运动风险评价理论体系的构建
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摘要
运动既能增强体质,改善健康状况,也能对健康产生不利的影响,造成健康隐患。用辩证的思维和风险理论去认知运动的本质属性促进了运动风险从理念到理论的升华。
运动风险研究是保障《全民健身条例》进一步深入贯彻并落实的重要前提,是指导国民科学健身、安全健身的技术保障。构建运动风险评价理论体系,对丰富体质研究内涵,完善全民健身服务指导体系,提升全民健身的科学性与安全性具有重大意义。
本研究采用文献梳理与思辨相结合、逻辑推理与循证相结合、理论分析与实证相结合的方法,探索性地对运动风险的基本理论和评价体系进行了系统分析与实证研究。
主要研究结论为：
1、广义的运动风险是指运动对人的健康、生存与发展所带来的不确定性。运动风险的广义概念揭示了运动风险研究的范畴以及运动风险理论体系的基本结构。
狭义的运动风险是指人在从事运动或相关活动中遭受损失的不确定性。运动风险事件可引发机体性、物质性和精神性损失。
2、运动风险的形成是风险内因与风险外因相互影响、相互作用的结果。对运动风险的评价应该以风险内因的评价为主体,其中体质健康是内因评价中的主要因素；对风险外因的评价主要是研究运动方式与运动环境在风险事件形成中作用与机制。
3、运动风险的本质是运动条件下发生的健康风险,体质理论与健康理论是运动风险研究的支撑理论。
4、运动风险研究的内容涉及自然科学和社会科学。其中,体质是透视、研究运动风险本质的独特视角,最终目标是形成体质评价与全民健身服务的纽带,构建运动安全预警机制。
5、运动风险评价理论体系的核心是优选运动风险形成因素的评价方法、构建运动风险评价的指标体系,确立运动风险的评价标准。
6、年龄、性别是运动风险评价的基本分组变量,体质水平、运动负荷与运动环境是评级的次级变量。
7、全民健身中的运动风险更应该关注心血管机能与运动风险的关联关系；其次为运动引发的疾病风险,再次为运动带来的损伤性风险。即需要从运动性心血管意外、运动性疾病、损伤三个层次探讨运动风险的评价方法、指标体系以及评价标准。
8、需要进一步完善体质研究理论,探索体质评价的新理论、新方法。进一步深入研究运动风险内因、外因与运动风险事件的逻辑关系及机制。
9、需要对运动风险进行多学科、综合性评价,尽快确定评价指标体系,制定评价标准。
Exercise both to enhance physical fitness, improve health, but also have a negative impact on health, causing health risks. Dialectical thinking and risk of cognitive theory to the essential attribute of the exercise to promote the movement risks from concept to the theory of sublimation.
Exercise Risk Study is to protect the "National Fitness Regulations " further in-depth follow and implement the important prerequisite for guiding the national science and fitness, security, technical support for fitness. Risk assessment exercise to build a theoretical system of the rich connotations of physical research, improve the guidance system of universal health services, to enhance the scientific nature of national fitness and safety of great significance.
In this study, combing literature combined with the speculative, logical reasoning and evidence-based combination of theoretical analysis and empirical method of combining, exploratory exercise risks against the basic theory and evaluation system conducted a systematic analysis and empirical research.
Study concluded that:
1、The risk of a broad movement is movement on human health, survival and development has brought uncertainty. Movement reveals the concept of the risk of generalized risk areas for the study of motion and movement system of the basic structure of risk theory.
Risk of narrowly defined movement is the people engaged in sports or related activities, the uncertainty of loss. Sports events can trigger the body of the risk, material and spiritual losses.
2、Exercise risk is the risk of the formation of movement internal and external risk interaction, interaction. Risk assessment of the movement should be evaluation of the risk as the main internal factors, including physical health is a major factor in internal evaluation; on the risk assessment of external factors is to study ways and movement environmental movement in the role of risk events and mechanisms of formation.
3、Exercise is the essence of the risk of movement occurred under conditions of health risks, physical theory is the theory and the health risks of the study support the theory of movement.
4、Exercise risk of movement concerning the contents of natural and social sciences. Among them, the constitution is the perspective of sports-risk nature of the unique perspective, the ultimate goal is to evaluate the formation of physical fitness services and link building campaign security early warning mechanism.
5、Exercise risk assessment exercise is the core of the theoretical system optimization campaign risk factors, evaluation form, build index system of risk assessment exercise to establish risk assessment standards movement.
6、The age, the sex are the movement risk assessment basic grouping variable, the physique level, the physiological load of exercise and the movement environment are the rating secondary variables.
7、The risk of the national fitness campaign should concern the risk of cardiovascular functions and sports association relationship; followed by movement induced disease risk, once again brought to sports injury risk. The need to exercise cardiovascular accidents, motor diseases, sports injuries of the three levels of risk assessment methods, indicator systems and evaluation criteria.
8、Needs to further consummate the physique research theory, the exploration physique appraisal new theory, the new method. Further deep research movement risk internal cause, external factor and movement risk event's logical relation and mechanism.
9、Exercise risk need to bulid a multidisciplinary, integrated assessment, evaluation index system as soon as possible to determine, formulate evaluation criteria.
运动风险研究是保障《全民健身条例》进一步深入贯彻并落实的重要前提,是指导国民科学健身、安全健身的技术保障。构建运动风险评价理论体系,对丰富体质研究内涵,完善全民健身服务指导体系,提升全民健身的科学性与安全性具有重大意义。
本研究采用文献梳理与思辨相结合、逻辑推理与循证相结合、理论分析与实证相结合的方法,探索性地对运动风险的基本理论和评价体系进行了系统分析与实证研究。
主要研究结论为：
1、广义的运动风险是指运动对人的健康、生存与发展所带来的不确定性。运动风险的广义概念揭示了运动风险研究的范畴以及运动风险理论体系的基本结构。
狭义的运动风险是指人在从事运动或相关活动中遭受损失的不确定性。运动风险事件可引发机体性、物质性和精神性损失。
2、运动风险的形成是风险内因与风险外因相互影响、相互作用的结果。对运动风险的评价应该以风险内因的评价为主体,其中体质健康是内因评价中的主要因素；对风险外因的评价主要是研究运动方式与运动环境在风险事件形成中作用与机制。
3、运动风险的本质是运动条件下发生的健康风险,体质理论与健康理论是运动风险研究的支撑理论。
4、运动风险研究的内容涉及自然科学和社会科学。其中,体质是透视、研究运动风险本质的独特视角,最终目标是形成体质评价与全民健身服务的纽带,构建运动安全预警机制。
5、运动风险评价理论体系的核心是优选运动风险形成因素的评价方法、构建运动风险评价的指标体系,确立运动风险的评价标准。
6、年龄、性别是运动风险评价的基本分组变量,体质水平、运动负荷与运动环境是评级的次级变量。
7、全民健身中的运动风险更应该关注心血管机能与运动风险的关联关系；其次为运动引发的疾病风险,再次为运动带来的损伤性风险。即需要从运动性心血管意外、运动性疾病、损伤三个层次探讨运动风险的评价方法、指标体系以及评价标准。
8、需要进一步完善体质研究理论,探索体质评价的新理论、新方法。进一步深入研究运动风险内因、外因与运动风险事件的逻辑关系及机制。
9、需要对运动风险进行多学科、综合性评价,尽快确定评价指标体系,制定评价标准。
Exercise both to enhance physical fitness, improve health, but also have a negative impact on health, causing health risks. Dialectical thinking and risk of cognitive theory to the essential attribute of the exercise to promote the movement risks from concept to the theory of sublimation.
Exercise Risk Study is to protect the "National Fitness Regulations " further in-depth follow and implement the important prerequisite for guiding the national science and fitness, security, technical support for fitness. Risk assessment exercise to build a theoretical system of the rich connotations of physical research, improve the guidance system of universal health services, to enhance the scientific nature of national fitness and safety of great significance.
In this study, combing literature combined with the speculative, logical reasoning and evidence-based combination of theoretical analysis and empirical method of combining, exploratory exercise risks against the basic theory and evaluation system conducted a systematic analysis and empirical research.
Study concluded that:
1、The risk of a broad movement is movement on human health, survival and development has brought uncertainty. Movement reveals the concept of the risk of generalized risk areas for the study of motion and movement system of the basic structure of risk theory.
Risk of narrowly defined movement is the people engaged in sports or related activities, the uncertainty of loss. Sports events can trigger the body of the risk, material and spiritual losses.
2、Exercise risk is the risk of the formation of movement internal and external risk interaction, interaction. Risk assessment of the movement should be evaluation of the risk as the main internal factors, including physical health is a major factor in internal evaluation; on the risk assessment of external factors is to study ways and movement environmental movement in the role of risk events and mechanisms of formation.
3、Exercise is the essence of the risk of movement occurred under conditions of health risks, physical theory is the theory and the health risks of the study support the theory of movement.
4、Exercise risk of movement concerning the contents of natural and social sciences. Among them, the constitution is the perspective of sports-risk nature of the unique perspective, the ultimate goal is to evaluate the formation of physical fitness services and link building campaign security early warning mechanism.
5、Exercise risk assessment exercise is the core of the theoretical system optimization campaign risk factors, evaluation form, build index system of risk assessment exercise to establish risk assessment standards movement.
6、The age, the sex are the movement risk assessment basic grouping variable, the physique level, the physiological load of exercise and the movement environment are the rating secondary variables.
7、The risk of the national fitness campaign should concern the risk of cardiovascular functions and sports association relationship; followed by movement induced disease risk, once again brought to sports injury risk. The need to exercise cardiovascular accidents, motor diseases, sports injuries of the three levels of risk assessment methods, indicator systems and evaluation criteria.
8、Needs to further consummate the physique research theory, the exploration physique appraisal new theory, the new method. Further deep research movement risk internal cause, external factor and movement risk event's logical relation and mechanism.
9、Exercise risk need to bulid a multidisciplinary, integrated assessment, evaluation index system as soon as possible to determine, formulate evaluation criteria.
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