一种拼装式集雨水窖结构优化设计
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摘要
水窖作为调控地表径流、降低水土流失动力、高效利用雨水资源的重要工程设施,在工农业生产及生态环境建设中得到广泛的应用。针对现有水窖在设计、生产应用中存在的施工周期长、投资大、工艺复杂,不便于规模化、标准化生产的问题,通过文献查阅、实地调研、理论分析、结构计算等手段,初步设计出一种橡塑预制件拼装式水窖,得到如下结论:
1、基于调研分析,目前广泛使用的胶泥水窖、混凝土水窖等窖型存在的主要问题是:建材运输成本高、施工难度及危险性大,对土质要求高,施工工艺复杂、工程周期长,造价高,难于标准化、规模化生产。解决此问题,利用新型高分子材料,采用预制构件拼装水窖是一个较优的选择;
2、基于对水窖的使用环境、受力荷载、使用情况、制作工艺及所选水工材料的特性的综合分析,选择拼装水窖的窖型为瓶形;
3、基于拼装橡塑水窖的受力特点,采用有限元结构计算理论,在对通用FEMLAB软件进行初步验证的基础上,对给出的橡塑窖体形状、材料、厚度等结构进行优化计算。优化的窖型结构为内加强肋圆柱壳体、球面壳体,拼装方法采用螺杆机械式拼接,便于空间可重复利用。当水窖容积为10m~3,采用圆柱壳和削球壳相结合的“瓶形”窖体,当选用水窖半径R和窖壁高度H的比值R/H为优化参数时,R/H的合理值为1/2。内加强肋壳体与普通壳体相比材料节省了24.5%。
4、采用上述设计参数,当水窖边壁材料选取PP,窖底采用一布二膜柔性高分子材料,所设计的10m3水窖造价为2600元左右。初步分析认为,虽然造价略高于甘肃省“窖灌田”工程的混凝土水窖平均造价,但低于陕西延安地区水窖造价。考虑到其安装方便,节省工时,便于标准化、规模化生产的实际,初步认为其性能价格比还是较高的。
During agricultural and industrial production as well as ecological environment construction, water cellar has been widely used as an important establishment to control surface runoff, reduce power of soil and water loss and use rainwater resources efficiently. For current water cellar, however, there are a number of shortcomings, such as too long building time, high investment, complex techniques, difficulty in massive and standardized production during its construction. Therefore, through literature referencing, field survey, theoretical analysis and structural calculation, a kind of conjoined rubber-plastic water cellar was designed. The conclusion is as follows:
1. Based on investigation and analysis, the main disadvantages of current plaster and concrete water cellar are high transporting cost of materials, difficult construction, high risk, strict requirement for soil, complex techniques, long building time, high cost, difficulty in massive and standardized production. Therefore, adopting new macromolecule materials, prefabricated conjoined water cellar is an optimal choice.
2. According to surrounding environment, bearing loads, applying conditions, producing skill and material properties, the conjoined water cellar is bottle shaped.
3. According to load-bearing characteristics of conjoined rubber-plastic water cellar and calculating theory about finite element framework, based on preliminary verification to universal FEMLAB software, the optimum structural calculation about shape, material and thickness of given water cellar was completed. The optimum form of water cellar is made up of cylindrical shell with internal reinforced rib and spherical shell installed with gearing robotistic method, which can be favorable for reutilization of space. When the volume of cellar is 10m3, the optimal ratio of cylinder radius and wall height is 1/2. In such a case, the cost of materials can be saved by 24.5%.
4. According to above designing parameters, if material of cellar wall is PP and that of bottom is flexible macromolecule material, the cost of 10m3 water cellar is about 2600 yuan. Preliminary analysis showed that the cost is slightly higher than average cost of concrete cellar in“Project of Water Cellar Irrigating Field”in Gansu province but lower than that in Yan’an Shaanxi. Because of its convenient installation, saving labor and standardization, the conjoined water cellar have higher price performance ratio.
1、基于调研分析,目前广泛使用的胶泥水窖、混凝土水窖等窖型存在的主要问题是:建材运输成本高、施工难度及危险性大,对土质要求高,施工工艺复杂、工程周期长,造价高,难于标准化、规模化生产。解决此问题,利用新型高分子材料,采用预制构件拼装水窖是一个较优的选择;
2、基于对水窖的使用环境、受力荷载、使用情况、制作工艺及所选水工材料的特性的综合分析,选择拼装水窖的窖型为瓶形;
3、基于拼装橡塑水窖的受力特点,采用有限元结构计算理论,在对通用FEMLAB软件进行初步验证的基础上,对给出的橡塑窖体形状、材料、厚度等结构进行优化计算。优化的窖型结构为内加强肋圆柱壳体、球面壳体,拼装方法采用螺杆机械式拼接,便于空间可重复利用。当水窖容积为10m~3,采用圆柱壳和削球壳相结合的“瓶形”窖体,当选用水窖半径R和窖壁高度H的比值R/H为优化参数时,R/H的合理值为1/2。内加强肋壳体与普通壳体相比材料节省了24.5%。
4、采用上述设计参数,当水窖边壁材料选取PP,窖底采用一布二膜柔性高分子材料,所设计的10m3水窖造价为2600元左右。初步分析认为,虽然造价略高于甘肃省“窖灌田”工程的混凝土水窖平均造价,但低于陕西延安地区水窖造价。考虑到其安装方便,节省工时,便于标准化、规模化生产的实际,初步认为其性能价格比还是较高的。
During agricultural and industrial production as well as ecological environment construction, water cellar has been widely used as an important establishment to control surface runoff, reduce power of soil and water loss and use rainwater resources efficiently. For current water cellar, however, there are a number of shortcomings, such as too long building time, high investment, complex techniques, difficulty in massive and standardized production during its construction. Therefore, through literature referencing, field survey, theoretical analysis and structural calculation, a kind of conjoined rubber-plastic water cellar was designed. The conclusion is as follows:
1. Based on investigation and analysis, the main disadvantages of current plaster and concrete water cellar are high transporting cost of materials, difficult construction, high risk, strict requirement for soil, complex techniques, long building time, high cost, difficulty in massive and standardized production. Therefore, adopting new macromolecule materials, prefabricated conjoined water cellar is an optimal choice.
2. According to surrounding environment, bearing loads, applying conditions, producing skill and material properties, the conjoined water cellar is bottle shaped.
3. According to load-bearing characteristics of conjoined rubber-plastic water cellar and calculating theory about finite element framework, based on preliminary verification to universal FEMLAB software, the optimum structural calculation about shape, material and thickness of given water cellar was completed. The optimum form of water cellar is made up of cylindrical shell with internal reinforced rib and spherical shell installed with gearing robotistic method, which can be favorable for reutilization of space. When the volume of cellar is 10m3, the optimal ratio of cylinder radius and wall height is 1/2. In such a case, the cost of materials can be saved by 24.5%.
4. According to above designing parameters, if material of cellar wall is PP and that of bottom is flexible macromolecule material, the cost of 10m3 water cellar is about 2600 yuan. Preliminary analysis showed that the cost is slightly higher than average cost of concrete cellar in“Project of Water Cellar Irrigating Field”in Gansu province but lower than that in Yan’an Shaanxi. Because of its convenient installation, saving labor and standardization, the conjoined water cellar have higher price performance ratio.
引文
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