新型抗静电PET纤维的研究
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摘要
本论文开发了一种大分子主链上含有金属元素的新型聚醚酯共聚物抗静电剂，且与PET切片共混纺丝，即可得到一种共混型耐久的抗静电纤维。
采用溶解性能、IR和酸值测定法表征了抗静电剂的中间产物。实验结果表明，用脂肪族二元酸、金属氧化物(MeO)、聚乙二醇(PEG)进行反应可制得主链上含有金属元素的聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯(PM)，并讨论了反应条件，发现原料分子量越低，反应越易进行；摩尔比不同，产物的端基也不同。在适当反应条件下，PM与BHET反应可制取聚醚酯(PEEM)，其在沸水中失重率小于1％。当PM的分子量恒定时，PM加入量越多，PEEM的熔点和冷结晶温度就越低。本论文还研究了共聚物的缩聚反应动力学，得出适宜反应温度为270℃左右。
摩擦静电压、比电阻、吸灰高度测试结果表明，PET/PEEM抗静电纤维的抗静电性能、耐洗涤性均优于PET/PEE抗静电纤维，且在极低相对湿度(≤30％RH)环境中仍具有优良的抗静电效果。抗静电机理研究结果表明，这种纤维抗静电机理是内部放电机理，虽然纤维的吸湿率随环境湿度的增大而略微增大，但任何湿度条件下仍能具备良好的抗静电性能。
3.5％(wt％)的PEEM与PET切片纺丝其可纺性好，所得纤维的拉伸性能和力学性能(如：强度、模量、伸长率)符合纺织工业要求，具有工业化前景。
The aim of this work is to produce a permanent anti-static polyester fiber. A new kind of ploy (ether-ester) anti-static agent is developed, in main chain of the copolymer metal atoms are located. This copolymer is blend spun with PET chips; the blended permanent anti-static fiber is obtained.
Solubility, IR, and measurement of acid value characterize the structure of the copolymer. The experiments show those dualistic aliphatic acids, metal oxide (MeO), polyethylene glycol ( PEG), react step by step then the target material (PM) can be produced. The lower the molecular weight of the row materials the easier the reaction goes on. Different mole ratio of the reactants brings different end groups of the product. The optimal conditions are obtained the semi-finished product (PM) react with BHET the poly (ether-ester) (PEEM) is gained. The weight loss in boiling water is less than 1%. The melting point, crystallization point and intrinsic viscosity are measured. While the molecular weight of PM is constant, the more the PM added, the melting point and crystallization temperature of the PEEM are the lower. The kinematics of polycondensation is studied. The optimal reaction temperature is about 270 (℃).
The friction static voltage, specific resistance of blend spinning PET and PEEM fiber is better than that blend PET and PEE spinning anti-static fiber. Even in very low humidity (less than 30%) the anti-static property is also perfect. The study of anti-static mechanism indicates that for this kind fiber interior discharge is the main reason. Along with the increase of humidity the moisture absorption of the fiber increase. However, the anti-static property keeps constant.
When 3.5%(wt %) PEEM is used to be blend spun with PET chips, its spinnability is good. And the result filament posses good drawing and mechanic properties. (Such as tenacity, modulus, elongation etc.). It is satisfied for the use in textile industry. This kind fiber has a bright foreground for industrial production.
采用溶解性能、IR和酸值测定法表征了抗静电剂的中间产物。实验结果表明，用脂肪族二元酸、金属氧化物(MeO)、聚乙二醇(PEG)进行反应可制得主链上含有金属元素的聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯(PM)，并讨论了反应条件，发现原料分子量越低，反应越易进行；摩尔比不同，产物的端基也不同。在适当反应条件下，PM与BHET反应可制取聚醚酯(PEEM)，其在沸水中失重率小于1％。当PM的分子量恒定时，PM加入量越多，PEEM的熔点和冷结晶温度就越低。本论文还研究了共聚物的缩聚反应动力学，得出适宜反应温度为270℃左右。
摩擦静电压、比电阻、吸灰高度测试结果表明，PET/PEEM抗静电纤维的抗静电性能、耐洗涤性均优于PET/PEE抗静电纤维，且在极低相对湿度(≤30％RH)环境中仍具有优良的抗静电效果。抗静电机理研究结果表明，这种纤维抗静电机理是内部放电机理，虽然纤维的吸湿率随环境湿度的增大而略微增大，但任何湿度条件下仍能具备良好的抗静电性能。
3.5％(wt％)的PEEM与PET切片纺丝其可纺性好，所得纤维的拉伸性能和力学性能(如：强度、模量、伸长率)符合纺织工业要求，具有工业化前景。
The aim of this work is to produce a permanent anti-static polyester fiber. A new kind of ploy (ether-ester) anti-static agent is developed, in main chain of the copolymer metal atoms are located. This copolymer is blend spun with PET chips; the blended permanent anti-static fiber is obtained.
Solubility, IR, and measurement of acid value characterize the structure of the copolymer. The experiments show those dualistic aliphatic acids, metal oxide (MeO), polyethylene glycol ( PEG), react step by step then the target material (PM) can be produced. The lower the molecular weight of the row materials the easier the reaction goes on. Different mole ratio of the reactants brings different end groups of the product. The optimal conditions are obtained the semi-finished product (PM) react with BHET the poly (ether-ester) (PEEM) is gained. The weight loss in boiling water is less than 1%. The melting point, crystallization point and intrinsic viscosity are measured. While the molecular weight of PM is constant, the more the PM added, the melting point and crystallization temperature of the PEEM are the lower. The kinematics of polycondensation is studied. The optimal reaction temperature is about 270 (℃).
The friction static voltage, specific resistance of blend spinning PET and PEEM fiber is better than that blend PET and PEE spinning anti-static fiber. Even in very low humidity (less than 30%) the anti-static property is also perfect. The study of anti-static mechanism indicates that for this kind fiber interior discharge is the main reason. Along with the increase of humidity the moisture absorption of the fiber increase. However, the anti-static property keeps constant.
When 3.5%(wt %) PEEM is used to be blend spun with PET chips, its spinnability is good. And the result filament posses good drawing and mechanic properties. (Such as tenacity, modulus, elongation etc.). It is satisfied for the use in textile industry. This kind fiber has a bright foreground for industrial production.
引文
[1]松井雅男．高分子加工．1998．47(10)．31
[2]松井雅男．高分子加工．1998．47(11)．32
[3]松井雅男．高分子加工．1998．47(12)．39
[4]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(1)．31
[5]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(2)．36
[6]松井雅男，高分子加工．1999．48(3)．37
[7]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(4)．40
[8]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(5)．36
[9]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(6)．36
[10]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(7)．41
[11]小野木祯彦，三浦范子，松田千可子，纤维学会志．1995．51(4)．169
[12]西家正起．日本工业规格《织物的带电性能测试方法》．日本规格学会．1988．1094
[13]V.E.Shashoua, J. Polym., 1958, 33: 65
[14]松井雅男，柏村隆光．纤维学会志．1993．49(8)，421
[15]松井雅男，柏村隆光．纤维学会志．1994．50(10)．443
[16]松尾义辉．纤维制品消费科学．1999．40(3)．39
[17]高绪珊，童俨等．合成纤维工业．1992．15(1)．30
[18]赵耀明等．合成纤维．1991．20(3)．16
[19]秦家浩，钱樨成编．纺织材料静电测试．纺织工业出版社．1987．18
[2]松井雅男．高分子加工．1998．47(11)．32
[3]松井雅男．高分子加工．1998．47(12)．39
[4]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(1)．31
[5]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(2)．36
[6]松井雅男，高分子加工．1999．48(3)．37
[7]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(4)．40
[8]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(5)．36
[9]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(6)．36
[10]松井雅男．高分子加工．1999．48(7)．41
[11]小野木祯彦，三浦范子，松田千可子，纤维学会志．1995．51(4)．169
[12]西家正起．日本工业规格《织物的带电性能测试方法》．日本规格学会．1988．1094
[13]V.E.Shashoua, J. Polym., 1958, 33: 65
[14]松井雅男，柏村隆光．纤维学会志．1993．49(8)，421
[15]松井雅男，柏村隆光．纤维学会志．1994．50(10)．443
[16]松尾义辉．纤维制品消费科学．1999．40(3)．39
[17]高绪珊，童俨等．合成纤维工业．1992．15(1)．30
[18]赵耀明等．合成纤维．1991．20(3)．16
[19]秦家浩，钱樨成编．纺织材料静电测试．纺织工业出版社．1987．18