoung Kim, Neural network modeling of temperature behavior in an exothermic polymerization process, Neurocomputing 2002, Vol.4,pp.377-89
[13] Eduardo Coselli Vasco de Toledo et al., Development of high performance operational strategies for polymerization reactor, Computers and Chemical Engineering 2000, Vol.24,pp.481-486
[14] Myung-June Park, Hyun-Ku Rhee, LMI-based robust model predictive control for a continuous MMA polymerization reactor, Computers and Chemical Engineering 2001, Vol 25, pp.1513-1520
[15] Dulce C.M. Silva, Nuno M.C. Oliveira, Optimization and nonlinear model predictive control of batch polymerization systems, Computers and Chemical Engineering 2002,Vol. 26,pp.649-658
[16] G. Ravi Sriniwas et al., Estimation and control of an -olefin polymerization reactor, J. Proc. Cont. 1995, Vol. 5, No.5,pp.303-313
[17] Tracy Clarke-Pringe et al., Generalized predictive control of optimal temperature profiles in a polystyrene polymerization reactor, Chemical Engineering and Processing 1998,Vol. 37, pp. 125-139
[18] G. Ozkan et al., Nonlinear adaptive temperature control of multi-product, semibatch polymerization reactors, Computers Chem. Engng. 1997, Vol.21, No. 12, pp. 1395-1407
[19] Timothy Crowley and Kyu-Yong Choi, On-line monitoring and control of a batch polymerization reactor, J. Proc. Cont. 1996, Vol. 6, No.2/3,pp. 119-127
[20] Hiroya Seki et al., Industrial application of a nonlinear model predictive control to polymerization reactors, Control Engineering Practice 2001, Vol.9,pp.819-828
[21] 林尚安等，配位聚合，上海科学技术出版社，1985
[22] 马青山等，丙稀为主单体的烯烃合金共聚的研究，石油化工，1999，Vol．28，pp．746-750
[23] R. A. Hutchinson, C. M. Chen, W. H. Ray, Polymerization of Olefins through Heterogeneous Catalysts X: Modeling of Particle Growth and Morphology, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1992, Vol. 44,pp. 1389-1414
[24] 马青山等，乙烯-丙稀气相共聚动力学研究，高分子学报，2001，No．6，746-750
[25] 张玉清等，聚丙烯反应器合金化研究，塑料工业，2001，Vol．29，No．1，pp．5-7
[26] 张玉清等，聚烯烃合金催化技术的新进展，高分子材料科学与工程，1999，Vol．15 No．6，pp．20-26
[27] Steve Teixeira, Xavier Pacheco著，任旭钧等译，Delphi 5人员开发指南，机械工业出版社，2000
[28] 刘桂强等，Win9x下实现数据的实时采集与显示，计算机工程，2002，Vol．28No．3，pp．256-257
[29] 张彦虎等，用Delphi和Matlab开发温室计算机模糊控制系统软件的研究，软件时空，2002，Vol．18，No．5，pp．61-63
[30] 张会敏等，基于Windows平台的炉温采集与监控系统，电气自动化，2002，No．2，pp．57，60
[31] 张俊星等，开放式工控实时数据库设计，计算机应用与软件，2000，Vol．17，No．7，pp．18-22
[32] 王锦标、方崇智，过程计算机控制，清华大学出版社，1997
[33] 房晔等，工业电子控制装置常见的干扰及抑制的硬件措施，西北纺织工学院学报，2001，Vol．15 No．3，pp．54-58
[34] 林伟，变频调速传动系统中变频器的电磁兼容性，低压电器，2001，No．6，pp．37-38
[35] S.Chakravarti, W.H. Ray, X.Zhang, Kinetic Study of Polymerization with a Supported Metallocene Catalyst. Ⅳ. Comparison of Bridged and Unbridged Catalyst in Gas Phase, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001,Vol. 81, pp. 1451-1459
[36] Job Jan C.samson et al., Gas-Phase Polymerization of Propylene with a Highly Active Ziegler-Natta Catalyst, AIChE Journal, 1999, Vol. 45, No. 7,pp. 1549-1557
[37] Chie Sato et al., Modelling, simulation and nonlinear control of a gas-phase polymerization process, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 2000,Vol. 24, pp.945-951
[38] K. B. McAuley and J.F. MacGreger,On-Line Inference of Polymer Properties in an Industry Polyethylene Reactor, AIChE Joumal 1991, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 825-835
[39] M.Oshima et al., Quality control of polymer production processes, Journal of Process Control, 2000, Vol. 10, pp. 135-148
[40] 李海青、黄志尧等，软测量技术原理及应用，化学工业出版社，2000
[41] D. Semino et al., Parameter estimation in Extend Kalman Filter for quality control
in polymerization reactors, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 2001, Vol. Suppl20, pp.s913-s918
[42] 诸静，模糊控制原理与应用，机械工业出版社，2001
[43] 孙绪刚、王丽荣，模糊控制在聚合装置的应用，化工自动化及仪表，2001，Vol．28，No．4，pp．29-32
[44] HuaFang Ni et al., Fuzzy logic supervised ANN feedforward control for a batch polymerization reactor, Proceedings of American Control Conference, Seattle, June 1995,pp. 1777-1781
[45] 张立明，人工神经网络的模型及其应用，复旦大学出版社，1994
[46] 王永骥、涂健，神经元网络控制，机械工业出版社，1999
[47] G. Fevotte et al., An adaptive inferential measurement strategy for on-line monitoring of conversion in polymerization processes, Thermochima Acta, 1998, Vol. 289,pp.223-242
[48] G.C.Han-Adebekun, J.A. Debling, W.H. Ray, Polymerization of Olefins Through Heterogeneous Catalysts. XIV. Design and Control of a Laboratory Stirred Bed Copolymerization Reactor, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1997, Vol. 64, pp.373-382
[49] 薛美盛等，自适应Smith预估器仿真研究，工业仪表与自动化装置，2000，No．6，pp．3-7
[50] Toru Yamamoto et al., Self-tuning temperature control of polymerization reactor, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Control Application, Trieste Italy,Sep. 1998,pp. 110-1114
[2] [日]高分子学会，聚合反应工程，化学工业出版社，1982
[3] 潘祖仁，高分子化学，化学工业出版社，2001
[4] 王晖，聚合控制及其进展，北京化工大学学报 2000．2
[5] W.H Ray, Polymerization reactor control, IEEE Control System Magazine, 1986, No. 8,pp.3-8
[6] Marcelo Enbirucu et al., A survey of advanced control of polymerization control, Polymer Engineering and Science,, 1996,Vol.36,No.4,pp.433-447
[7] 计其达，聚合过程及设备，化学工业出版社，1981
[8] 韩曾晋，自适应控制，清华大学出版社，2002
[9] 潘海天等，神经网络在聚合过程中的应用，化工进展，2002，Vol．21，No．5，pp．314-318
[10] 朴春俊、陈彩莲，模糊控制在聚合反应釜中的应用及仿真研究，系统仿真学报，2001，Vol．13，No．5，pp．558-561
[11] G. Ozkan et al., Nonlinear control of polymerization reactor, Computers and Chemical Engineering 2001,Vol.25, pp. 757-763
[12] Chiaki Kuroda, Jinyoung Kim, Neural network modeling of temperature behavior in an exothermic polymerization process, Neurocomputing 2002, Vol.4,pp.377-89
[13] Eduardo Coselli Vasco de Toledo et al., Development of high performance operational strategies for polymerization reactor, Computers and Chemical Engineering 2000, Vol.24,pp.481-486
[14] Myung-June Park, Hyun-Ku Rhee, LMI-based robust model predictive control for a continuous MMA polymerization reactor, Computers and Chemical Engineering 2001, Vol 25, pp.1513-1520
[15] Dulce C.M. Silva, Nuno M.C. Oliveira, Optimization and nonlinear model predictive control of batch polymerization systems, Computers and Chemical Engineering 2002,Vol. 26,pp.649-658
[16] G. Ravi Sriniwas et al., Estimation and control of an -olefin polymerization reactor, J. Proc. Cont. 1995, Vol. 5, No.5,pp.303-313
[17] Tracy Clarke-Pringe et al., Generalized predictive control of optimal temperature profiles in a polystyrene polymerization reactor, Chemical Engineering and Processing 1998,Vol. 37, pp. 125-139
[18] G. Ozkan et al., Nonlinear adaptive temperature control of multi-product, semibatch polymerization reactors, Computers Chem. Engng. 1997, Vol.21, No. 12, pp. 1395-1407
[19] Timothy Crowley and Kyu-Yong Choi, On-line monitoring and control of a batch polymerization reactor, J. Proc. Cont. 1996, Vol. 6, No.2/3,pp. 119-127
[20] Hiroya Seki et al., Industrial application of a nonlinear model predictive control to polymerization reactors, Control Engineering Practice 2001, Vol.9,pp.819-828
[21] 林尚安等，配位聚合，上海科学技术出版社，1985
[22] 马青山等，丙稀为主单体的烯烃合金共聚的研究，石油化工，1999，Vol．28，pp．746-750
[23] R. A. Hutchinson, C. M. Chen, W. H. Ray, Polymerization of Olefins through Heterogeneous Catalysts X: Modeling of Particle Growth and Morphology, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1992, Vol. 44,pp. 1389-1414
[24] 马青山等，乙烯-丙稀气相共聚动力学研究，高分子学报，2001，No．6，746-750
[25] 张玉清等，聚丙烯反应器合金化研究，塑料工业，2001，Vol．29，No．1，pp．5-7
[26] 张玉清等，聚烯烃合金催化技术的新进展，高分子材料科学与工程，1999，Vol．15 No．6，pp．20-26
[27] Steve Teixeira, Xavier Pacheco著，任旭钧等译，Delphi 5人员开发指南，机械工业出版社，2000
[28] 刘桂强等，Win9x下实现数据的实时采集与显示，计算机工程，2002，Vol．28No．3，pp．256-257
[29] 张彦虎等，用Delphi和Matlab开发温室计算机模糊控制系统软件的研究，软件时空，2002，Vol．18，No．5，pp．61-63
[30] 张会敏等，基于Windows平台的炉温采集与监控系统，电气自动化，2002，No．2，pp．57，60
[31] 张俊星等，开放式工控实时数据库设计，计算机应用与软件，2000，Vol．17，No．7，pp．18-22
[32] 王锦标、方崇智，过程计算机控制，清华大学出版社，1997
[33] 房晔等，工业电子控制装置常见的干扰及抑制的硬件措施，西北纺织工学院学报，2001，Vol．15 No．3，pp．54-58
[34] 林伟，变频调速传动系统中变频器的电磁兼容性，低压电器，2001，No．6，pp．37-38
[35] S.Chakravarti, W.H. Ray, X.Zhang, Kinetic Study of Polymerization with a Supported Metallocene Catalyst. Ⅳ. Comparison of Bridged and Unbridged Catalyst in Gas Phase, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001,Vol. 81, pp. 1451-1459
[36] Job Jan C.samson et al., Gas-Phase Polymerization of Propylene with a Highly Active Ziegler-Natta Catalyst, AIChE Journal, 1999, Vol. 45, No. 7,pp. 1549-1557
[37] Chie Sato et al., Modelling, simulation and nonlinear control of a gas-phase polymerization process, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 2000,Vol. 24, pp.945-951
[38] K. B. McAuley and J.F. MacGreger,On-Line Inference of Polymer Properties in an Industry Polyethylene Reactor, AIChE Joumal 1991, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 825-835
[39] M.Oshima et al., Quality control of polymer production processes, Journal of Process Control, 2000, Vol. 10, pp. 135-148
[40] 李海青、黄志尧等，软测量技术原理及应用，化学工业出版社，2000
[41] D. Semino et al., Parameter estimation in Extend Kalman Filter for quality control
in polymerization reactors, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 2001, Vol. Suppl20, pp.s913-s918
[42] 诸静，模糊控制原理与应用，机械工业出版社，2001
[43] 孙绪刚、王丽荣，模糊控制在聚合装置的应用，化工自动化及仪表，2001，Vol．28，No．4，pp．29-32
[44] HuaFang Ni et al., Fuzzy logic supervised ANN feedforward control for a batch polymerization reactor, Proceedings of American Control Conference, Seattle, June 1995,pp. 1777-1781
[45] 张立明，人工神经网络的模型及其应用，复旦大学出版社，1994
[46] 王永骥、涂健，神经元网络控制，机械工业出版社，1999
[47] G. Fevotte et al., An adaptive inferential measurement strategy for on-line monitoring of conversion in polymerization processes, Thermochima Acta, 1998, Vol. 289,pp.223-242
[48] G.C.Han-Adebekun, J.A. Debling, W.H. Ray, Polymerization of Olefins Through Heterogeneous Catalysts. XIV. Design and Control of a Laboratory Stirred Bed Copolymerization Reactor, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1997, Vol. 64, pp.373-382
[49] 薛美盛等，自适应Smith预估器仿真研究，工业仪表与自动化装置，2000，No．6，pp．3-7
[50] Toru Yamamoto et al., Self-tuning temperature control of polymerization reactor, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Control Application, Trieste Italy,Sep. 1998,pp. 110-1114