聚醚类离子载体抗生素与泰妙菌素联合应用的雏鸡中毒特性研究
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摘要
马杜霉素和海南霉素两种聚醚类离子载体类抗生素是当今最常用的防球虫药物添加剂,而泰妙菌素又是最好的防治呼吸道病的药物之一,由于鸡球虫病与呼吸道病常同时发生,故两者常同时应用,但因两者同时应用而发生鸡中毒的现象时有发生,对养禽业造成了一定的损失。尽管两种药物联合应用使鸡中毒的病例多有报道,但其详细的病理变化及发病机制缺乏系统观察、研究。为探讨两种药物联合应用所引起鸡中毒的剂量、临床症状、病理变化及发病机制。本试验通过不同剂量的马杜霉素或海南霉素与泰妙菌素对雏鸡联合口服,建立雏鸡药物中毒模型,观察试验雏鸡所表现的中毒症状、眼观及组织病理学变化,并动态检测、分析血清K、Zn、Cu元素含量及血清ND抗体水平的变化,探讨不同类型、不同剂量聚醚类离子载体抗生素与泰妙菌素联合应用造成雏鸡中毒反应的临床特征、病理变化及发生机制。实验结果表明:正常推荐剂量的马杜霉素(5ppm)与泰妙菌素(100ppm)联合应用时,一般不会发生中毒反应,机体无明显的损伤表现。而当马杜霉素剂量加倍将会引起机体多方面的损伤性病变,产生明显的中毒反应。当与正常或加倍剂量的泰妙菌素联合应用,使中毒反应显著加强。表现雏鸡明显的生长迟缓、运动失调、麻痹瘫痪等临床症状;眼观法氏囊、胸、脾免疫器官发育萎缩,胸腺、法氏囊、脾和盲肠扁桃体等淋巴细胞严重缺失;心包积液,腺胃、十二指肠卡他性炎症;心、肝、肾变性肿胀。镜检肝、肾、肌、骨骼肌等实质器官表现明显病变;血液中K、Zn、Cu元素含量有所升高;ND抗体水平降低。
泰妙菌素和海南霉素联合应用,在正常建议剂量联合应用时不会造成明显的中毒反应,当海南霉素加倍并与泰妙菌素联合应用时,可明显增强海南霉素的毒性,发生与马杜霉素类似的中毒反应,但其毒性反应比马杜霉素毒性反应有所减轻。试验结果表明高剂量的马杜霉素或海南霉素与泰妙菌素联合应用都会产生严重的毒性反应,故在生产实践中二药不能联合应用。
Maduramicin and Heinanmycin are commonly used Anti-coccidiosis addition agents and Tiamulin is the best drug for the prevention and cure of respiratory diseases.Polyether ionophore antibiotics and Tiamulin are regularly used in combination because of the concurrence of chicken coccidiosis and respiratory diseases. But the intoxication caused by it caused a great loss to poultry industry.Although the intoxications were reported commonly,the systematic observation and study of it’s particular pathological changes and pathogenesis were deficiency.This trial is designed to approach the toxic dose, clinical symptoms, pathological changes and pathogenesis caused by it. A drug intoxication model of chicken was created in which Maduramicin or Heinanmycin was used in combination with Tiamulin per os in different doses.The intoxication, visible process and histopathological changes were observed.The variance of the content of K,Zn,Cu in serum and the antibody level of ND serum was checked and analysed dynamicly in order to approach the clinical symptoms,pathological changes and pathogenesis of the intoxication caused by using different types and doses of Polyether ionophore antibiotics and Tiamulin in combination.The experimental result showed that:using recommended dose of Maduramicin and Tiamulin in combination will not cause intoxication and apparent injuries.But serious intoxication of the organism will manifest when redoubled dose of Maduramicin and normal dose of Tiamulin were used in combination,causing versatile pathological changes.Clinical symptoms are growth retardation, dyskinesias, paralysis,etc.. Visible processes are atrophies on Bursa of Fabricius,chests,spleens and immune organs;severe lymphocyte loss on thymus,Bursa of Fabricius,spleens and cecal tonsils; hydropericardium; catarrhal inflammation on glandular stomach and duodenum; degenerate tumescence on heart,liver and kidney. Microscopic examination changes are apparent denaturations on parenchymal organs as liver,kidney,skin and skeletal muscle,;step-up content of K、Zn、Cu in blood and ND antibody level reduction. Recommended dose of Tiamulin and Heinanmycin used in combination will not cause any intoxication too.But when redoubled, Heinanmycin toxicity is enhanced obviously,causing affinis intoxication.This trial states that high dose of Maduramicin or Heinanmycin can cause toxic reaction when used in combination with Tiamulin.
泰妙菌素和海南霉素联合应用,在正常建议剂量联合应用时不会造成明显的中毒反应,当海南霉素加倍并与泰妙菌素联合应用时,可明显增强海南霉素的毒性,发生与马杜霉素类似的中毒反应,但其毒性反应比马杜霉素毒性反应有所减轻。试验结果表明高剂量的马杜霉素或海南霉素与泰妙菌素联合应用都会产生严重的毒性反应,故在生产实践中二药不能联合应用。
Maduramicin and Heinanmycin are commonly used Anti-coccidiosis addition agents and Tiamulin is the best drug for the prevention and cure of respiratory diseases.Polyether ionophore antibiotics and Tiamulin are regularly used in combination because of the concurrence of chicken coccidiosis and respiratory diseases. But the intoxication caused by it caused a great loss to poultry industry.Although the intoxications were reported commonly,the systematic observation and study of it’s particular pathological changes and pathogenesis were deficiency.This trial is designed to approach the toxic dose, clinical symptoms, pathological changes and pathogenesis caused by it. A drug intoxication model of chicken was created in which Maduramicin or Heinanmycin was used in combination with Tiamulin per os in different doses.The intoxication, visible process and histopathological changes were observed.The variance of the content of K,Zn,Cu in serum and the antibody level of ND serum was checked and analysed dynamicly in order to approach the clinical symptoms,pathological changes and pathogenesis of the intoxication caused by using different types and doses of Polyether ionophore antibiotics and Tiamulin in combination.The experimental result showed that:using recommended dose of Maduramicin and Tiamulin in combination will not cause intoxication and apparent injuries.But serious intoxication of the organism will manifest when redoubled dose of Maduramicin and normal dose of Tiamulin were used in combination,causing versatile pathological changes.Clinical symptoms are growth retardation, dyskinesias, paralysis,etc.. Visible processes are atrophies on Bursa of Fabricius,chests,spleens and immune organs;severe lymphocyte loss on thymus,Bursa of Fabricius,spleens and cecal tonsils; hydropericardium; catarrhal inflammation on glandular stomach and duodenum; degenerate tumescence on heart,liver and kidney. Microscopic examination changes are apparent denaturations on parenchymal organs as liver,kidney,skin and skeletal muscle,;step-up content of K、Zn、Cu in blood and ND antibody level reduction. Recommended dose of Tiamulin and Heinanmycin used in combination will not cause any intoxication too.But when redoubled, Heinanmycin toxicity is enhanced obviously,causing affinis intoxication.This trial states that high dose of Maduramicin or Heinanmycin can cause toxic reaction when used in combination with Tiamulin.
引文
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[31]扈洪波,朱蓓蕾.海南霉素的遗传毒性研究及其致癌性预测1.海南霉素的体外致突变性研究[J]畜牧兽医学报, 1994,(05) .
[32]杨桂香,陈杖榴.聚醚类离子载体抗生素的毒性研究进展[J].动物医学进展, 2000,(04) .
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[2]齐雪茹,王建华,马杜拉霉素对肉鸡的临床毒性及病理组织学观察,中国兽医杂志,2003年(第39卷)第10期;
[3]刁有祥.配合应用支原净、金霉素预防肉鸡慢性呼吸道病的研究.山东畜牧兽医.2001:1-2;
[4]金美玲,陆国林,马杜拉霉素胺饲喂肉仔鸡毒性观察,养禽与禽病防治,1996,12:19-20.
[5]朱模忠,兽药手册,化学工业出版社,2002.81,88,371.
[6]赵德明.兽医病理学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1998.1
[7]邓干臻,徐贻权,马杜拉霉素对肉仔鸡的临床毒性观察,畜牧与兽医,1998,17(1)
[8]丁伯良.动物中毒病理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996
[9]万恩怀,邓俊良,张述芳马杜霉素对肉仔鸡的毒性研究进展.[J ]畜牧与兽医2006,38(4) : 52-56.
[10]万恩怀,邓俊良,左之才,彭西,余树民不同剂量马杜霉素对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.[J ]中国兽医杂志2008(44) 5:1-2
[11]沈建忠,钱传范,江海洋,等.马杜霉素在鸡组织中残留消除及临床毒性的研究[J ].畜牧兽医学报,2000 ,5 :458-463.
[12]纪德明,王庆儒,.肉鸡喂服抗球王过量中毒,当代畜牧,1997,6。
[13]黄兵.离子载体抗球虫新药——海南霉素.养禽与禽病防治.2002:16—17
[14]陈志萍,刘学武,郑文科.复方海南霉素的药效试验.中国兽医寄生虫病.2002:48-50
[15]张廷荣,宋玉芹,宋春阳,等.海南霉素在饲料中的毒性研究.莱阳农学院学报。2004:18—19
[16]黄兵,赵其平,韩红玉,等.海南霉素对鸡球虫病的预防和治疗效果评价.中国兽医杂志.2002:6—9
[17]陈凤梅,牛钟,延胡索酸泰妙菌素对支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染的治疗试验.中国兽药杂志, 2005年(第39卷)第1期;
[18]匡宝晓.合理使用支原净.中国家禽.2002(3):29.
[19]鲍恩东.动物病理学,中国农业科技出版社,2002
[20]刁有祥.,配合应用支原净、金霉素预防肉鸡慢性呼吸道病的研究.[J ]山东畜牧兽医.2001:1-2
[21]丁丽军,杨海峰,动物专用抗生素泰妙菌素的研究进展[J ]兽药与饲料添加剂2008 (13)2 :1-2
[22]中华人民共和国农业部.进口兽药质量标准( 2006年版) : 70-71.
[23]王丽平,江善祥,史晓丽.泰妙菌素的体外抑菌活性与一般毒性研究[ J] .畜牧与兽医, 2004, 36( 6) : 4- 6.
[24]中国兽药典委员会.兽药使用指南[M] .第1版.北京:中国农业出版社, 2006: 60.
[25]杨海峰,王权,于生兰,畜禽专用抗生素泰妙菌素的研究进展[J]饲料工业2007(28)10 1-2
[26]曾振灵.聚醚类抗生素及泰妙灵的作用与应用进展[J].养禽与禽病防治, 1993,(04)
[27]吕爱军,穆阿丽,宋小敬,张关东.聚醚类抗生素的作用机理及应用研究进展[J]吉林畜牧兽医, 2004,(05)
[28]于学军,粱俊勇,毕淑佳.马杜拉霉素引起猪中毒的诊治体会[J]山东畜牧兽医, 1998,(03) .
[29]刘永庆,郭继英.家禽的马杜拉霉素中毒[J]畜牧与兽医, 1997,(05) .
[30]周伟伟,卜仕金.聚醚类离子载体抗生素的研究进展[J].兽药与饲料添加剂, 2006,(03)
[31]扈洪波,朱蓓蕾.海南霉素的遗传毒性研究及其致癌性预测1.海南霉素的体外致突变性研究[J]畜牧兽医学报, 1994,(05) .
[32]杨桂香,陈杖榴.聚醚类离子载体抗生素的毒性研究进展[J].动物医学进展, 2000,(04) .
[33]杨桂香,曾振灵,陈杖榴.聚醚类抗生素对肉鸡的毒性作用及其合理应用[J].养禽与禽病防治, 2001,(02)
[34]谢明权,彭新宇,魏文康,吴惠贤,温列娜.聚醚类抗生素抗球虫药交叉抗药性研究[J]广东农业科学, 1999,(01) .
[35]臧为民,宁长申,张龙现,刘红英,赵金凤,娄飞.球虫抗药性检测和高效抗球虫药物的筛选与应用[J]河南农业科学, 2003,(09) .
[36]郑月华,褚德明,卜仕金,蒋志伟,蒋金书.海南霉素抗球虫效力试验[J]中国饲料, 1992,(05) .
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