隔热降温型纳米材料防紫外线伞布的开发
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摘要
随着人们的生活水平的提高,对纺织品的性能要求也越来越高。对于遮阳伞,人们追求的不仅仅是能够遮挡阳光,而且还要能够阻挡紫外线甚至有隔热降温的效果。采用适宜的纳米材料,并将其混入纺织品涂层胶之中,用来屏蔽紫外线和红外线,不仅能够阻止紫外线对人体的伤害,并且能够降低伞下温度,在炎炎夏日给人以舒适的感觉。本文研究将纳米ATO和超细TiO2混入水性聚氨酯涂层胶内,并对涤纶和尼龙面料进行涂层整理,使纳米ATO和超细TiO2复合粉体的整理能够有效地屏蔽紫外线,并能够降低伞面下温度。
本文筛选超细TiO2和纳米ATO作为防紫外线隔热粉体,通过球磨和超声的方法进行分散,并对分散液的zeta电位、平均粒径、沉降高度进行了分析。结果表明,超细TiO2粉末和纳米ATO作为防紫外线和隔热的材料,在分散剂聚羧酸钠的作用下,能够稳定分散在水中。
本文将超细TiO：和纳米ATO混入到水性聚氨酯涂层胶中,对经过防水整理后的涤纶和尼龙织物分别进行涂层整理,并对试样进行SEM、防紫外线、隔热、耐水压等性能测试。结果表明,纳米颗粒能够均匀地分散在涂层中；试样的防紫外线效果,UPF>50,UVA<5%,达到了GB/T 18830-2009规定的标准；在隔热效果上,能够使自制密闭测试系统箱底温度降低8-9℃,开放测试系统铝板温度降低3℃。
本课题采用水性聚氨酯涂层胶,并将防紫外和隔热性能同时附加到遮阳伞布上,在屏蔽紫外线的同时,还能够降低伞下温度,赋予了伞布多种功能。采用水性聚酯涂层胶代替溶剂型涂层胶,能够降低有机溶剂对环境的污染,在工业生产中有良好的发展前景。
With the improvement of people's living standard, the properties of textiles are highly demanded more and more. And for sunshade, people hope that it can not only keep out the light from the sun, but also can stop the ultraviolet even has the effect of heat insulation and cooling. Appropriate nano materials were used to be mixed with the coatings to shield the ultraviolet and infrared. They can not only prevent ultraviolet radiation from damaging to human body, but also reduce the temperature under an umbrella, and give a person comfortable feeling in sorching summer. This paper will mix the ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO with the aqueous polyurethane coatings, and then coat on the polyester and nylon fabrics. The results show that the composite powder of ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO can effectively screen ultraviolet radiation and reduce the temperature under cloth.
In this paper, the ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO were used as the ultraviolet protective and heat insulated powders, and were dispersed in the water through the ball mill and ultrasonic wave.The zeta potential, average particle size, and depositional height were analyzed. The results show that ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO can be stably dispersed in the water by the action of carboxylic acid sodium.
In this paper, the ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO were blended into aqueous polyurethane coatings and coated on the polyester and nylon fabircs finished by waterproof agent.The SEM, ultraviolet protection, heat insulation, and water presure resistance were tested. The results show that nanoparticles can evenly dispersed in coating. The effect of ultraviolet prevention can get to UPF> 50, UVA< 5% which meet up with the GB/T 18830-2009; It can lower the temperature by 8-9℃through the homemade airtight chamber test system, and by 3℃through the open test system.
This subject adopts aqueous polyurethane coatings, and add the properties of the ultraviolet protection and heat insulation to the sunshade cloth, It can not only screen ultraviolet radiation but also reduce the temperature under an umbrella and give it a variety of functions. The aqueous polyurethane coatings were used instead of solvent coatings, It can prevent the organic solvent from polluting the environment, and may have a good development prospect in the industrial production.
本文筛选超细TiO2和纳米ATO作为防紫外线隔热粉体,通过球磨和超声的方法进行分散,并对分散液的zeta电位、平均粒径、沉降高度进行了分析。结果表明,超细TiO2粉末和纳米ATO作为防紫外线和隔热的材料,在分散剂聚羧酸钠的作用下,能够稳定分散在水中。
本文将超细TiO：和纳米ATO混入到水性聚氨酯涂层胶中,对经过防水整理后的涤纶和尼龙织物分别进行涂层整理,并对试样进行SEM、防紫外线、隔热、耐水压等性能测试。结果表明,纳米颗粒能够均匀地分散在涂层中；试样的防紫外线效果,UPF>50,UVA<5%,达到了GB/T 18830-2009规定的标准；在隔热效果上,能够使自制密闭测试系统箱底温度降低8-9℃,开放测试系统铝板温度降低3℃。
本课题采用水性聚氨酯涂层胶,并将防紫外和隔热性能同时附加到遮阳伞布上,在屏蔽紫外线的同时,还能够降低伞下温度,赋予了伞布多种功能。采用水性聚酯涂层胶代替溶剂型涂层胶,能够降低有机溶剂对环境的污染,在工业生产中有良好的发展前景。
With the improvement of people's living standard, the properties of textiles are highly demanded more and more. And for sunshade, people hope that it can not only keep out the light from the sun, but also can stop the ultraviolet even has the effect of heat insulation and cooling. Appropriate nano materials were used to be mixed with the coatings to shield the ultraviolet and infrared. They can not only prevent ultraviolet radiation from damaging to human body, but also reduce the temperature under an umbrella, and give a person comfortable feeling in sorching summer. This paper will mix the ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO with the aqueous polyurethane coatings, and then coat on the polyester and nylon fabrics. The results show that the composite powder of ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO can effectively screen ultraviolet radiation and reduce the temperature under cloth.
In this paper, the ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO were used as the ultraviolet protective and heat insulated powders, and were dispersed in the water through the ball mill and ultrasonic wave.The zeta potential, average particle size, and depositional height were analyzed. The results show that ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO can be stably dispersed in the water by the action of carboxylic acid sodium.
In this paper, the ultrafine TiO2 and nano ATO were blended into aqueous polyurethane coatings and coated on the polyester and nylon fabircs finished by waterproof agent.The SEM, ultraviolet protection, heat insulation, and water presure resistance were tested. The results show that nanoparticles can evenly dispersed in coating. The effect of ultraviolet prevention can get to UPF> 50, UVA< 5% which meet up with the GB/T 18830-2009; It can lower the temperature by 8-9℃through the homemade airtight chamber test system, and by 3℃through the open test system.
This subject adopts aqueous polyurethane coatings, and add the properties of the ultraviolet protection and heat insulation to the sunshade cloth, It can not only screen ultraviolet radiation but also reduce the temperature under an umbrella and give it a variety of functions. The aqueous polyurethane coatings were used instead of solvent coatings, It can prevent the organic solvent from polluting the environment, and may have a good development prospect in the industrial production.
引文
[1]李群.纳米材料的制备与应用技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：2.
[2]朱红.纳米材料化学及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：2-3.
[3]崔迎春,李家芬,苏长明.纳米技术在石油工业领域应用初探[J].钻井液与完井液,2003(6)：11-12.
[4]夏建白.半导体纳米材料和物理[J].物理,2003,32(10)：693-699.
[5]夏志向.纳米技术在军事领域的应用前景[J].武警工程学院学报,2002,18(4)：47-48.
[6]Kreuter J.Naniparticulate systems for brain delivery of drugs[J]. Advanced Drug Delibery Reviews,2001,47(1):65-81.
[7]王景贤,王立久.纳米材料在混凝土中的应用研究进展[J].混凝土,2004,(11)：18-21.
[8]张军波,黄碧纯,叶代启.碳纳米管在环境保护中的应用研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(3)：112-114.
[9]钟安华,邱佩琼,王东.抗紫外线辐射机理及其产品开发[J].印染助剂,2002,19(3)：43-45.
[10]李秀明,邓桦.纳米材料在防紫外线纺织品中的应用[J].针织工业,2006,(10)：46-48.
[11]安秋凤,王雁,路德待,黄良仙,王前进.织物用抗紫外线整理剂的研究进展[J].化工进展,2007,26(266)：819-829.
[12]薛少林,阎玉霄防紫外线纺织品的开发与应用[J].北京纺织,2000,21(4)：43-46.
[13]刘雅萍.防紫外线纤维及防紫外线纺织品整理工艺[J].纺织科技进展2009,(3)：44-47.
[14]李全明,王崇礴,王浩.防紫外线织物的研究[J].高科技纤维与应用,2002,27(3)：19-21.
[15]邓桦,忻浩忠,江怡怡.TiO2纳米材料防紫外线涂层整理[J].印染,2005,(15)：11-13.
[16]王明勇,毛志平,李芮.锐钛矿型纳米TiO2在棉织物上的原位生长及其抗紫外性能.纺织学报,2007,28(2)：71-75.
[17]王浩,黄晨,林红,陈宇岳.棉织物的纳米氧化锌抗紫外整理[J].印染,2006(6)：1-3.
[18]Darka Mihailovic, Zoran Saponjic, Marija Radoicic, Tamara RadeticPetar, Jovancic, Jovan Nedeljkovic, Maja Radetic.Functionalization of polyester fabrics with alginates and TiO2 nanoparticles[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers,2010, (79):526-532.
[19]杨丽,杨俊玲.织物抗紫外线整理.印染助剂,2006,23(8)：15-21.
[20]陆洪彬,陈建华.隔热涂料的隔热机理及其研究进展.材料导报,2005,19(4)：71-73.
[21]林文,陈康林.隔热涂料的研究[J].氯碱工业,1996,(10)：65-68
[22]晋永旭.硅酸盐涂料的开发与前景[J].建筑学报,2002,23(1)：64
[23]张敏.水性反光隔热罩面涂料[J].中国建筑防水,1997,(2)：19-20
[24]沃群鸣.红外辐射涂料原理和工艺方法研究[J].中国建筑防水,1998,(4)：14-16.
[25]王金台,路国忠.太阳热反射隔热涂料[J].涂料工业,2004,34(10)：17-20.
[26]李娜,闵洁.球形二氧化硅的制备及在棉织物红外反射隔热中的应用研究[J].印染助剂,2010(9)：21-23.
[27]王科林,陈克宁,牛家嵘.TiO2/CaCO3隔热涂层织物的制备及性能[J].印染,2009(8)：11-14
[28]王科林,陈克宁,牛家嵘,张佐平,石同库.聚氨酯基Ti02隔热涂层织物[J].印染,2010(8)：5-10.
[29]马准胜.降温伞[P]中国专利：CN2705045 Y,2005-6-22.
[30]曾祥彬.双层隔热伞[P]中国专利：CN2927790Y,2007-8-1.
[31]舒平.涤塔夫伞面绸涂银工艺探讨[J].印染,2004(3)：27-28.
[32]许庆华,周文玲,许盛英,蒋文兰.凹凸棒防晒伞涂料粉[P].中国专利：CN101701111 A,2010-5-5.
[33]李坤民.一种伞布[P].中国专利：CN200980401 Y,2007-11-28.
[34]潜伟平.一种用于纺织品的隔热涂料[P].中国专利：CN101435158 A,2009-5-20.
[35]罗瑞林.织物涂层技术[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2005.
[36]李正雄.浅谈织物涂层剂[J].印染助剂,2003,(1)：7-10.
[37]杨佳音.纳米氧化物材料紫外屏蔽性能评估方法的新探索[D].华东师范大学,2006.
[38]倪敬达,于湖生.纳米材料在防紫外线纤维及其织物中的应用[J].高科技纤维与应用,2005,(30)：29-31.
[39]黄开金.纳米材料的制备及应用[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2009：148-150.
[40]刘国杰.纳米材料改性涂料[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：169-171.
[41]施利益.纳米材料[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2007：234-235.
[42]黄宝元、钟明强、董绍春、冯杰.基于长时间测试的ATO/PU涂层隔热机理的研究[J].涂料工业,2009,(39)：14-16.
[43]马文友等.纳米颗粒分散技术研究进展[J].中国粉体技术,2002,(8)：28-31
[44]狄剑锋.织物拒水拒油整理及其性能检测[J].上海纺织科技测试分析.2003,31(4)：52-53.
[45]阎克路.染整工艺原理[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2007,382.
[46]黄宝元、钟明强、董绍春、冯杰.基于长时间测试的ATO/PU涂层隔热机理的研究[J].涂料工业,2009,(11)：14-16.
[2]朱红.纳米材料化学及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：2-3.
[3]崔迎春,李家芬,苏长明.纳米技术在石油工业领域应用初探[J].钻井液与完井液,2003(6)：11-12.
[4]夏建白.半导体纳米材料和物理[J].物理,2003,32(10)：693-699.
[5]夏志向.纳米技术在军事领域的应用前景[J].武警工程学院学报,2002,18(4)：47-48.
[6]Kreuter J.Naniparticulate systems for brain delivery of drugs[J]. Advanced Drug Delibery Reviews,2001,47(1):65-81.
[7]王景贤,王立久.纳米材料在混凝土中的应用研究进展[J].混凝土,2004,(11)：18-21.
[8]张军波,黄碧纯,叶代启.碳纳米管在环境保护中的应用研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(3)：112-114.
[9]钟安华,邱佩琼,王东.抗紫外线辐射机理及其产品开发[J].印染助剂,2002,19(3)：43-45.
[10]李秀明,邓桦.纳米材料在防紫外线纺织品中的应用[J].针织工业,2006,(10)：46-48.
[11]安秋凤,王雁,路德待,黄良仙,王前进.织物用抗紫外线整理剂的研究进展[J].化工进展,2007,26(266)：819-829.
[12]薛少林,阎玉霄防紫外线纺织品的开发与应用[J].北京纺织,2000,21(4)：43-46.
[13]刘雅萍.防紫外线纤维及防紫外线纺织品整理工艺[J].纺织科技进展2009,(3)：44-47.
[14]李全明,王崇礴,王浩.防紫外线织物的研究[J].高科技纤维与应用,2002,27(3)：19-21.
[15]邓桦,忻浩忠,江怡怡.TiO2纳米材料防紫外线涂层整理[J].印染,2005,(15)：11-13.
[16]王明勇,毛志平,李芮.锐钛矿型纳米TiO2在棉织物上的原位生长及其抗紫外性能.纺织学报,2007,28(2)：71-75.
[17]王浩,黄晨,林红,陈宇岳.棉织物的纳米氧化锌抗紫外整理[J].印染,2006(6)：1-3.
[18]Darka Mihailovic, Zoran Saponjic, Marija Radoicic, Tamara RadeticPetar, Jovancic, Jovan Nedeljkovic, Maja Radetic.Functionalization of polyester fabrics with alginates and TiO2 nanoparticles[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers,2010, (79):526-532.
[19]杨丽,杨俊玲.织物抗紫外线整理.印染助剂,2006,23(8)：15-21.
[20]陆洪彬,陈建华.隔热涂料的隔热机理及其研究进展.材料导报,2005,19(4)：71-73.
[21]林文,陈康林.隔热涂料的研究[J].氯碱工业,1996,(10)：65-68
[22]晋永旭.硅酸盐涂料的开发与前景[J].建筑学报,2002,23(1)：64
[23]张敏.水性反光隔热罩面涂料[J].中国建筑防水,1997,(2)：19-20
[24]沃群鸣.红外辐射涂料原理和工艺方法研究[J].中国建筑防水,1998,(4)：14-16.
[25]王金台,路国忠.太阳热反射隔热涂料[J].涂料工业,2004,34(10)：17-20.
[26]李娜,闵洁.球形二氧化硅的制备及在棉织物红外反射隔热中的应用研究[J].印染助剂,2010(9)：21-23.
[27]王科林,陈克宁,牛家嵘.TiO2/CaCO3隔热涂层织物的制备及性能[J].印染,2009(8)：11-14
[28]王科林,陈克宁,牛家嵘,张佐平,石同库.聚氨酯基Ti02隔热涂层织物[J].印染,2010(8)：5-10.
[29]马准胜.降温伞[P]中国专利：CN2705045 Y,2005-6-22.
[30]曾祥彬.双层隔热伞[P]中国专利：CN2927790Y,2007-8-1.
[31]舒平.涤塔夫伞面绸涂银工艺探讨[J].印染,2004(3)：27-28.
[32]许庆华,周文玲,许盛英,蒋文兰.凹凸棒防晒伞涂料粉[P].中国专利：CN101701111 A,2010-5-5.
[33]李坤民.一种伞布[P].中国专利：CN200980401 Y,2007-11-28.
[34]潜伟平.一种用于纺织品的隔热涂料[P].中国专利：CN101435158 A,2009-5-20.
[35]罗瑞林.织物涂层技术[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2005.
[36]李正雄.浅谈织物涂层剂[J].印染助剂,2003,(1)：7-10.
[37]杨佳音.纳米氧化物材料紫外屏蔽性能评估方法的新探索[D].华东师范大学,2006.
[38]倪敬达,于湖生.纳米材料在防紫外线纤维及其织物中的应用[J].高科技纤维与应用,2005,(30)：29-31.
[39]黄开金.纳米材料的制备及应用[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2009：148-150.
[40]刘国杰.纳米材料改性涂料[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：169-171.
[41]施利益.纳米材料[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2007：234-235.
[42]黄宝元、钟明强、董绍春、冯杰.基于长时间测试的ATO/PU涂层隔热机理的研究[J].涂料工业,2009,(39)：14-16.
[43]马文友等.纳米颗粒分散技术研究进展[J].中国粉体技术,2002,(8)：28-31
[44]狄剑锋.织物拒水拒油整理及其性能检测[J].上海纺织科技测试分析.2003,31(4)：52-53.
[45]阎克路.染整工艺原理[M].北京：中国纺织出版社,2007,382.
[46]黄宝元、钟明强、董绍春、冯杰.基于长时间测试的ATO/PU涂层隔热机理的研究[J].涂料工业,2009,(11)：14-16.