北京鸭生长前期蛋氨酸与胱氨酸互作关系的研究
摘要
本研究通过两个试验研究探讨了北京鸭生长前期蛋氨酸与胱氨酸的互作关系。试验一采用20只雄性成年北京鸭通过强饲法，无氮日粮法作内源氨基酸校正测定北京鸭生长前期试验基础日粮中蛋氨酸和胱氨酸真消化率，为以可消化氨基酸为基础研究蛋氨酸与胱氨酸互作关系提供必要的参数。试验二采用4×5二因子试验设计，四个胱氨酸水平(0.325％、0.406、0.487、0.568％)，五个蛋氨酸水平(0.285％、0.385％、0.485％、0.585％、0.685％)。将800只0日龄雄性北京鸭随机分为20组，每组4个重复，每重复10只，每处理组随机饲喂不同蛋氨酸水平和胱氨酸水平组合的试验日粮。试验二从总体氨基酸代谢和单个氨基酸代谢的角度，采用饲养试验和屠宰试验，通过对0～2周龄和0～3周龄北京鸭生产性能、部分组织器官生长发育和部分血液生化指标的测定，探讨蛋氨酸和胱氨酸对生长前期北京鸭生长发育的影响及两者互作关系。
1．北京鸭生长前期试验基础日粮蛋氨酸与胱氨酸真消化率
通过强饲法，无氮日粮法作内源氨基酸校正研究表明，北京鸭生长前期试验基础日粮蛋氨酸和胱氨酸真消化率(以风干物质为基础)分别为93.89％，88.25％。以此为基础，北京鸭生长前期试验基础日粮可消化蛋氨酸和可消化胱氨酸水平(以风干物质为基础)分别为0.268％、0.287％。
2．蛋氨酸和胱氨酸对生长前期北京鸭生产性能的影响
蛋氨酸对0～2周龄和0～3周龄北京鸭平均日增重和平均日采食量，0～3周龄料肉比产生显著影响(P＜0.05)，而对0～2周龄北京鸭料肉比未产生显著影响(P＞0.05)。同时，0～2周龄和0～3周龄北京鸭平均日增重、平均日采食量随日粮蛋氨酸水平的升高均表现出先升高后降低的二次曲线变化趋势，但在2周龄回归分析差异不显著(P＞0.05)，而在3周龄仅平均日增重表现出显著二次曲线相关(P＜0.05)。蛋氨酸对动物生长发育的影响可能与其对采食量的调控有关。同时，相对于0.285％和0.485％蛋氨酸水平，高水平(0.585％、0.685％)蛋氨酸可显著降低0～3周龄北京鸭料肉比(P＜0.05)。
胱氨酸对0～2周龄北京鸭平均日增重、平均日采食量均不产生显著影响(P＞0.05)，但高水平胱氨酸(0.568％)表现出抑制北京鸭平均日增重和采食量的趋势，且在3周龄达到显著水平(P＜0.05)。胱氨酸对0～2周龄和0～3周龄北京鸭料肉比不产生显著影响(P＞0.05)。
3.蛋氨酸和肤氨酸对生长前期北京鸭部分组织和器官生长发育的影响
蛋氨酸可显著提高2周龄和3周龄北京鸭腿肌重量及其占体重比例以及3周龄胸肌
重量及其占体重比例(P(0 .05)，但对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭心脏、肝脏、肌胃重量及其
占体重比例不产生显著影响(P>0 .05)。
肤氨酸对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭心脏、肝脏、肌胃、腿肌、胸肌重量及其占体重比
例以及3周龄北京鸭胸肌重量占体重比例不产生显著影响(P>0.05)。
4.蛋氨酸和胧氨酸对生长前期北京鸭部分血液生化指标的影响
蛋氨酸对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭血浆尿酸、高半肤氨酸水平产生显著影响(P<0.05)，
而对血浆总蛋白水平未产生显著影响(P>0 .05)。同时，高水平蛋氨酸可显著提高2周龄
北京鸭血浆肌醉水平(P0 .05)。2周龄北京鸭血浆尿
酸水平随蛋氨酸水平的升高表现出先降低后升高的二次曲线变化趋势，且呈显著二次曲
线相关(P<0 .05)，而在3周龄仅表现出相同的变化趋势(P>0 .05)。2周龄北京鸭血浆高
半肌氨酸水平随饲粮蛋氨酸水平的升高表现出显著线性升高(P<0 .05)。而在3周龄仅表
现出类似的趋势(P>0.05)。这在一定程度上反映出机体内总体氨基酸代谢与蛋氨酸自身
代谢随蛋氨酸水平升高而表现出不同的变化规律。
肤氨酸对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭血浆总蛋白、尿酸、肌配水平均不产生显著影响
(P>0.05)。胧氨酸对2周龄北京鸭血浆高半肤氨酸不产生显著影响(P>0 .05)，但在3周
龄，肤氨酸添加可显著降低北京鸭血浆高半肤氨酸水平(P<0 .05)。
5.北京鸭生长前期蛋氨酸与肤氨酸的互作关系
通过二因子试验表明，蛋氨酸和胧氨酸对0~2周龄和D~3周龄北京鸭平均日增重、
平均日采食量、料肉比均不产生显著交互作用(P>0 .05);蛋氨酸和肤氨酸对2周龄和3
周龄北京鸭心脏、肝脏、肌胃、腿肌重量及其占体重比例及3周龄胸肉及其占体重比例
均不产生显著交互作用(P>0 .05);同时，蛋氨酸和肤氨酸对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭血浆
总蛋白、尿酸、高半肤氨酸、肌配水平均不产生显著交互作用(P>0 .05)。蛋氨酸与肤氨
酸的交互作用可能与饲料中蛋氨酸水平有关。在蛋氨酸缺乏的条件下，蛋氨酸与肤氨酸
之间具有显著交互作用，而在蛋氨酸充足条件下，两者之间不存在显著交互作用。
6.北京鸭生长前期蛋氨酸与肤氨酸需要量
本试验以生产性能为基础，综合组织器官生长发育和血液生化指标的研究表明，O~
2周龄和O~3周龄北京鸭含硫氨基酸需要量相当。以玉米一花生粕型日粮为基础，ME为
12.3MJ/kg(2943.6keal/kg)，CP为20.1%时，0~2周龄和0一3周龄北京鸭蛋氨酸、肤
氨酸和总含硫氨基酸需要量均分别为0.485%、0.325%、0.81%。以可消化氨基酸为基础，
0~2周龄和O~3周龄北京鸭可?
In order to investigate the interaction between methionine and cystine of early ducklings,two experiments were carried out.In experiment 1,twenty male adult Pekin ducklings were used to measure the true digestibility of methionine and cystine in the low sulfur amino acid dietten ducks were tube-fed with free-protein diets and the other ten ones were tube-fed with low sulfur amino acid diet.In experiment 2,A 4x5 factorial arrangement of treatment was used which include five levels of methionine (0.285%, 0.385%, 0.485%, 0.585%,0.685%) and four levels of cystine (0.325%,0.406%, 0.487%, 0.568%).Low sulfur amino acid diet used in experiment 1 was use as basic diet in experimentDifferent levels of methionine and cystine was added to it to make up experimental diets.eight hundreds one-day male Pkin ducklings were used in this experiment. Four replicates of ten ducklings were assigned to each of the twenty experimental diets.these ducklings were reared for twenty-one days, feed and water were provided ad libitum.M 14-day and 24-day,ducklings were weighed to measure the growth performance and then eight ones of each treatment were blooded and slaughtered to measure the growth of some tissues and organs and some biochemical indexes in plasma.The result of two experiments were as follow:
1.The digestibility of methionine and cystine in the experimental basic diet of early Pekin ducklings
The digestibility of methionine and cystine in the experimental basic diet of early Pekin ducklings were 93.89% and 88.25% respectively(air dry matter).SO,the digestive methionine and cystine of this diet were 0.268%,0.287% respectively(air dry matter). 2.Effects of methionioe and cystine on the growth performance of early Pekin ducklings Methionine had a significant effect on weight gain and feed intake at 14-day and 21-day(P<0.05).At 14-day,weight gain and feed intake rose and failed as the level of methionine was raised,but the quadratic response was not significant(P>0.05).And the quadratic response of weight gain was significant at 21-day(P<0.05).Methionine had no significant effect on the feed conversion efficiency at 14-day,but high level of methionine(0.585%,0.685%) improved it significantly(P<0.05) at 21-day.
Cystine had no significant effect on weight gain,feed intake, feed conversion efficiency at 14-day and 21-day,but high level of cystine(0.568%) suppressed the weight gain and feed intake at 14-day(P>0.05) and the suppressions were significant at 21-day(P<0.05) 3.Effects of methionine and cystine on the growth of some tissues and organs of early Pekin ducklings
Methionine raised the leg meat yield and its percentage of live weight of 14-day and 21-day Peckin duckling(P<0.05) and the breast meat and its percentage of live weight of 21-day were improved significantly(P<0.05).but Methionine had no significant effect on the weight of heart,liver,and gizzard and their percentage of live weight of 14-day and 21-day Pekin duckling(P>0.05).
Cystine had no significant effect on the weight of leg meat, heart,liver,and gizzard and their percentage of live weight of 14-day and 21-day Pekin duckling(P>0.05) and it also had no significant effect on the weight of breast meat and its percentage of live weight of 21-day Pekin duckling(P>0.05).
4.Effects of methionine and cystine on some biochemical indexes of some tissues and organs of early Pekin ducklings
Methionine had significant effect on uric acid,homocystein in plasma of 14-day and 21-day Pekin duckling(P<0.05),but it had no significant effect on total protein in plasma at 14-day and 21-day(P>0.05).high level of methionine raised creatine in duckling plasma at 14-day(P<0.05),but the response was not significant at 21-day(P>0.05).Uric acid in plasma failed and rose as th level of methionine was raised and quadratic response was significant at 14-day(P<0.05),but the response was not significant(P>0.05).Homocysteine in plasma was increasing linearly at 14-day as the level of methionine was raised (P<0.05) but it was not significant at 21-day.
Cystin
1．北京鸭生长前期试验基础日粮蛋氨酸与胱氨酸真消化率
通过强饲法，无氮日粮法作内源氨基酸校正研究表明，北京鸭生长前期试验基础日粮蛋氨酸和胱氨酸真消化率(以风干物质为基础)分别为93.89％，88.25％。以此为基础，北京鸭生长前期试验基础日粮可消化蛋氨酸和可消化胱氨酸水平(以风干物质为基础)分别为0.268％、0.287％。
2．蛋氨酸和胱氨酸对生长前期北京鸭生产性能的影响
蛋氨酸对0～2周龄和0～3周龄北京鸭平均日增重和平均日采食量，0～3周龄料肉比产生显著影响(P＜0.05)，而对0～2周龄北京鸭料肉比未产生显著影响(P＞0.05)。同时，0～2周龄和0～3周龄北京鸭平均日增重、平均日采食量随日粮蛋氨酸水平的升高均表现出先升高后降低的二次曲线变化趋势，但在2周龄回归分析差异不显著(P＞0.05)，而在3周龄仅平均日增重表现出显著二次曲线相关(P＜0.05)。蛋氨酸对动物生长发育的影响可能与其对采食量的调控有关。同时，相对于0.285％和0.485％蛋氨酸水平，高水平(0.585％、0.685％)蛋氨酸可显著降低0～3周龄北京鸭料肉比(P＜0.05)。
胱氨酸对0～2周龄北京鸭平均日增重、平均日采食量均不产生显著影响(P＞0.05)，但高水平胱氨酸(0.568％)表现出抑制北京鸭平均日增重和采食量的趋势，且在3周龄达到显著水平(P＜0.05)。胱氨酸对0～2周龄和0～3周龄北京鸭料肉比不产生显著影响(P＞0.05)。
3.蛋氨酸和肤氨酸对生长前期北京鸭部分组织和器官生长发育的影响
蛋氨酸可显著提高2周龄和3周龄北京鸭腿肌重量及其占体重比例以及3周龄胸肌
重量及其占体重比例(P(0 .05)，但对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭心脏、肝脏、肌胃重量及其
占体重比例不产生显著影响(P>0 .05)。
肤氨酸对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭心脏、肝脏、肌胃、腿肌、胸肌重量及其占体重比
例以及3周龄北京鸭胸肌重量占体重比例不产生显著影响(P>0.05)。
4.蛋氨酸和胧氨酸对生长前期北京鸭部分血液生化指标的影响
蛋氨酸对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭血浆尿酸、高半肤氨酸水平产生显著影响(P<0.05)，
而对血浆总蛋白水平未产生显著影响(P>0 .05)。同时，高水平蛋氨酸可显著提高2周龄
北京鸭血浆肌醉水平(P
酸水平随蛋氨酸水平的升高表现出先降低后升高的二次曲线变化趋势，且呈显著二次曲
线相关(P<0 .05)，而在3周龄仅表现出相同的变化趋势(P>0 .05)。2周龄北京鸭血浆高
半肌氨酸水平随饲粮蛋氨酸水平的升高表现出显著线性升高(P<0 .05)。而在3周龄仅表
现出类似的趋势(P>0.05)。这在一定程度上反映出机体内总体氨基酸代谢与蛋氨酸自身
代谢随蛋氨酸水平升高而表现出不同的变化规律。
肤氨酸对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭血浆总蛋白、尿酸、肌配水平均不产生显著影响
(P>0.05)。胧氨酸对2周龄北京鸭血浆高半肤氨酸不产生显著影响(P>0 .05)，但在3周
龄，肤氨酸添加可显著降低北京鸭血浆高半肤氨酸水平(P<0 .05)。
5.北京鸭生长前期蛋氨酸与肤氨酸的互作关系
通过二因子试验表明，蛋氨酸和胧氨酸对0~2周龄和D~3周龄北京鸭平均日增重、
平均日采食量、料肉比均不产生显著交互作用(P>0 .05);蛋氨酸和肤氨酸对2周龄和3
周龄北京鸭心脏、肝脏、肌胃、腿肌重量及其占体重比例及3周龄胸肉及其占体重比例
均不产生显著交互作用(P>0 .05);同时，蛋氨酸和肤氨酸对2周龄和3周龄北京鸭血浆
总蛋白、尿酸、高半肤氨酸、肌配水平均不产生显著交互作用(P>0 .05)。蛋氨酸与肤氨
酸的交互作用可能与饲料中蛋氨酸水平有关。在蛋氨酸缺乏的条件下，蛋氨酸与肤氨酸
之间具有显著交互作用，而在蛋氨酸充足条件下，两者之间不存在显著交互作用。
6.北京鸭生长前期蛋氨酸与肤氨酸需要量
本试验以生产性能为基础，综合组织器官生长发育和血液生化指标的研究表明，O~
2周龄和O~3周龄北京鸭含硫氨基酸需要量相当。以玉米一花生粕型日粮为基础，ME为
12.3MJ/kg(2943.6keal/kg)，CP为20.1%时，0~2周龄和0一3周龄北京鸭蛋氨酸、肤
氨酸和总含硫氨基酸需要量均分别为0.485%、0.325%、0.81%。以可消化氨基酸为基础，
0~2周龄和O~3周龄北京鸭可?
In order to investigate the interaction between methionine and cystine of early ducklings,two experiments were carried out.In experiment 1,twenty male adult Pekin ducklings were used to measure the true digestibility of methionine and cystine in the low sulfur amino acid dietten ducks were tube-fed with free-protein diets and the other ten ones were tube-fed with low sulfur amino acid diet.In experiment 2,A 4x5 factorial arrangement of treatment was used which include five levels of methionine (0.285%, 0.385%, 0.485%, 0.585%,0.685%) and four levels of cystine (0.325%,0.406%, 0.487%, 0.568%).Low sulfur amino acid diet used in experiment 1 was use as basic diet in experimentDifferent levels of methionine and cystine was added to it to make up experimental diets.eight hundreds one-day male Pkin ducklings were used in this experiment. Four replicates of ten ducklings were assigned to each of the twenty experimental diets.these ducklings were reared for twenty-one days, feed and water were provided ad libitum.M 14-day and 24-day,ducklings were weighed to measure the growth performance and then eight ones of each treatment were blooded and slaughtered to measure the growth of some tissues and organs and some biochemical indexes in plasma.The result of two experiments were as follow:
1.The digestibility of methionine and cystine in the experimental basic diet of early Pekin ducklings
The digestibility of methionine and cystine in the experimental basic diet of early Pekin ducklings were 93.89% and 88.25% respectively(air dry matter).SO,the digestive methionine and cystine of this diet were 0.268%,0.287% respectively(air dry matter). 2.Effects of methionioe and cystine on the growth performance of early Pekin ducklings Methionine had a significant effect on weight gain and feed intake at 14-day and 21-day(P<0.05).At 14-day,weight gain and feed intake rose and failed as the level of methionine was raised,but the quadratic response was not significant(P>0.05).And the quadratic response of weight gain was significant at 21-day(P<0.05).Methionine had no significant effect on the feed conversion efficiency at 14-day,but high level of methionine(0.585%,0.685%) improved it significantly(P<0.05) at 21-day.
Cystine had no significant effect on weight gain,feed intake, feed conversion efficiency at 14-day and 21-day,but high level of cystine(0.568%) suppressed the weight gain and feed intake at 14-day(P>0.05) and the suppressions were significant at 21-day(P<0.05) 3.Effects of methionine and cystine on the growth of some tissues and organs of early Pekin ducklings
Methionine raised the leg meat yield and its percentage of live weight of 14-day and 21-day Peckin duckling(P<0.05) and the breast meat and its percentage of live weight of 21-day were improved significantly(P<0.05).but Methionine had no significant effect on the weight of heart,liver,and gizzard and their percentage of live weight of 14-day and 21-day Pekin duckling(P>0.05).
Cystine had no significant effect on the weight of leg meat, heart,liver,and gizzard and their percentage of live weight of 14-day and 21-day Pekin duckling(P>0.05) and it also had no significant effect on the weight of breast meat and its percentage of live weight of 21-day Pekin duckling(P>0.05).
4.Effects of methionine and cystine on some biochemical indexes of some tissues and organs of early Pekin ducklings
Methionine had significant effect on uric acid,homocystein in plasma of 14-day and 21-day Pekin duckling(P<0.05),but it had no significant effect on total protein in plasma at 14-day and 21-day(P>0.05).high level of methionine raised creatine in duckling plasma at 14-day(P<0.05),but the response was not significant at 21-day(P>0.05).Uric acid in plasma failed and rose as th level of methionine was raised and quadratic response was significant at 14-day(P<0.05),but the response was not significant(P>0.05).Homocysteine in plasma was increasing linearly at 14-day as the level of methionine was raised (P<0.05) but it was not significant at 21-day.
Cystin
引文
1．张宏福张子仪动物营养参数与饲养标准 中国农业出版社 1998
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