聚乙烯/聚丙烯反应器合金及其接枝共聚物的合成、结构与性能研究
|
摘要
首次应用富勒烯氯化物C_(60)Cln/C_(70)Cln(n=18-22，平均值为20，C_(60)/C_(70)=7/3重量比)(以下简称C_(60)Cl_(20))分别与CuCl/Bpy、Ni(naph)_2/PPh_3组成新型原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)引发体系引发苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)及N-乙烯基咔唑(VK)聚合，研究聚合反应规律和聚合反应机理，探讨了所得富勒烯化聚合物的结构和性能；探索在正丁基锂引发苯乙烯和丁二烯阴离子聚合体系中以C_(60)Cl_(20)为偶联剂的偶联反应特征。通过以上方法合成了一系列新型富勒烯化高分子材料(C_(60)-Polymer)。
以C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy为引发体系在甲苯中于130℃引发苯乙烯聚合，其中各组分摩尔比为C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy/St=0.05/1/2/100。本体系与普通ATRP(CCl_4作引发剂)体系具有相近的引发聚合反应活性，并且具有CuCl在体系中分散性好的特点。用体积示差折光指数(RI)和紫外(UV)双检测GPC测定不同聚合转化率下所得聚合物的GPC谱图(紫外检测器的波长设定为340nm,含C_(60)的聚苯乙烯在此波长有吸收，普通聚苯乙烯则无吸收)。其中，GPC(RI)谱线为双峰分布(峰a、峰b)，GPC(UV)谱线为单峰(带肩峰)并与GPC(RI)谱线中峰b的全部及峰a的小部分重合。深入研究发现，GPC(RI)谱线的峰b(分子量较高)是由C_(60)-PSt贡献的，它随着聚合反应转化率的提高向左移动同时峰面积逐渐增加，表明C_(60)-PSt的分子量随聚合转化率的增加而增加。分子量分布较窄，并且随着聚合反应转化率的增加而变窄，这是ATRP机理的特征之一。在GPC(UV)谱线中存在着的肩峰与GPC(RI)谱线中的峰a有部分重合，这部分可能是C_(60)Cl_(20)引发苯乙烯聚合的产物。另外在GPC(RI)谱线中的峰a不随聚合转化率的变化而移动，推测是由苯乙烯的热聚合所致。因此判断C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy体系引发苯乙烯聚合为ATRP，但同时存在着C_(60)Cl_(20)引发和热引发苯乙烯聚合。通过顺序加料法成功地制备了苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的嵌段共聚物。
研究C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy/甲苯体系引发苯乙烯聚合反应特征为：聚合反应速率和所得聚合物的分子量(特性粘度)均随CuCl用量的增加而降低；Bpy/CuCl的最佳摩尔比在1.2左右；聚合反应中ATRP部分随C_(60)Cl_(20)用量的增加而增加；聚合反应活性及聚合物分子量均随C_(60)Cl_n中n值的降低而降低，；所得聚合物分子量随单体浓度的增加而增加。测得聚合反应的表观活化能为93.0KJ/mol。C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy体系用于引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合，结果与苯乙烯聚合相似。
富勒烯化聚苯乙烯的荧光发射光谱测定结果显示，在650nm附近有强的荧光发射峰，这是由C_(60)Cl_(20)引起的，表明聚合物中含有C_(60)Cl_(20)。根据活性聚合原理估算富勒烯化聚苯乙烯是以C_(60)为核、以4-6条聚合物链为臂的星形大分子；由IR、~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR的表征结果，推测作为臂的聚苯乙烯大分子为无规结构。富勒烯化聚苯乙烯的光导性测定显示其充电电压(1720v)比普通聚苯乙烯(1340v)高，半率期t_(1/2)为0.81s比普通PSt(0.92s)低0.11s。可见富勒烯化聚苯乙烯与普通聚苯乙烯相比有较高的电荷接受能力
一
和光导性。
以C60C12。为单组分引发剂，甲苯为溶剂，在120oC下引发N－乙烯基咋哩（VK）
聚合。当VK：C60C12。二100（摩尔卜），WK】0．25g／ml，聚合20h得至转化率为100 ％
的棕红色粉末，它能部分溶于甲苯、THF等溶剂。用 FTIR，UVVS，‘b－NMR，DSC和
TGA对聚合产物的结构进行表征。经紫外光谱、’3C－NMR谱图研究，认为 PVK链是
以两种方式与C0键合，一种为咋哩环与C肋上双键的Diels－Alder反应，另一种为＊olm
中C－CI键与乙烯基咋哇的加成反应。初步确定所得C60－PVK的拓朴结构为线形，星形
及网状。玻璃化转变温度测定：CeoPVK（Tg＝＝187石℃）高于普通 PVK（Tg ＝＝160．1
OC）TGA曲线在150—700C显示三个平台，这可能是由C60PVK的多种拓扑结构所
致。
用C6（ 于甲苯溶剂中130OC下引发乙烯基咋哩聚合。所得产物的GPC
谱线呈双峰（峰a，峰b）分布，其中分子量较小的峰a约占43％，它可能是由热聚合引
起的。峰b的分子量较大为9．97X 10＼其分布为1．33，初步认为是C6。C120／CllCIAspy体系
引发VK的ATRp。通过C60IVK的m、UV双检测（设定波长400m）WC谱线以及‘HNMR
谱验证了ATRP反应机理的合理性。用）‘匝序加料法成功地制得P（V七－MMA）嵌段共聚
物。测得富勒烯化聚乙烯基咋哇的充电电压（斤1300VV纯PVK（V斤1200V）高，表明
其电荷接受能力更强。C6小PVK的半衰期h①．715X纯PVKN．895）短。可见富勒烯化聚
乙烯基咋哇的光导性得到改善。
以C60C12。为引发剂，以可溶于甲苯的环烷酸镍（Ni（naPh）2）为催化剂，三苯基磷
（Poh）3）为配体组成新型ATRP引发体系引发苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合。首先以
CCb为引发剂与Ni（naph）z／P（Ph组成引发体系引发苯乙烯聚合来验证Ni（llaph）zMPh）
可作为ATRP的催化剂。该引发体系不同转化率下所得聚合物的GPC图表明，聚合反
应初期存在热聚合反应，随着聚合反应的进行所得聚合物的分子量与聚合反应转化率
呈线性增?
Chlorided derivative of Fullerenes(C60/C70=7/3), C60Cln(the value of n is 18-22,the average value is 20) has been used as a novel initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) for the first time. C60 bonded Polystyrene(PSt), poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) were prepared by C60Cl20/CuCl/2,2'-bipyridine(Bpy) and C60Cl20/Ni(naph)2/P(Ph)3 initiator system, respectively. Polymeric processes, polymerization mechanism and the structure of polymers were studied in more detail. C60Cl20 was also used as a novel coupling agent in n-BuLi initiating anionic polymerization of butadiene (Bd) and styrene (St) in the first instance. With the two methods, star-shaped polymer with a chlorided derivative of C60 as core and with predictable average molecular weights and narrow polydispersity indices (PDI) polymer chain arm could be synthesized.
C60-bonded polystyrene was prepared by C60Cl20/CuCl/ 2,2'-bipyridine(Bpy) initiator system. The mole ratio of styrene: C60Cl20:CuCl:Bpy was 100:1/20:1:2 and polymerization temperature was 130 C.Compared with ordinary initiator system,CCl4CuCl/Bpy, this initiator system showed better phone state dispersion and similar activity in toluene. There were two peaks(peak a and peak b) in the Gel-permeation chromatography(GPC) of PSt initiated by C60Cl20 detected by refractive index (RI) detector. The peak(b), and a smell part of peak(a), consisted with the GPC curve detected by ultra-violet absorption (UV) detector. The working wavelength for the UV detector was set at 340nm where the polystyrene could not be detected and only C60 and its derivative can be recorded. Which indicted that C60 was chemical bonded into the main chain for the part of polystyrene. The linear increasing of molecular weights (Mn,GPC obtained by UV detector) with conversion indicated that this part of polymerization was ATRP initiated by C60Cl20.The peak(a) of the GPC curve detected by RI detector didn't move with the conversion increasing, and without C60 in the part of polymer. Therefore the part of polymerization was designed therm polymerization. At the same time,a small quantity of C60-PSt existed in peak(a) ,which was initiated by C60Cl20. After styrene polymerized completely, by adding methymethacrylate the copolymer of polystyrene-block-polymethylmethacrylate can also be compounded.
Which also verified a "living" nature of the polymerization. In this initiator system, the polymerization rate and the Mn of PSt were decreased as increasing the content of CuCl. The best mole rate of Bpy/CuCl was about 1.2. The part of ATRP in whole polymerization was decreased as decreasing the content of C60Cl20.As decreasing the value of n in C60Cln, the polymerization activity and the molecular weight of polymer were decreased. As increasing the content of monomer, the molecular weight of polymer increased. The apparent activation energy of this polymerization reaction (Ea) was 93.0KJ.mol-1. This initiator system can be used to initiate MMA too. The fluorescence spectra of C60-PSt which was initiated by C60Cl20 initiator system and PSt in dichloromethane at room temperature and the ex was 248nm were detected. The peak of C60Cl20 in 650nm was found in the fluorescence spectrum of C60-PSt, which also indicted that C60 was chemically bonded to PSt linear. With the "living" nature of this polymerization system, the arm number of this C60-bonded polystyrene was roughly calculate by the formula of Mn,GPC=([M]C%/[I])WM, which was about 4-6. The microstructure of C60-PSt was atactic detected by IR,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The photoconducting properties of C60-PSt were studied preliminarily. C60-PSt exhibit a higher charge acceptance (V0=1720) than ordinary PSt(V0=1320) and C60-PSt has a shorter t1/2(0.81s) than PSt2 (0.92s). So C60 bonded polystyrene exhibits better photoconductivity than ordinary PSt.
C60 bonded poly(N-vinylcarbazole) has been synthesized in present of C60Cl20 in toluene at 120 C ,VK: C60Cl20 was 100:1 (mole ratio) and the concentration of VK was 0.25g/mL. The fullerenated PVK has a
以C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy为引发体系在甲苯中于130℃引发苯乙烯聚合，其中各组分摩尔比为C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy/St=0.05/1/2/100。本体系与普通ATRP(CCl_4作引发剂)体系具有相近的引发聚合反应活性，并且具有CuCl在体系中分散性好的特点。用体积示差折光指数(RI)和紫外(UV)双检测GPC测定不同聚合转化率下所得聚合物的GPC谱图(紫外检测器的波长设定为340nm,含C_(60)的聚苯乙烯在此波长有吸收，普通聚苯乙烯则无吸收)。其中，GPC(RI)谱线为双峰分布(峰a、峰b)，GPC(UV)谱线为单峰(带肩峰)并与GPC(RI)谱线中峰b的全部及峰a的小部分重合。深入研究发现，GPC(RI)谱线的峰b(分子量较高)是由C_(60)-PSt贡献的，它随着聚合反应转化率的提高向左移动同时峰面积逐渐增加，表明C_(60)-PSt的分子量随聚合转化率的增加而增加。分子量分布较窄，并且随着聚合反应转化率的增加而变窄，这是ATRP机理的特征之一。在GPC(UV)谱线中存在着的肩峰与GPC(RI)谱线中的峰a有部分重合，这部分可能是C_(60)Cl_(20)引发苯乙烯聚合的产物。另外在GPC(RI)谱线中的峰a不随聚合转化率的变化而移动，推测是由苯乙烯的热聚合所致。因此判断C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy体系引发苯乙烯聚合为ATRP，但同时存在着C_(60)Cl_(20)引发和热引发苯乙烯聚合。通过顺序加料法成功地制备了苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的嵌段共聚物。
研究C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy/甲苯体系引发苯乙烯聚合反应特征为：聚合反应速率和所得聚合物的分子量(特性粘度)均随CuCl用量的增加而降低；Bpy/CuCl的最佳摩尔比在1.2左右；聚合反应中ATRP部分随C_(60)Cl_(20)用量的增加而增加；聚合反应活性及聚合物分子量均随C_(60)Cl_n中n值的降低而降低，；所得聚合物分子量随单体浓度的增加而增加。测得聚合反应的表观活化能为93.0KJ/mol。C_(60)Cl_(20)/CuCl/Bpy体系用于引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合，结果与苯乙烯聚合相似。
富勒烯化聚苯乙烯的荧光发射光谱测定结果显示，在650nm附近有强的荧光发射峰，这是由C_(60)Cl_(20)引起的，表明聚合物中含有C_(60)Cl_(20)。根据活性聚合原理估算富勒烯化聚苯乙烯是以C_(60)为核、以4-6条聚合物链为臂的星形大分子；由IR、~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR的表征结果，推测作为臂的聚苯乙烯大分子为无规结构。富勒烯化聚苯乙烯的光导性测定显示其充电电压(1720v)比普通聚苯乙烯(1340v)高，半率期t_(1/2)为0.81s比普通PSt(0.92s)低0.11s。可见富勒烯化聚苯乙烯与普通聚苯乙烯相比有较高的电荷接受能力
一
和光导性。
以C60C12。为单组分引发剂，甲苯为溶剂，在120oC下引发N－乙烯基咋哩（VK）
聚合。当VK：C60C12。二100（摩尔卜），WK】0．25g／ml，聚合20h得至转化率为100 ％
的棕红色粉末，它能部分溶于甲苯、THF等溶剂。用 FTIR，UVVS，‘b－NMR，DSC和
TGA对聚合产物的结构进行表征。经紫外光谱、’3C－NMR谱图研究，认为 PVK链是
以两种方式与C0键合，一种为咋哩环与C肋上双键的Diels－Alder反应，另一种为＊olm
中C－CI键与乙烯基咋哇的加成反应。初步确定所得C60－PVK的拓朴结构为线形，星形
及网状。玻璃化转变温度测定：CeoPVK（Tg＝＝187石℃）高于普通 PVK（Tg ＝＝160．1
OC）TGA曲线在150—700C显示三个平台，这可能是由C60PVK的多种拓扑结构所
致。
用C6（ 于甲苯溶剂中130OC下引发乙烯基咋哩聚合。所得产物的GPC
谱线呈双峰（峰a，峰b）分布，其中分子量较小的峰a约占43％，它可能是由热聚合引
起的。峰b的分子量较大为9．97X 10＼其分布为1．33，初步认为是C6。C120／CllCIAspy体系
引发VK的ATRp。通过C60IVK的m、UV双检测（设定波长400m）WC谱线以及‘HNMR
谱验证了ATRP反应机理的合理性。用）‘匝序加料法成功地制得P（V七－MMA）嵌段共聚
物。测得富勒烯化聚乙烯基咋哇的充电电压（斤1300VV纯PVK（V斤1200V）高，表明
其电荷接受能力更强。C6小PVK的半衰期h①．715X纯PVKN．895）短。可见富勒烯化聚
乙烯基咋哇的光导性得到改善。
以C60C12。为引发剂，以可溶于甲苯的环烷酸镍（Ni（naPh）2）为催化剂，三苯基磷
（Poh）3）为配体组成新型ATRP引发体系引发苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合。首先以
CCb为引发剂与Ni（naph）z／P（Ph组成引发体系引发苯乙烯聚合来验证Ni（llaph）zMPh）
可作为ATRP的催化剂。该引发体系不同转化率下所得聚合物的GPC图表明，聚合反
应初期存在热聚合反应，随着聚合反应的进行所得聚合物的分子量与聚合反应转化率
呈线性增?
Chlorided derivative of Fullerenes(C60/C70=7/3), C60Cln(the value of n is 18-22,the average value is 20) has been used as a novel initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) for the first time. C60 bonded Polystyrene(PSt), poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) were prepared by C60Cl20/CuCl/2,2'-bipyridine(Bpy) and C60Cl20/Ni(naph)2/P(Ph)3 initiator system, respectively. Polymeric processes, polymerization mechanism and the structure of polymers were studied in more detail. C60Cl20 was also used as a novel coupling agent in n-BuLi initiating anionic polymerization of butadiene (Bd) and styrene (St) in the first instance. With the two methods, star-shaped polymer with a chlorided derivative of C60 as core and with predictable average molecular weights and narrow polydispersity indices (PDI) polymer chain arm could be synthesized.
C60-bonded polystyrene was prepared by C60Cl20/CuCl/ 2,2'-bipyridine(Bpy) initiator system. The mole ratio of styrene: C60Cl20:CuCl:Bpy was 100:1/20:1:2 and polymerization temperature was 130 C.Compared with ordinary initiator system,CCl4CuCl/Bpy, this initiator system showed better phone state dispersion and similar activity in toluene. There were two peaks(peak a and peak b) in the Gel-permeation chromatography(GPC) of PSt initiated by C60Cl20 detected by refractive index (RI) detector. The peak(b), and a smell part of peak(a), consisted with the GPC curve detected by ultra-violet absorption (UV) detector. The working wavelength for the UV detector was set at 340nm where the polystyrene could not be detected and only C60 and its derivative can be recorded. Which indicted that C60 was chemical bonded into the main chain for the part of polystyrene. The linear increasing of molecular weights (Mn,GPC obtained by UV detector) with conversion indicated that this part of polymerization was ATRP initiated by C60Cl20.The peak(a) of the GPC curve detected by RI detector didn't move with the conversion increasing, and without C60 in the part of polymer. Therefore the part of polymerization was designed therm polymerization. At the same time,a small quantity of C60-PSt existed in peak(a) ,which was initiated by C60Cl20. After styrene polymerized completely, by adding methymethacrylate the copolymer of polystyrene-block-polymethylmethacrylate can also be compounded.
Which also verified a "living" nature of the polymerization. In this initiator system, the polymerization rate and the Mn of PSt were decreased as increasing the content of CuCl. The best mole rate of Bpy/CuCl was about 1.2. The part of ATRP in whole polymerization was decreased as decreasing the content of C60Cl20.As decreasing the value of n in C60Cln, the polymerization activity and the molecular weight of polymer were decreased. As increasing the content of monomer, the molecular weight of polymer increased. The apparent activation energy of this polymerization reaction (Ea) was 93.0KJ.mol-1. This initiator system can be used to initiate MMA too. The fluorescence spectra of C60-PSt which was initiated by C60Cl20 initiator system and PSt in dichloromethane at room temperature and the ex was 248nm were detected. The peak of C60Cl20 in 650nm was found in the fluorescence spectrum of C60-PSt, which also indicted that C60 was chemically bonded to PSt linear. With the "living" nature of this polymerization system, the arm number of this C60-bonded polystyrene was roughly calculate by the formula of Mn,GPC=([M]C%/[I])WM, which was about 4-6. The microstructure of C60-PSt was atactic detected by IR,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The photoconducting properties of C60-PSt were studied preliminarily. C60-PSt exhibit a higher charge acceptance (V0=1720) than ordinary PSt(V0=1320) and C60-PSt has a shorter t1/2(0.81s) than PSt2 (0.92s). So C60 bonded polystyrene exhibits better photoconductivity than ordinary PSt.
C60 bonded poly(N-vinylcarbazole) has been synthesized in present of C60Cl20 in toluene at 120 C ,VK: C60Cl20 was 100:1 (mole ratio) and the concentration of VK was 0.25g/mL. The fullerenated PVK has a
引文
[1] 申泮文．无机化学．北京：化学工业出版社，2002，233～234
[2] 张军，薛群基，杜祖亮，朱自强，吴清柱．富勒烯LB膜结构与其摩擦学性能．中国科学(B辑)，1995，25(3)：253～257
[3] Zhou O, Fischer J E, Coustel N, Kycia S, Zhu Q. Structure and Bonding in Alkali-Metal-Doped C_(60). Nature, 1991, 351:223
[4] Hale P D. Discrete-Variational-X α Electronic Structure Studies of the Spherical C_(60) Cluster: Prediction of Ionization Potential and Electronic Transition Energy. J Am Chem Soc, 1986, 108: 6087
[5] Yoshitsugu Kojima, Takaaki Matsuoka, Hideroh Takahashi. Optical Limiting Property of Polystyrene-Bound C_(60). Macromolecules, 1995, 28(26): 8868～8869
[6] Hauffler R E, Conceicao J, Chibante L P F. Efficient Production of C_(60) (Buckminsterfullerene), C_(60)H_(36), and the Solvated Buckide Ion. J Phys Chem, 1990,94(24): 8634-8636
[7] Olah G A, Bucsi I, Lambert C, Aniszfeld R, Trived N J, Sensharma D. Chlorination and Bromination of Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc, 1991, 113(24): 9385-9387
[8] Creegan K M,Robbins J L ,Robbins W K,Millar J. M.,Sherwood R.D.,Tindall P.J.,Cox D.M.,Synthesis and Characterization of C60,The Frist Fullerene Epoxide,. J Am Chem Soc, 1992,114(3): 1103～1105.
[9] 林永生，吴振奕，詹梦熊，郑兰荪．球烯配合物的研究进展．化学通报，1996，(9)：5～9
[10] Chuang,C.W. Shih,J.S., Preparation and application of immobilized C_(60)-glucose oxidase enzyme in fullerene C60-coated piezoelectric quartz crystal glucose sensor ,Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical v 81 n 1 2001 , 1-8
[11] Frideman S H, Decamp D L, Sijbesma R P, Srdanor G, Wudl F, Kenyon G L. Inhibition of the HIV-1 Protease by Fullerene Derivatives: Model Building Studies and Experimental Verification. J Am Chem Soc, 1993, 115:6506～6509
[12] James W, Arbogast,Aleksander P. Darmanyan,Christopher S.Foote,Yves Rubin,Francois N.Diederich,Marcos M.Alvarez, Samir J.Anz,R.L.Whetten,Photophysical Properties of C_(60),J.Phys.Chem. 1991,95,11 - 12
[13] Roger Taylor, David R.M.Walton, The Chemistry of Fullerenes,Nature, 1993,363:685
[14] H W Gibson,Control of Electrical Properties of Polymers by Chemical Modification,Polymer, 1984,25:3-27
[15] 陈或，徐晓鸿，王静霞，肖丽香，蔡瑞芳，黄祖恩，富勒烯功能高分子材料的制备和性能研究，功能高分子学报，1999,4：470-478
[16] Rao A M,Zhou P, Wang K A,Hager G.T.,Holden J.M.,Wang Y.,Lee W.T.,Bi X.X.,Eklund P.C.,Coknett D.S.,Duncan M.A.,Amster I.J.,Photoinduced Polymerization of Solid C60 Films, Science, 1993,259(5097):955～957.
[17] Cornett D S,Amster I J,Duncan M A, J Phys Lett, 1993,97(19):5036～5039.
[18] Zhou P, Dong Z H, Rao A M,Eklund P.C. Reaction Mechanism for the Photopolymerization of Solid Fullerene C_(60), Chem Phys Lett, 1993,211 (4-5):337～340.
[19] Wang Y, Holden J M, Dong Z H,Bi X.X.,Eklund P.C.,Photo-dimerization kinetics in Solid C60 Films, Chem Phys Lett, 1993,211(4-5):341～345.
[201 Wang Y, Holden J M,Bi X X,Photo-dimerization Kinetics in Solid C_(60) Films. Chem Phys Lett, 1994,217(4):413～417.
[21] Strout D L, Murry R L, Xu C H,Eckhoff W.C.,Odom G.K.,Scuseria G.E.,A Theoretical Study of Buckminster Fullerene Reaction Products:C_(60)+C_(60)., Chem Phys Lett, 1993,214(6):576～582.
[22] Sun Y P, Ms B, Bunker C E,Liu B.,All-Carbon Polymers (Polyfullerenes)from Photochemical Reactions of Fullerene Clusters in Room-Temperature Solvent Mixtures, J Am Chem Soc, 1995,117(50): 12705～12711.
[23] Franco Cataldo,Ramman Spectra of C60 Fullerene Photopolymers Prepared in Solution,European Polymer Journal,2000,36(2):653-656.
[24] Long,V.C. Musfeldt, J.L.Kamaras,K.Iwasa,Y. Mayo,W.E.,Ferroelectrics v 249 n 1-2 Jun 21-25 1999 2001 p 135-144 0015-0193
[25] Shi S, Khemani K C, Li Q C, Wudl F. A Polyester and Polyurethane of Diphenyl C_(60) Retention of Fulleroid Properties in a Polymer. J Am Chem Soc, 1992, 114(26): 10656-10657
[26] Geckeler K E, Hirsch A. Polymer-Bound C_(60). J Am Chem Soc, 1993, 115(9): 3850-3851
[27] Patil A O, Schriver G W, Carstensen B, Lundberg R D. Fullerene Functionalized Polymers. Polymer Bull, 1993, 30(2): 187-190
[28] 田慧洁，周锡煌，李福绵．碳笼烯的高分子化-苯乙烯-烯丙基胺共聚物与C_(60)反应．高分子学报，1995，(5)：614-617
[29] 田慧洁，陈立桅，姚光庆，金朝霞，李福绵．C_(60)与含烯丙基胺聚合物加成物的荧光行为．高分子学报，1996，(3)：357-360
[30] 陈彧，赵芸，蔡瑞芳，黄祖恩，方渊清，C_(60)-聚苯乙烯衍生物合成研究进展．功能高分子，1998，(2)：293～300．
[31] 汪长春，舒永，府寿宽．侧基上带有C_(60)基团的聚苯乙烯的合成．高等学校化学学报，1996，17(7)：1634-1637
[32] Liu B, Bunker C E, Sun Y P. Preparation and Characterization of Soluble Pendant [60] fullerene-Polystyrene Polymers. Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1996, (10): 1241-1242
[33] Weis C, Friedrich C, Mulhaupt R, Frey H.,Fullerene-End-Capped Polystyrenes,Monosubstituted Polymeric C_(60) Derivatives, Macromolecules, 1995, (28):403-405.
[34] Cloutet E, Gnanou Y, Fillaut J L, C_(60)-End-Capped Polystyrene Stars.. Chem Commun, 1996,(13):1565.
[35] Jennifer L. Logan, Randolph S., Duran, Daniel Taton, Stephanie Angot, Yves Gnanou, Synthesis of well-defined C_(60) end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) stars and linear analogues' Polymer Preprints, 1999, No. 1,125-126.
[36] Schroder C.,Fullerene Science and Technology v 9 n 3 August 2001 p 281-305 1064-122X
[37] Wooley K. L., Hawer C. J., Frechrt J. M. J., Fullerene-Bound Dendrimers :Soluble, Isolated Carbon Clusters, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115 (21):9836-9837
[38] Hawer C. J., Wooley K. L., Frechrt J. M. J.,Dandritic Fullernes;a New Approach to Polymer Modification of C_(60), J. Chem. Commun., 1994, (8):925-926.
[39] 喻凤银，周锡煌，李福绵．球壳烯与侧链含有给电子基团聚合物在光诱导下的电荷转移现象．高分子学报，1994，(5)：628-630
[40] 邱健，尹芊，杨华铨，姚光庆，李福绵．对-N,N-二甲氨基苯乙烯及其聚合物与碳-60的电荷转移现象．高分子学报，1996，(5)：608-611
[41] 邱健，姚光庆，周锡煌，李福绵．C_(60)与含受电子生色基团聚合物的电荷转移现象．高分子学报，1997，(3)：367-370
[42] Nagashima H.,Nakaola A.,Saitor Y.,C60Pdn:The Frist Organometallic Polymer of Buckminster-Fullerene,J.Chem. Soc.,Chem. Commun., 1992,(4):377-379
[43] Nagashima H.,Nakaola A.,Tajima S.,Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefins and Acetylenes Over C_(60)Pdn,Chem. Lett.,1992,(7):1361-1364
[44] Nagashima H.,Kato Y.,Yamaguchi H.,Kimuya E.,Kauanshi T.,Katom.,Saito Y.,Haga M.,Itoh K.,Synthesis and Reactions of Organoplatinum Compounds of C_(60),C_(60)Ptn,Chem. Lett., 1994,(7): 1207-1210
[45] Loy D A, Assink R A.,Synthesis of a C_(60)-P-Xylylene Copolymer. J Am Chem Soc, 1992, 114(10): 3977-3978
[46] Bunker C E, Lawson G E, Sun Y P, Fullerene-Styrene Random Copolymers ,Novel Optical Properties,Macromolecules, 1995, (28) :3744-3746.
[47] Cao T, Webber S E, Free Radical Copolymerization of Styrene and C60,Macromolecules, 1996, (29) :3826-3830.
[48] Sun Y P, Lawson G E, Bunker C E,Johnson R. A.,Ma Bin,Farmer C.,Riggs J.E.,Kitaygorodskiy A.,. Macromolecules, 1996,(29):8411-8448.
[49] Camp A G, Lary A, Ford W T, Free-Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene with C_(60),Macromolecules 1995,(28):7959.
[50] Stewart D , Imrie C T, Role of C60 to the Free Radical Polymerization of Styrene, Chem Commun, 1996,1383.
[51] Bergbreiter D E, Gray H N. Grafting of C_(60) onto Polyethylene Surfaces. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1993, (7): 645～646.
[52] Samulski E T, Desimone J M, Hunt M O Jr. Flageltenes: Nanphase-Separated, Polymer-Substituted Fullerenes. Chem Mater, 1992, 4(6): 1153～1157
[53] 汪长春，潘宝荣，府寿宽 C_(60)与聚苯乙烯活性种的反应 高等学校化学学报，1996，17(7)：1151～1153
[54] Yu, B. C.; Chen, Y.; Cai, R. F.; et al. Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel and starlike C_(60)(PMS)_x(CH_3)_x copolymer Eur. Polym. J., 1997,33:1049
[55] Chen Y, Yang D G, Yan X M, Huang Z E, Cai R F, Zhao Y, Chen S M. Preparation and Structural Characterization of a Star-shaped C_(60)H_xBTPVK_x Copolymer. Eur Polym J, 1998, 34(12): 1755-1762
[56] Y. Ederlé; C. Mathis Grafting of anionic polymers onto C_(60) in polar and nonpolar solvents Macromolecules, 1997,30:2546～2555
[57] Dimitris Pantazis; Stergios Pispas; Nikos Hadjichristidis Synthesis and stability of linear and star polymers containing [C_(60)] fullerene J. Polym. Sci, Part A: Polym. Chem.,2001,39:2494～2507
[58] Y. Ederlé; C. Mathis Carbanions on grafted C_(60) as initiators for anionic polymerization Macromolecules, 1997,30:4262～4267
[59] Y. Ederlé; C. Mathis Palm tree- and dumbbell-like polymer architectures based on C_(60) Macromolecules, 1999,32:554～558
[60] Y. Chen; Y. Zhao; R. Cai; Z. E. Huang; L. X. Xiao Anionic copolymerization of [60]fullerene with styrene initiated by sodium naphthalene J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phy., 1998(36):2653～2663
[61] Wang J. X.; Chen Y.; Xu X. H.Cai R. F.; Lithium camphor-initiated anionic polymerization of C_(60) and styrene, Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 1995(15):354～357
[62] Zheng, J; Cai, R. F.; Chen, Y. Synthesis and characterization of C_(60)-chemically modified PMMA FuDan XueBao 2000,39(4) :412～417
[63] 王锦山(WANG Jinshan)，原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)，海外高分子科学的新进展(New Devolop Of Macromolecular Science in Foreign)，北京：化学工业出版社(Beijing: Chemical Industry Press)，1997，p5
[64] B.B. Wayland, J.A. Charlton, Y.N, Pyrrole diimine copper complexes for initiation and control of atom transfer radical addition and polymerization processes, Polymer Preprints, 1999,40, No. 2, 307-308
[65] G. Moineau, C. Granel, Ph. Dubois, Contrlled Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated by an Alkyl Halide in the Presence of the Wilkinson Catalyst, Macromolecules, 1998,31,542-544
[66] Davidm, Haddleton, Carl Waterson, Phenolic Ester Based Initiators for Transition Metal Mediated Living Polymerization, Macromolecules, 1999,32,8732-8739
[67] G. Moineau, M. Minet, Ph. Dubois, Controled Radical Polymerization of (Meth)acrylates by Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization with NiBr_2(PPh_3)_2 as catalyst, Macromolecules, 1999,32,27-35
[68] G. Moineau, Ph. Dubois, R. Jerome, Alternative Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization for MMAusing FeC13 and AIBN in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine:An Easy Way to well-Controlled PMMA, Macromolecules, 1998,31,545-547
[69] Mircea Teodorescu, Scott G. Gaynor, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, halide Anions s Ligands in Iron-Mediated Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization ,Macromolecules, 2000,33,2335-2339
[70] Yuzo Kotani, MascniKamigaito, Mitsuo Sawamoto, FeCp(CO)_2I:A Phosphine-Free Halp-Metallocene-Type Iron(Ⅱ)catalyst for Living Radical Polymerization of Styrene, Macromolecules, 1999,32,6877-6880
[71] Yuzo Kotani, MascniKamigaito, Mitsuo Sawamoto, Re(V)-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization of Styree:ReO2I(PPh3)2 /R-I Initiating Systems, Macromolecules, 1999,32,2420-2424
[72] Kiyoshi Endo, Akitoshi Yachi, polymer Bulletin 46,363-369(2001)
[73] Ph. Lecomte, I. Drapier, Ph, Dubois, Ph Teyssie, Controlled Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in the presece of Palladium Acetate, Triphenylphodphine and Carbon Tetrachloride, Macromolecules, 1997,30,7631-7633
[74] Luo Ning, Wang Xiaosong, Ying Shengkong, The Controlled Radical Polymerization of styrene under the PPM level of Concentration of Cu(Ⅱ) and Rare Earth metal Heterbinuclear complexes, Polymer Preprints, 1999, No. 2,1055-1056
[75] Krzysztof Matyjaszewski,Controlling Polymer Structures by living radical polymerization,IUPAC WORLD POLYMER CONGRESS 2002,39th International Symposium on Macromolecules,Preprints,Part 1,8.
[76] Peng Zhou,Guang-Qiang Chen,Han Hong,Fu-Sheng Du,Zi-Chen Li,Fu-Mian Li, Synthesis of C_(60)-End-Bonded Polymers with Designed Molecular Weights and Narrow Molecular Weight Distributions viaATRP, Macromoleciles,2000,33,1948-1954
[77] F. Audouin,S.Nunige,R.Nuffer, C.Mathis,Grafting Polymers onto C_(60) Via an Atom Transfer Reaction,Synthetic Metal, 121 (2001) 1149-1150
[78] Li Lang, Wang Changchun, Long Zhaohui,Fu Shoukuan,J.Polym. Sci., Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2000, 38:4519-4523
[79] Chen,Y., Cai,R.F.,Huang,Z.E.,Wang J.X.,Synthesis,Characterization and Application of Soluble Fullerenated Polymer Materials,Chinese Journal of Chemistry ,2000,18:651-662
[80] Huang,Z.E.,Chen,Y., Cai,R.F.Cheng G.R.,Zhang F.P.,First Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium into Fullerenated Poly(N-Vinylcarbazole),J Appl Polym Sci, 1996,60(4):573-577
[81] Y Kojima, T Matsuoka, H Takahashi,T.Kurauchi,Optical Limiting Property of Polystyrene-Bound C_(60),Macromolecules, 1995,28:8868-8870
[82] Y Wang. Photoconductivity of futlerene-doped polymer. Nature, 1992, 356:595-587
[83] Y wang, R west,Ch H Yuan. Fullerene-doped polysilane photoconductor. J Am Chem. soc, 1993, 115:3844-3845
[84] G Yu, J Gao, J C Hummelen, Polymer photovoltaic cells: enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions. Science, 1995,270:1789-1791
[85] T Benincori, E Brenna, The first "charm bracelet" conjugated polymer: an electroconducting polythiophene with covalently bound fullerene moieties, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 1996, 35:648-651
[86] Y Wang, A suna. Fullerenes in photoconductive polymers: charge generation and charge t ransport,. J Phys Chem B, 1997, 101:5627-5632
[87] Y Chen. Research on polymerization and functional materializaion of [60]fullerene[D]. Ph D.Thesis(in English), Fudan University, Shanghai, 1996
[88] Y Chen, Z E Huang,R F Cai,The synthesis and characterization of soluble C_(60)-chemically modified poly(N-vinylcarbazole).J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 1996,34:631-640
[89] Y Chen, R F Cai,Z E Huang,Research on the photoconductivity and UV-visible absorption spectra of the first C_(60)-chemically modified poly(N-vinylcarbazole),Polym Bull, 1996,36:203-208
[90] Z E Huang,Y Chen, R F Cai,Photoconductivity and structural characterization of fullerenated PVKBr polymers,J Phys Chem Solids, 1997,58:107-114
[91] Y Chen, Z E Huang,R F Cai, Photoconductivity and paramagnetism of fullerene chemically modified polymers, J Appl Polym Sci, 1996,61:2185-2190
[92] Z E Huang,Y Chen, R F Cai,First electronchemical intercalation of lithium into fullerenated
poly(N-vinylcarbazole),J Appl Polym Sci, 1996,60:573-577
[93] S I Kawabe, T Kawai, R I Sugimoto, Electrochemical properties of fullerene derivative polymers as electrode materials. Jpn J Appl Phys, 1997,36:L1055-1058
[94] Martens,T. Goris,L.,Vrindts,V. Manca, J.Lutsen,L.De Ceuninck,W. Vanderzande,D. De Schepper, L. Gelan,J.Sariciftci,N.S.,Brabec,C.J.Munters,Tom., A comparison between state-of-the-art 'gilch' and 'sulphinyl' synthesised MDMO-PPV/PCBM bulk hetero-junction solar cells, Thin Solid Films, v 403,2002,247-251
[95] Y Wei, J Tian, A G Macdiarmid, Preparation and conductivities of fullerene-doped polyanilines.J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1993,603-604
[96] L Dai, J Lu, B Mattews, et al.doping of conducting polymers by sulfonated fullerene derivatives and dendrimers. J Phys Chem B, 1998, 102:4049-4053
[97] R Kohlman, V K limov, M grigorova, Ultrafast and nonlinear optical characterization of[47]Y P Sun, J E Riggs. Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties fo fullerene materials[J]. SPIE, 1997,3142:83-89
[98] Y Kojima, T Matsuoka, H Takahashi, Optical limiting properties of polystyrene-bound C_(60). Macromolecules, 1995, 28:8868-8870
[99] Y P Sun, J E Riggs. Non-linear absorption and optical limiting properties of fullerene materials. SPIE, 1997, 3142:83-93
[100] 彭汗，梁淑美，唐本忠，具可调光学性质的富勒烯聚合物，高分子学报，1997，314-317
[101] Lukich,Lewis Timothy;Duncan,Thomas Edwin;Lansinger, Colleen Marie,Use of fullerene carbon in curable rubber compounds,U.S.US5,750,615(C1.524-495;C08k3/04)12,May 1998,Appl.757,713,26Nov 1996; 13pp.
[102] Huan,Lan;Gu,Qian-Yi;He,Yuan-Kang;Luo,Guo-Bin;Zhao,Xin-Sheng;Cao,Wei-Xiao;Gaodeng Studies on microtribological property of the self-assembly films from diazo resin and C60-containing polyelectrolyte, Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao,2002,23(6), 1193-1197
[103] Murthy, C.N.;Choi,S.J.;Geckeler, K.E.,Nanoencapsulation of fullerene by a novel sugar-based polymer, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2002,2(2), 129-132.
[104] Liu Y, Chen Y Y, Sheng R S, Zhang X G C_(60)Pt_n对烯烃硅氢加成反应的催化．催化学报，1997，18(2)：91—92
[105] Serizawa S, Gabrielova I, Fujimoto T, Shiso T, Ichikana M. Catalytic Behavior of Alkali-metal Fullerides, C_(60)M_6 and C_(70)M_6 (M--Cs, K, Na), in H_2-D_2 Exchange and Olefin Hydrogenation. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1994, (7): 799-800
[106] Hongyao Xu, Ounhui Sun, Ben ghong Tang, Polymer Preprints, 1999, No. 2, 818-819
[107] 洪翰，周鹏，周锡煌，李福绵．乙烯基乙醚在C_(60)存在下的配位聚合．全国高分子学术论文
报告会论文集，合肥：中国科技大学，1997，a64
[108] 洪翰，周锡煌，李福绵．碳笼烯-60对Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化苯乙烯聚合的影响．高分子学报，1997，(4)：504-507
[109] 赵春英，陈滇宝，仲崇祺，董文寰，徐玲，唐学明．球笼烯(C_(60)/C_(70))载体钕系催化丁二烯聚合的研究．高分子学报，1996，(1)：102-105
[110] 赵春英，陈滇宝，仲崇祺，柳润平，徐玲，唐学明．碳笼(C_(60)/C_(70))载体钕系催化聚合丁二烯的研究．高分子学报，1996，(3)：361-364
[111] Chen D B, Zhong C Q, Xu L. Novel Homogeneous Fullerenes C_(60)-Supported Neodymium Catalyst for Butadiene Polymerization (Ⅰ). Preprints of the frst East Asian Polymer Conference, shanghai, China, 1995, 2288-2229
[112] Chen D B, Zhong C Q, Xu L. Novel Homogenrous Fullerenes C_(60)-Supported Neodymium Catalyst for Butadiene Polymerization (Ⅱ). Abstract of the 36th IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules, Seoul, Korea, 1996, 131
[113] 华静，陈滇宝，于永良。碳笼烯(C_(60)/C_(70))载体钕系催化异戊二烯聚合．高分子学报．1998，6：679-685
[114] 华静，陈滇宝，仲崇祺．碳笼烯钕系催化异戊二烯聚合动力学行为．合成橡胶工业．1999，22(6)：355-357
[115] Chen D B, Hua J, Liu X. Fullerenes C_(60)/C_(70) Support Neodymium Catalyst for Novel Polydiolefin Preparation. Preprints of the second East Asian Polymer Conference, HongKong, 1999, 170
[116] 华静，于永良，杨增国，陈滇宝，仲崇祺．碳笼烯(C_(60)/C_(70)及其衍生物)钕系催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚合初探．全国高分子学术论文报告会论文集，合肥：中国科技大学，1997，a130
[117] 陈滇宝，刘欣，华静．碳笼烯(C_(60)/C_(70)及其衍生物)钕系催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚合．98中国材料研讨会论文摘要集(上)．北京，1998，110
[118] Chen D B, Hua J, Meng F T. Application of Fullerenes Catalyst to polymer Synthesis. ASIA Polymer Symposium (APOSFM/2001), Toyohashi, Japan, 2001, 33-G, 54-55
[119] 陈滇宝，于永良，王利峡，冷恩滨，仲崇祺，唐学明．C_(60)X/BCl_3/AlEt_2Cl催化异丁烯聚合．合成橡胶工业，1997，20(40)：215-217
[120] 陈滇宝，李绍军，杨洲，TiCl_4-C_(60)Cl_n催化体系引发异丁烯正离子聚合．合成橡胶工业，1999，22(5)：288-290
[121] Chen D B, Yang Z, Li S J. Three-and two-branched Polystyrene architectures based on C_(60) by using C_(60)/C_(60)X/TiCl_4 cationic catalysts. 合成橡胶工业, 2000, 23(4): 237
[122] 陈滇宝，李绍军，杨洲．C_(60)X_n/TiCl_4催化剂引发异丁烯、苯乙烯阳离子聚合．98中国材料研
讨会论文摘要集(上)．北京，1998，109
[123] George A. Olah, Imre Bucsi, Christian Lambert, Robert Aniszfeld, Nirupam J. Trivedi, Dilip K. Sensharma, G. K. Surya Prakash, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9385-9387
[124] Wignall G D, Affholter K A, Bunich G J. Synthesis and SANS Structural Characterization of Polymer-substituted Fullerenes (Flagellenes). Macromolecules, 1995, 28(18): 6000～6006
[125] 利帕托夫，聚合物物理化学手册，第一卷，中国石化出版社，88
[126] Virgil Percec, Bogdan Barboiu, Andreas Neumann, Joan C,Ronda, and Mingyang Zhao,Metal-Catalyzed"Living"Radical Polymerization of Styrene Initiated with Arenesulfonyl Chloride,From Heterogeneous to Homogeneous Catalysis,Macromolecules 1996,29,3665-3668.
[127] Ya-Ping Sun, Glenn E. Lawson, Christopher E. Bunker, Russel A. Johnson, Bin Ma, Christen Farmer, Jason E. Figgs, Alex Kitaygorodskiy, Preparation and Characterization of Fullerene-Styrene Copolymer, Macromolecules, 1996, 29, 8441-8448
[128] F. Audouin, S. Nunige, R. Nuffer, C. Mathis, Grafing polymers onto C_(60) via an atom transfer reaction, Synthetic Metals, 2001, 121, 1149-1150
[129] Cao,T.;Webber, S.E.Free-Radical Copolymerization of Fullerenes with Styrene,Macromolecules, 1995,28,3741-3743.
[130] 乔锦丽，袁小瑛，晋卫军，富勒烯C_(60)与二乙胺电荷转移配合物的吸光及发光特性研究，山西大学学报(自然科学版)21(2)：147-152,1998
[131] 汪长春，府寿宽，C60与苯乙烯共聚物的制备及光电导性能的研究，功能高分子学报，1999，(12)247-250
[132] RHYS N. THOMAS, Fullerenated Carbazole Polymers Via Bromination, Journal of Polymer Science :Part A:Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 32, 2739-2743 (1994)
[133] Huang Z. E., Chen Y., Cai R. F. ,Ma W.,Hou X., Shao Q., Zhao F., Fu D., Shi G., Sheng X., Jin W., Wang S. T., Pan D. C., J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1997, 58, 107
[134] Chen Y., Huang Z.E., Cai R.F., Fu D., Hou X.,Yan X.,Chen S., Pan D.C., Wang S.T.,Photoconductivity and paramagnetism of Fullerene Chemically Modified Polymers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1996, 61, 2185-2190
[135] Fagan. P. J.,Krusic P.J.,Evans D.H.,Lerke S.A.,Johnson E.,Synthesis, Chemistry and Properties of a Monoalkylated Buckminster Fullerene Drivatives t-Bu C_(60) Anion,J.Am. Chem. Soc., 1992,114,9697-9699.
[136] Chen,Y., Huang. Z.E., Cai. R.F., Kong,S.Q., Chen. S.,Shao, Q.,Yan. X., Zhao. F.D., Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble C_(60)-Chemically Modified Poly(p-bromostyrene,J.Polym. Sci.A Poly.
Chem., 1996,34,3297-3302
[137] Wang J.S., Mastyjaszewsi K.," Living"/Controlled Radical Polymerization. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in the Presence of a Conventional Radical Initiator, Macromolecules, 1995, 28, 7572-7573
[138] Woodworth B E,Metzner Z,Matyjaszewski K. Copper Triflate as a Catalyst in Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Acrylate, Macromolecules, 1998,31:7999-8004
[139] Zhu S M,Yan D Y., Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization of Methylmethacrylate Catalyzed by Iron~Ⅱ Chlorided Isophthalic Acid System, Macromolecules,2000,33:8233-8238
[140] Perec V, Barboiu B,Neumann A,Ronda J C,Zhao M Y.,Metal-Catalyzed "Living"Radical Polymerization of styrene Initiated with Arenesulfonyl Chlorides,From Heterogeneous to Homigeneous Cartalysis,Macromolecules, 1996,29:3665-3668
[141] Senoo M,Kotani Y, Kamigaito M,Sawamoto M,Living Radical Polymerization of N,N-Dimethylacrylamide with RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3-Based Initiating Systems, Macromolecules, 1999,32:8005-8009
[142] Uegaki H,Kamigaito M, Sawamoto M.The Living Radical Polymerization of Methacrylate with a zero valent Nickel Complex,Ni(PPh_3)_4,J Polym Sci Poly Chem, 1999,37:3003-3009
[143] Granel C, DuboisP, Jerome R,Teyssie P. Controlled Radical Polymerization of Methanacrylic Monomers in the Presence of a Bis(ortho-chelated)Arylnickel(Ⅱ)Complex and Different Activated Alkyl Halides, Macromolecules, 1996,29:8576-8582
[144] Wu X F, raser C L. Architectural Diversity Via Metal Template-Assisted Polymer Synthesis:A Macroligand Chelation Approach to Linear and Star-shaped Polymerit Ruthenium Tris(bipyridine) Complexes,Macromolecules,2000,33:4053-4046
[145] Johnson R M,Corbin P S,Ng Cfraser C L, Poly(methylmethacrylates) with Ruthenium Tris(bipyridine) Cores Via NiB r2(PR3)2-Catakyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization,Macromolecules,2000,33:7404-7412
[146] Wu X F, raser C L.The Importance of Macroligand Molecular Weight and Solvent Polarity in Modulating Metal Core Reactivity in Hetroleptic Polymeric Ruthenium Tris(bipyridine)Complex Synthesis, Macromolecules,2000,33:7776-7785
[147] Qin S H,Qin K Y, Swift G, Westmoreland D G, Wu S."Living Radical Polymerization of Methyl methacrylate with Diethyl 2,3-Dicyano-2,3-Diphenylsuscinate as a Thermal Iniferter, J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 1999,37:4610-4615
[148] 秦东奇，钦曙辉，丘坤元，镍体系(NiCl_2/PPh_3)催化的反向原子转移自由基聚合，高分子学报，2002(1)，108，112
[149] Martin T P, Naher U,Schaber H, Clusters of fullerene molecules ,Phys Rev Lett, 1993,70,3079
[150] Beeby A,Eastoe J,Heenan R K,Solubilisation of C_(60) in Agueous micellar Solution,Chem Commun, 1994,173-175
[151] Sun Y-P, Ma B,Bunker C E,Liu B.,All-Carbon Polymers(Polyfullerenes) from photochemical Reactions of fullerene Clusters in Room-Temperature Solvent Mixtures,J Am Chem Soc, 1995,117,12705
[152] 王玉荣，刘惠明，潘治元，顾明初．星型中乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶的研制．合成橡胶工业．1987，10(3)：192～196
[153] Wignall G D, Affholter K A, Bunich G J. Synthesis and SANS Structural Characterization of Polymer-substituted Fullerenes (Flagellenes). Macromolecules, 1995, 28(18): 6000～6006
[154] 金关泰，金日光，汤宗汤．热塑性弹性体．北京：化学工业出版社，1983，51～79
[2] 张军，薛群基，杜祖亮，朱自强，吴清柱．富勒烯LB膜结构与其摩擦学性能．中国科学(B辑)，1995，25(3)：253～257
[3] Zhou O, Fischer J E, Coustel N, Kycia S, Zhu Q. Structure and Bonding in Alkali-Metal-Doped C_(60). Nature, 1991, 351:223
[4] Hale P D. Discrete-Variational-X α Electronic Structure Studies of the Spherical C_(60) Cluster: Prediction of Ionization Potential and Electronic Transition Energy. J Am Chem Soc, 1986, 108: 6087
[5] Yoshitsugu Kojima, Takaaki Matsuoka, Hideroh Takahashi. Optical Limiting Property of Polystyrene-Bound C_(60). Macromolecules, 1995, 28(26): 8868～8869
[6] Hauffler R E, Conceicao J, Chibante L P F. Efficient Production of C_(60) (Buckminsterfullerene), C_(60)H_(36), and the Solvated Buckide Ion. J Phys Chem, 1990,94(24): 8634-8636
[7] Olah G A, Bucsi I, Lambert C, Aniszfeld R, Trived N J, Sensharma D. Chlorination and Bromination of Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc, 1991, 113(24): 9385-9387
[8] Creegan K M,Robbins J L ,Robbins W K,Millar J. M.,Sherwood R.D.,Tindall P.J.,Cox D.M.,Synthesis and Characterization of C60,The Frist Fullerene Epoxide,. J Am Chem Soc, 1992,114(3): 1103～1105.
[9] 林永生，吴振奕，詹梦熊，郑兰荪．球烯配合物的研究进展．化学通报，1996，(9)：5～9
[10] Chuang,C.W. Shih,J.S., Preparation and application of immobilized C_(60)-glucose oxidase enzyme in fullerene C60-coated piezoelectric quartz crystal glucose sensor ,Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical v 81 n 1 2001 , 1-8
[11] Frideman S H, Decamp D L, Sijbesma R P, Srdanor G, Wudl F, Kenyon G L. Inhibition of the HIV-1 Protease by Fullerene Derivatives: Model Building Studies and Experimental Verification. J Am Chem Soc, 1993, 115:6506～6509
[12] James W, Arbogast,Aleksander P. Darmanyan,Christopher S.Foote,Yves Rubin,Francois N.Diederich,Marcos M.Alvarez, Samir J.Anz,R.L.Whetten,Photophysical Properties of C_(60),J.Phys.Chem. 1991,95,11 - 12
[13] Roger Taylor, David R.M.Walton, The Chemistry of Fullerenes,Nature, 1993,363:685
[14] H W Gibson,Control of Electrical Properties of Polymers by Chemical Modification,Polymer, 1984,25:3-27
[15] 陈或，徐晓鸿，王静霞，肖丽香，蔡瑞芳，黄祖恩，富勒烯功能高分子材料的制备和性能研究，功能高分子学报，1999,4：470-478
[16] Rao A M,Zhou P, Wang K A,Hager G.T.,Holden J.M.,Wang Y.,Lee W.T.,Bi X.X.,Eklund P.C.,Coknett D.S.,Duncan M.A.,Amster I.J.,Photoinduced Polymerization of Solid C60 Films, Science, 1993,259(5097):955～957.
[17] Cornett D S,Amster I J,Duncan M A, J Phys Lett, 1993,97(19):5036～5039.
[18] Zhou P, Dong Z H, Rao A M,Eklund P.C. Reaction Mechanism for the Photopolymerization of Solid Fullerene C_(60), Chem Phys Lett, 1993,211 (4-5):337～340.
[19] Wang Y, Holden J M, Dong Z H,Bi X.X.,Eklund P.C.,Photo-dimerization kinetics in Solid C60 Films, Chem Phys Lett, 1993,211(4-5):341～345.
[201 Wang Y, Holden J M,Bi X X,Photo-dimerization Kinetics in Solid C_(60) Films. Chem Phys Lett, 1994,217(4):413～417.
[21] Strout D L, Murry R L, Xu C H,Eckhoff W.C.,Odom G.K.,Scuseria G.E.,A Theoretical Study of Buckminster Fullerene Reaction Products:C_(60)+C_(60)., Chem Phys Lett, 1993,214(6):576～582.
[22] Sun Y P, Ms B, Bunker C E,Liu B.,All-Carbon Polymers (Polyfullerenes)from Photochemical Reactions of Fullerene Clusters in Room-Temperature Solvent Mixtures, J Am Chem Soc, 1995,117(50): 12705～12711.
[23] Franco Cataldo,Ramman Spectra of C60 Fullerene Photopolymers Prepared in Solution,European Polymer Journal,2000,36(2):653-656.
[24] Long,V.C. Musfeldt, J.L.Kamaras,K.Iwasa,Y. Mayo,W.E.,Ferroelectrics v 249 n 1-2 Jun 21-25 1999 2001 p 135-144 0015-0193
[25] Shi S, Khemani K C, Li Q C, Wudl F. A Polyester and Polyurethane of Diphenyl C_(60) Retention of Fulleroid Properties in a Polymer. J Am Chem Soc, 1992, 114(26): 10656-10657
[26] Geckeler K E, Hirsch A. Polymer-Bound C_(60). J Am Chem Soc, 1993, 115(9): 3850-3851
[27] Patil A O, Schriver G W, Carstensen B, Lundberg R D. Fullerene Functionalized Polymers. Polymer Bull, 1993, 30(2): 187-190
[28] 田慧洁，周锡煌，李福绵．碳笼烯的高分子化-苯乙烯-烯丙基胺共聚物与C_(60)反应．高分子学报，1995，(5)：614-617
[29] 田慧洁，陈立桅，姚光庆，金朝霞，李福绵．C_(60)与含烯丙基胺聚合物加成物的荧光行为．高分子学报，1996，(3)：357-360
[30] 陈彧，赵芸，蔡瑞芳，黄祖恩，方渊清，C_(60)-聚苯乙烯衍生物合成研究进展．功能高分子，1998，(2)：293～300．
[31] 汪长春，舒永，府寿宽．侧基上带有C_(60)基团的聚苯乙烯的合成．高等学校化学学报，1996，17(7)：1634-1637
[32] Liu B, Bunker C E, Sun Y P. Preparation and Characterization of Soluble Pendant [60] fullerene-Polystyrene Polymers. Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1996, (10): 1241-1242
[33] Weis C, Friedrich C, Mulhaupt R, Frey H.,Fullerene-End-Capped Polystyrenes,Monosubstituted Polymeric C_(60) Derivatives, Macromolecules, 1995, (28):403-405.
[34] Cloutet E, Gnanou Y, Fillaut J L, C_(60)-End-Capped Polystyrene Stars.. Chem Commun, 1996,(13):1565.
[35] Jennifer L. Logan, Randolph S., Duran, Daniel Taton, Stephanie Angot, Yves Gnanou, Synthesis of well-defined C_(60) end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) stars and linear analogues' Polymer Preprints, 1999, No. 1,125-126.
[36] Schroder C.,Fullerene Science and Technology v 9 n 3 August 2001 p 281-305 1064-122X
[37] Wooley K. L., Hawer C. J., Frechrt J. M. J., Fullerene-Bound Dendrimers :Soluble, Isolated Carbon Clusters, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115 (21):9836-9837
[38] Hawer C. J., Wooley K. L., Frechrt J. M. J.,Dandritic Fullernes;a New Approach to Polymer Modification of C_(60), J. Chem. Commun., 1994, (8):925-926.
[39] 喻凤银，周锡煌，李福绵．球壳烯与侧链含有给电子基团聚合物在光诱导下的电荷转移现象．高分子学报，1994，(5)：628-630
[40] 邱健，尹芊，杨华铨，姚光庆，李福绵．对-N,N-二甲氨基苯乙烯及其聚合物与碳-60的电荷转移现象．高分子学报，1996，(5)：608-611
[41] 邱健，姚光庆，周锡煌，李福绵．C_(60)与含受电子生色基团聚合物的电荷转移现象．高分子学报，1997，(3)：367-370
[42] Nagashima H.,Nakaola A.,Saitor Y.,C60Pdn:The Frist Organometallic Polymer of Buckminster-Fullerene,J.Chem. Soc.,Chem. Commun., 1992,(4):377-379
[43] Nagashima H.,Nakaola A.,Tajima S.,Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefins and Acetylenes Over C_(60)Pdn,Chem. Lett.,1992,(7):1361-1364
[44] Nagashima H.,Kato Y.,Yamaguchi H.,Kimuya E.,Kauanshi T.,Katom.,Saito Y.,Haga M.,Itoh K.,Synthesis and Reactions of Organoplatinum Compounds of C_(60),C_(60)Ptn,Chem. Lett., 1994,(7): 1207-1210
[45] Loy D A, Assink R A.,Synthesis of a C_(60)-P-Xylylene Copolymer. J Am Chem Soc, 1992, 114(10): 3977-3978
[46] Bunker C E, Lawson G E, Sun Y P, Fullerene-Styrene Random Copolymers ,Novel Optical Properties,Macromolecules, 1995, (28) :3744-3746.
[47] Cao T, Webber S E, Free Radical Copolymerization of Styrene and C60,Macromolecules, 1996, (29) :3826-3830.
[48] Sun Y P, Lawson G E, Bunker C E,Johnson R. A.,Ma Bin,Farmer C.,Riggs J.E.,Kitaygorodskiy A.,. Macromolecules, 1996,(29):8411-8448.
[49] Camp A G, Lary A, Ford W T, Free-Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene with C_(60),Macromolecules 1995,(28):7959.
[50] Stewart D , Imrie C T, Role of C60 to the Free Radical Polymerization of Styrene, Chem Commun, 1996,1383.
[51] Bergbreiter D E, Gray H N. Grafting of C_(60) onto Polyethylene Surfaces. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1993, (7): 645～646.
[52] Samulski E T, Desimone J M, Hunt M O Jr. Flageltenes: Nanphase-Separated, Polymer-Substituted Fullerenes. Chem Mater, 1992, 4(6): 1153～1157
[53] 汪长春，潘宝荣，府寿宽 C_(60)与聚苯乙烯活性种的反应 高等学校化学学报，1996，17(7)：1151～1153
[54] Yu, B. C.; Chen, Y.; Cai, R. F.; et al. Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel and starlike C_(60)(PMS)_x(CH_3)_x copolymer Eur. Polym. J., 1997,33:1049
[55] Chen Y, Yang D G, Yan X M, Huang Z E, Cai R F, Zhao Y, Chen S M. Preparation and Structural Characterization of a Star-shaped C_(60)H_xBTPVK_x Copolymer. Eur Polym J, 1998, 34(12): 1755-1762
[56] Y. Ederlé; C. Mathis Grafting of anionic polymers onto C_(60) in polar and nonpolar solvents Macromolecules, 1997,30:2546～2555
[57] Dimitris Pantazis; Stergios Pispas; Nikos Hadjichristidis Synthesis and stability of linear and star polymers containing [C_(60)] fullerene J. Polym. Sci, Part A: Polym. Chem.,2001,39:2494～2507
[58] Y. Ederlé; C. Mathis Carbanions on grafted C_(60) as initiators for anionic polymerization Macromolecules, 1997,30:4262～4267
[59] Y. Ederlé; C. Mathis Palm tree- and dumbbell-like polymer architectures based on C_(60) Macromolecules, 1999,32:554～558
[60] Y. Chen; Y. Zhao; R. Cai; Z. E. Huang; L. X. Xiao Anionic copolymerization of [60]fullerene with styrene initiated by sodium naphthalene J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phy., 1998(36):2653～2663
[61] Wang J. X.; Chen Y.; Xu X. H.Cai R. F.; Lithium camphor-initiated anionic polymerization of C_(60) and styrene, Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 1995(15):354～357
[62] Zheng, J; Cai, R. F.; Chen, Y. Synthesis and characterization of C_(60)-chemically modified PMMA FuDan XueBao 2000,39(4) :412～417
[63] 王锦山(WANG Jinshan)，原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)，海外高分子科学的新进展(New Devolop Of Macromolecular Science in Foreign)，北京：化学工业出版社(Beijing: Chemical Industry Press)，1997，p5
[64] B.B. Wayland, J.A. Charlton, Y.N, Pyrrole diimine copper complexes for initiation and control of atom transfer radical addition and polymerization processes, Polymer Preprints, 1999,40, No. 2, 307-308
[65] G. Moineau, C. Granel, Ph. Dubois, Contrlled Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated by an Alkyl Halide in the Presence of the Wilkinson Catalyst, Macromolecules, 1998,31,542-544
[66] Davidm, Haddleton, Carl Waterson, Phenolic Ester Based Initiators for Transition Metal Mediated Living Polymerization, Macromolecules, 1999,32,8732-8739
[67] G. Moineau, M. Minet, Ph. Dubois, Controled Radical Polymerization of (Meth)acrylates by Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization with NiBr_2(PPh_3)_2 as catalyst, Macromolecules, 1999,32,27-35
[68] G. Moineau, Ph. Dubois, R. Jerome, Alternative Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization for MMAusing FeC13 and AIBN in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine:An Easy Way to well-Controlled PMMA, Macromolecules, 1998,31,545-547
[69] Mircea Teodorescu, Scott G. Gaynor, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, halide Anions s Ligands in Iron-Mediated Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization ,Macromolecules, 2000,33,2335-2339
[70] Yuzo Kotani, MascniKamigaito, Mitsuo Sawamoto, FeCp(CO)_2I:A Phosphine-Free Halp-Metallocene-Type Iron(Ⅱ)catalyst for Living Radical Polymerization of Styrene, Macromolecules, 1999,32,6877-6880
[71] Yuzo Kotani, MascniKamigaito, Mitsuo Sawamoto, Re(V)-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization of Styree:ReO2I(PPh3)2 /R-I Initiating Systems, Macromolecules, 1999,32,2420-2424
[72] Kiyoshi Endo, Akitoshi Yachi, polymer Bulletin 46,363-369(2001)
[73] Ph. Lecomte, I. Drapier, Ph, Dubois, Ph Teyssie, Controlled Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in the presece of Palladium Acetate, Triphenylphodphine and Carbon Tetrachloride, Macromolecules, 1997,30,7631-7633
[74] Luo Ning, Wang Xiaosong, Ying Shengkong, The Controlled Radical Polymerization of styrene under the PPM level of Concentration of Cu(Ⅱ) and Rare Earth metal Heterbinuclear complexes, Polymer Preprints, 1999, No. 2,1055-1056
[75] Krzysztof Matyjaszewski,Controlling Polymer Structures by living radical polymerization,IUPAC WORLD POLYMER CONGRESS 2002,39th International Symposium on Macromolecules,Preprints,Part 1,8.
[76] Peng Zhou,Guang-Qiang Chen,Han Hong,Fu-Sheng Du,Zi-Chen Li,Fu-Mian Li, Synthesis of C_(60)-End-Bonded Polymers with Designed Molecular Weights and Narrow Molecular Weight Distributions viaATRP, Macromoleciles,2000,33,1948-1954
[77] F. Audouin,S.Nunige,R.Nuffer, C.Mathis,Grafting Polymers onto C_(60) Via an Atom Transfer Reaction,Synthetic Metal, 121 (2001) 1149-1150
[78] Li Lang, Wang Changchun, Long Zhaohui,Fu Shoukuan,J.Polym. Sci., Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2000, 38:4519-4523
[79] Chen,Y., Cai,R.F.,Huang,Z.E.,Wang J.X.,Synthesis,Characterization and Application of Soluble Fullerenated Polymer Materials,Chinese Journal of Chemistry ,2000,18:651-662
[80] Huang,Z.E.,Chen,Y., Cai,R.F.Cheng G.R.,Zhang F.P.,First Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium into Fullerenated Poly(N-Vinylcarbazole),J Appl Polym Sci, 1996,60(4):573-577
[81] Y Kojima, T Matsuoka, H Takahashi,T.Kurauchi,Optical Limiting Property of Polystyrene-Bound C_(60),Macromolecules, 1995,28:8868-8870
[82] Y Wang. Photoconductivity of futlerene-doped polymer. Nature, 1992, 356:595-587
[83] Y wang, R west,Ch H Yuan. Fullerene-doped polysilane photoconductor. J Am Chem. soc, 1993, 115:3844-3845
[84] G Yu, J Gao, J C Hummelen, Polymer photovoltaic cells: enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions. Science, 1995,270:1789-1791
[85] T Benincori, E Brenna, The first "charm bracelet" conjugated polymer: an electroconducting polythiophene with covalently bound fullerene moieties, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 1996, 35:648-651
[86] Y Wang, A suna. Fullerenes in photoconductive polymers: charge generation and charge t ransport,. J Phys Chem B, 1997, 101:5627-5632
[87] Y Chen. Research on polymerization and functional materializaion of [60]fullerene[D]. Ph D.Thesis(in English), Fudan University, Shanghai, 1996
[88] Y Chen, Z E Huang,R F Cai,The synthesis and characterization of soluble C_(60)-chemically modified poly(N-vinylcarbazole).J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 1996,34:631-640
[89] Y Chen, R F Cai,Z E Huang,Research on the photoconductivity and UV-visible absorption spectra of the first C_(60)-chemically modified poly(N-vinylcarbazole),Polym Bull, 1996,36:203-208
[90] Z E Huang,Y Chen, R F Cai,Photoconductivity and structural characterization of fullerenated PVKBr polymers,J Phys Chem Solids, 1997,58:107-114
[91] Y Chen, Z E Huang,R F Cai, Photoconductivity and paramagnetism of fullerene chemically modified polymers, J Appl Polym Sci, 1996,61:2185-2190
[92] Z E Huang,Y Chen, R F Cai,First electronchemical intercalation of lithium into fullerenated
poly(N-vinylcarbazole),J Appl Polym Sci, 1996,60:573-577
[93] S I Kawabe, T Kawai, R I Sugimoto, Electrochemical properties of fullerene derivative polymers as electrode materials. Jpn J Appl Phys, 1997,36:L1055-1058
[94] Martens,T. Goris,L.,Vrindts,V. Manca, J.Lutsen,L.De Ceuninck,W. Vanderzande,D. De Schepper, L. Gelan,J.Sariciftci,N.S.,Brabec,C.J.Munters,Tom., A comparison between state-of-the-art 'gilch' and 'sulphinyl' synthesised MDMO-PPV/PCBM bulk hetero-junction solar cells, Thin Solid Films, v 403,2002,247-251
[95] Y Wei, J Tian, A G Macdiarmid, Preparation and conductivities of fullerene-doped polyanilines.J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1993,603-604
[96] L Dai, J Lu, B Mattews, et al.doping of conducting polymers by sulfonated fullerene derivatives and dendrimers. J Phys Chem B, 1998, 102:4049-4053
[97] R Kohlman, V K limov, M grigorova, Ultrafast and nonlinear optical characterization of[47]Y P Sun, J E Riggs. Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties fo fullerene materials[J]. SPIE, 1997,3142:83-89
[98] Y Kojima, T Matsuoka, H Takahashi, Optical limiting properties of polystyrene-bound C_(60). Macromolecules, 1995, 28:8868-8870
[99] Y P Sun, J E Riggs. Non-linear absorption and optical limiting properties of fullerene materials. SPIE, 1997, 3142:83-93
[100] 彭汗，梁淑美，唐本忠，具可调光学性质的富勒烯聚合物，高分子学报，1997，314-317
[101] Lukich,Lewis Timothy;Duncan,Thomas Edwin;Lansinger, Colleen Marie,Use of fullerene carbon in curable rubber compounds,U.S.US5,750,615(C1.524-495;C08k3/04)12,May 1998,Appl.757,713,26Nov 1996; 13pp.
[102] Huan,Lan;Gu,Qian-Yi;He,Yuan-Kang;Luo,Guo-Bin;Zhao,Xin-Sheng;Cao,Wei-Xiao;Gaodeng Studies on microtribological property of the self-assembly films from diazo resin and C60-containing polyelectrolyte, Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao,2002,23(6), 1193-1197
[103] Murthy, C.N.;Choi,S.J.;Geckeler, K.E.,Nanoencapsulation of fullerene by a novel sugar-based polymer, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2002,2(2), 129-132.
[104] Liu Y, Chen Y Y, Sheng R S, Zhang X G C_(60)Pt_n对烯烃硅氢加成反应的催化．催化学报，1997，18(2)：91—92
[105] Serizawa S, Gabrielova I, Fujimoto T, Shiso T, Ichikana M. Catalytic Behavior of Alkali-metal Fullerides, C_(60)M_6 and C_(70)M_6 (M--Cs, K, Na), in H_2-D_2 Exchange and Olefin Hydrogenation. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1994, (7): 799-800
[106] Hongyao Xu, Ounhui Sun, Ben ghong Tang, Polymer Preprints, 1999, No. 2, 818-819
[107] 洪翰，周鹏，周锡煌，李福绵．乙烯基乙醚在C_(60)存在下的配位聚合．全国高分子学术论文
报告会论文集，合肥：中国科技大学，1997，a64
[108] 洪翰，周锡煌，李福绵．碳笼烯-60对Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化苯乙烯聚合的影响．高分子学报，1997，(4)：504-507
[109] 赵春英，陈滇宝，仲崇祺，董文寰，徐玲，唐学明．球笼烯(C_(60)/C_(70))载体钕系催化丁二烯聚合的研究．高分子学报，1996，(1)：102-105
[110] 赵春英，陈滇宝，仲崇祺，柳润平，徐玲，唐学明．碳笼(C_(60)/C_(70))载体钕系催化聚合丁二烯的研究．高分子学报，1996，(3)：361-364
[111] Chen D B, Zhong C Q, Xu L. Novel Homogeneous Fullerenes C_(60)-Supported Neodymium Catalyst for Butadiene Polymerization (Ⅰ). Preprints of the frst East Asian Polymer Conference, shanghai, China, 1995, 2288-2229
[112] Chen D B, Zhong C Q, Xu L. Novel Homogenrous Fullerenes C_(60)-Supported Neodymium Catalyst for Butadiene Polymerization (Ⅱ). Abstract of the 36th IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules, Seoul, Korea, 1996, 131
[113] 华静，陈滇宝，于永良。碳笼烯(C_(60)/C_(70))载体钕系催化异戊二烯聚合．高分子学报．1998，6：679-685
[114] 华静，陈滇宝，仲崇祺．碳笼烯钕系催化异戊二烯聚合动力学行为．合成橡胶工业．1999，22(6)：355-357
[115] Chen D B, Hua J, Liu X. Fullerenes C_(60)/C_(70) Support Neodymium Catalyst for Novel Polydiolefin Preparation. Preprints of the second East Asian Polymer Conference, HongKong, 1999, 170
[116] 华静，于永良，杨增国，陈滇宝，仲崇祺．碳笼烯(C_(60)/C_(70)及其衍生物)钕系催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚合初探．全国高分子学术论文报告会论文集，合肥：中国科技大学，1997，a130
[117] 陈滇宝，刘欣，华静．碳笼烯(C_(60)/C_(70)及其衍生物)钕系催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚合．98中国材料研讨会论文摘要集(上)．北京，1998，110
[118] Chen D B, Hua J, Meng F T. Application of Fullerenes Catalyst to polymer Synthesis. ASIA Polymer Symposium (APOSFM/2001), Toyohashi, Japan, 2001, 33-G, 54-55
[119] 陈滇宝，于永良，王利峡，冷恩滨，仲崇祺，唐学明．C_(60)X/BCl_3/AlEt_2Cl催化异丁烯聚合．合成橡胶工业，1997，20(40)：215-217
[120] 陈滇宝，李绍军，杨洲，TiCl_4-C_(60)Cl_n催化体系引发异丁烯正离子聚合．合成橡胶工业，1999，22(5)：288-290
[121] Chen D B, Yang Z, Li S J. Three-and two-branched Polystyrene architectures based on C_(60) by using C_(60)/C_(60)X/TiCl_4 cationic catalysts. 合成橡胶工业, 2000, 23(4): 237
[122] 陈滇宝，李绍军，杨洲．C_(60)X_n/TiCl_4催化剂引发异丁烯、苯乙烯阳离子聚合．98中国材料研
讨会论文摘要集(上)．北京，1998，109
[123] George A. Olah, Imre Bucsi, Christian Lambert, Robert Aniszfeld, Nirupam J. Trivedi, Dilip K. Sensharma, G. K. Surya Prakash, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9385-9387
[124] Wignall G D, Affholter K A, Bunich G J. Synthesis and SANS Structural Characterization of Polymer-substituted Fullerenes (Flagellenes). Macromolecules, 1995, 28(18): 6000～6006
[125] 利帕托夫，聚合物物理化学手册，第一卷，中国石化出版社，88
[126] Virgil Percec, Bogdan Barboiu, Andreas Neumann, Joan C,Ronda, and Mingyang Zhao,Metal-Catalyzed"Living"Radical Polymerization of Styrene Initiated with Arenesulfonyl Chloride,From Heterogeneous to Homogeneous Catalysis,Macromolecules 1996,29,3665-3668.
[127] Ya-Ping Sun, Glenn E. Lawson, Christopher E. Bunker, Russel A. Johnson, Bin Ma, Christen Farmer, Jason E. Figgs, Alex Kitaygorodskiy, Preparation and Characterization of Fullerene-Styrene Copolymer, Macromolecules, 1996, 29, 8441-8448
[128] F. Audouin, S. Nunige, R. Nuffer, C. Mathis, Grafing polymers onto C_(60) via an atom transfer reaction, Synthetic Metals, 2001, 121, 1149-1150
[129] Cao,T.;Webber, S.E.Free-Radical Copolymerization of Fullerenes with Styrene,Macromolecules, 1995,28,3741-3743.
[130] 乔锦丽，袁小瑛，晋卫军，富勒烯C_(60)与二乙胺电荷转移配合物的吸光及发光特性研究，山西大学学报(自然科学版)21(2)：147-152,1998
[131] 汪长春，府寿宽，C60与苯乙烯共聚物的制备及光电导性能的研究，功能高分子学报，1999，(12)247-250
[132] RHYS N. THOMAS, Fullerenated Carbazole Polymers Via Bromination, Journal of Polymer Science :Part A:Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 32, 2739-2743 (1994)
[133] Huang Z. E., Chen Y., Cai R. F. ,Ma W.,Hou X., Shao Q., Zhao F., Fu D., Shi G., Sheng X., Jin W., Wang S. T., Pan D. C., J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1997, 58, 107
[134] Chen Y., Huang Z.E., Cai R.F., Fu D., Hou X.,Yan X.,Chen S., Pan D.C., Wang S.T.,Photoconductivity and paramagnetism of Fullerene Chemically Modified Polymers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1996, 61, 2185-2190
[135] Fagan. P. J.,Krusic P.J.,Evans D.H.,Lerke S.A.,Johnson E.,Synthesis, Chemistry and Properties of a Monoalkylated Buckminster Fullerene Drivatives t-Bu C_(60) Anion,J.Am. Chem. Soc., 1992,114,9697-9699.
[136] Chen,Y., Huang. Z.E., Cai. R.F., Kong,S.Q., Chen. S.,Shao, Q.,Yan. X., Zhao. F.D., Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble C_(60)-Chemically Modified Poly(p-bromostyrene,J.Polym. Sci.A Poly.
Chem., 1996,34,3297-3302
[137] Wang J.S., Mastyjaszewsi K.," Living"/Controlled Radical Polymerization. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in the Presence of a Conventional Radical Initiator, Macromolecules, 1995, 28, 7572-7573
[138] Woodworth B E,Metzner Z,Matyjaszewski K. Copper Triflate as a Catalyst in Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Acrylate, Macromolecules, 1998,31:7999-8004
[139] Zhu S M,Yan D Y., Atom Transfor Radical Polymerization of Methylmethacrylate Catalyzed by Iron~Ⅱ Chlorided Isophthalic Acid System, Macromolecules,2000,33:8233-8238
[140] Perec V, Barboiu B,Neumann A,Ronda J C,Zhao M Y.,Metal-Catalyzed "Living"Radical Polymerization of styrene Initiated with Arenesulfonyl Chlorides,From Heterogeneous to Homigeneous Cartalysis,Macromolecules, 1996,29:3665-3668
[141] Senoo M,Kotani Y, Kamigaito M,Sawamoto M,Living Radical Polymerization of N,N-Dimethylacrylamide with RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3-Based Initiating Systems, Macromolecules, 1999,32:8005-8009
[142] Uegaki H,Kamigaito M, Sawamoto M.The Living Radical Polymerization of Methacrylate with a zero valent Nickel Complex,Ni(PPh_3)_4,J Polym Sci Poly Chem, 1999,37:3003-3009
[143] Granel C, DuboisP, Jerome R,Teyssie P. Controlled Radical Polymerization of Methanacrylic Monomers in the Presence of a Bis(ortho-chelated)Arylnickel(Ⅱ)Complex and Different Activated Alkyl Halides, Macromolecules, 1996,29:8576-8582
[144] Wu X F, raser C L. Architectural Diversity Via Metal Template-Assisted Polymer Synthesis:A Macroligand Chelation Approach to Linear and Star-shaped Polymerit Ruthenium Tris(bipyridine) Complexes,Macromolecules,2000,33:4053-4046
[145] Johnson R M,Corbin P S,Ng Cfraser C L, Poly(methylmethacrylates) with Ruthenium Tris(bipyridine) Cores Via NiB r2(PR3)2-Catakyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization,Macromolecules,2000,33:7404-7412
[146] Wu X F, raser C L.The Importance of Macroligand Molecular Weight and Solvent Polarity in Modulating Metal Core Reactivity in Hetroleptic Polymeric Ruthenium Tris(bipyridine)Complex Synthesis, Macromolecules,2000,33:7776-7785
[147] Qin S H,Qin K Y, Swift G, Westmoreland D G, Wu S."Living Radical Polymerization of Methyl methacrylate with Diethyl 2,3-Dicyano-2,3-Diphenylsuscinate as a Thermal Iniferter, J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 1999,37:4610-4615
[148] 秦东奇，钦曙辉，丘坤元，镍体系(NiCl_2/PPh_3)催化的反向原子转移自由基聚合，高分子学报，2002(1)，108，112
[149] Martin T P, Naher U,Schaber H, Clusters of fullerene molecules ,Phys Rev Lett, 1993,70,3079
[150] Beeby A,Eastoe J,Heenan R K,Solubilisation of C_(60) in Agueous micellar Solution,Chem Commun, 1994,173-175
[151] Sun Y-P, Ma B,Bunker C E,Liu B.,All-Carbon Polymers(Polyfullerenes) from photochemical Reactions of fullerene Clusters in Room-Temperature Solvent Mixtures,J Am Chem Soc, 1995,117,12705
[152] 王玉荣，刘惠明，潘治元，顾明初．星型中乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶的研制．合成橡胶工业．1987，10(3)：192～196
[153] Wignall G D, Affholter K A, Bunich G J. Synthesis and SANS Structural Characterization of Polymer-substituted Fullerenes (Flagellenes). Macromolecules, 1995, 28(18): 6000～6006
[154] 金关泰，金日光，汤宗汤．热塑性弹性体．北京：化学工业出版社，1983，51～79