水电站机组振动特性研究
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摘要
水电站机组的运行特性主要包括三个方面的内容:一是能量特性,二是空化和空蚀特性,三是机组的稳定性。能量特性和空蚀空化特性关系到机组的利用程度和机组的使用寿命,但是稳定性不仅关系到机组的使用寿命而且关系到机组以至于电站能否正常运行。同时,由于机组振动诱发的水电站厂房结构的振动已经成为水电站运行和设计的关键问题。现有的传统分析方法可以对水电站机组和厂房振动信号进行有效的分析及机组和厂房振动故障的诊断,传统的傅里叶分析方法对平稳信号的分析已经成熟,能够有效的对平稳信号进行有效的分析,但是傅里叶分析方法对非平稳信号的分析则存在一定的缺陷,甚至显得无能为力。小波、信息熵技术等现代处理手段的出现和发展在信号处理方面显示出了其优越性和广阔的发展前景。本文就是以宁夏青铜峡水利枢纽机组的实测信号,利用小波分析理论的小波分解和小波能谱熵及多分辨率奇异谱熵理论对信号进行处理分析,研究水力机组运行的振动特性。具体思路和研究内容如下:
第一章绪论部分简要介绍水电站机组振动现状、存在的问题和发展动态,对小波、信息熵等现代信号处理方法及本课题所要解决的问题进行归纳和说明。
第二章主要具体结合青铜峡机组和厂房振动的实测信号,利用传统的傅里叶分析方法对机组的振动测试进行分析和研究,从不同角度综合评价机组的运行稳定性,指出诱发机组振动的多种因素,并结合实测信号的分析确定青铜峡机组振动的振源。
第三章简要介绍了小波和信息熵理论的发展历史及其理论,及小波和信息熵相结合的小波熵理论在信号分析当中的运用和发展趋势。
第四章,利用小波与信息熵理论对青铜峡机组部件和摆度实测信号进行分析,并结合对尾水管脉动压力信号的奇异谱熵分析结果对青铜峡振动信号进行分析,指出青铜峡机组尾水管压力脉动对机组振动的影响。
第五章总结和展望,指出在本论文中存在的及需要进一步加以研究和解决的问题。
The operation characteristics of Water Turbine Generator Set mainly include energy, cavitation and stability. Energy is related to extent of water-power utilization; cavitation is related to service life of turbine; the stability not only has great effect to turbine life, but also is directly related to the normal operation of power station. Meanwhile, the vibration of plant structure induced by water-power set has become key problem in designing and operation. The traditional analysis method has good effect in the analysis of vibration signal of power station and damage diagnosis of Water Turbine Generator Set. Fourier transform which is mutual in the analysis of steady signal has limited application in the analysis of unsteady signal. The development of Wavelet analysis has been gradually presenting their advantage and extensive prospect in analysis of measured signal. Based on the actual measurement data of Qingtong-Gorge power station, this paper is aiming to study the vibration characteristics of water-power set with the wavelet decomposing of wavelet analysis theory , wavelet energy entropy and multi-resolution singular spectrum entropy.
In chapter 1, general situation, the development and existed conditions of vibration of water-power set are introduced, the new method of signal analysis such as wavelet analysis, information entropy and problems to be solved in this paper are summarized.
In chapter 2, according to the measured data of Qingtong -Gorge water-power set, with the application method of traditional Fourier transform, the operation stability of the water-power set is assessed from different angles, thus the factors and the sources that induced the vibration of the water-power set are pointed out according to the analysis result of the measured data.
In chapter 3, the development history and the theory of wavelet and information entropy are introduced briefly, then the utility and the development tendency in the signal analysis of the theory of wavelet entropy are summarized.
In chapter 4, the measured signal of the components of the water-power set and the throw are analyzed with the application of the theory of wavelet and information entropy theory, thus according to the analysis result above, the vibration signal of Qington-gorge power-set is analyzed and the influence of Qington-gorge power-set draft-tube pulsant pressure on the vibration of power-set is clarified.
The content of the chapter 5 is the summary and the prospect, some problems that are needed to be further studied and resolved in this paper are pointed out.
第一章绪论部分简要介绍水电站机组振动现状、存在的问题和发展动态,对小波、信息熵等现代信号处理方法及本课题所要解决的问题进行归纳和说明。
第二章主要具体结合青铜峡机组和厂房振动的实测信号,利用传统的傅里叶分析方法对机组的振动测试进行分析和研究,从不同角度综合评价机组的运行稳定性,指出诱发机组振动的多种因素,并结合实测信号的分析确定青铜峡机组振动的振源。
第三章简要介绍了小波和信息熵理论的发展历史及其理论,及小波和信息熵相结合的小波熵理论在信号分析当中的运用和发展趋势。
第四章,利用小波与信息熵理论对青铜峡机组部件和摆度实测信号进行分析,并结合对尾水管脉动压力信号的奇异谱熵分析结果对青铜峡振动信号进行分析,指出青铜峡机组尾水管压力脉动对机组振动的影响。
第五章总结和展望,指出在本论文中存在的及需要进一步加以研究和解决的问题。
The operation characteristics of Water Turbine Generator Set mainly include energy, cavitation and stability. Energy is related to extent of water-power utilization; cavitation is related to service life of turbine; the stability not only has great effect to turbine life, but also is directly related to the normal operation of power station. Meanwhile, the vibration of plant structure induced by water-power set has become key problem in designing and operation. The traditional analysis method has good effect in the analysis of vibration signal of power station and damage diagnosis of Water Turbine Generator Set. Fourier transform which is mutual in the analysis of steady signal has limited application in the analysis of unsteady signal. The development of Wavelet analysis has been gradually presenting their advantage and extensive prospect in analysis of measured signal. Based on the actual measurement data of Qingtong-Gorge power station, this paper is aiming to study the vibration characteristics of water-power set with the wavelet decomposing of wavelet analysis theory , wavelet energy entropy and multi-resolution singular spectrum entropy.
In chapter 1, general situation, the development and existed conditions of vibration of water-power set are introduced, the new method of signal analysis such as wavelet analysis, information entropy and problems to be solved in this paper are summarized.
In chapter 2, according to the measured data of Qingtong -Gorge water-power set, with the application method of traditional Fourier transform, the operation stability of the water-power set is assessed from different angles, thus the factors and the sources that induced the vibration of the water-power set are pointed out according to the analysis result of the measured data.
In chapter 3, the development history and the theory of wavelet and information entropy are introduced briefly, then the utility and the development tendency in the signal analysis of the theory of wavelet entropy are summarized.
In chapter 4, the measured signal of the components of the water-power set and the throw are analyzed with the application of the theory of wavelet and information entropy theory, thus according to the analysis result above, the vibration signal of Qington-gorge power-set is analyzed and the influence of Qington-gorge power-set draft-tube pulsant pressure on the vibration of power-set is clarified.
The content of the chapter 5 is the summary and the prospect, some problems that are needed to be further studied and resolved in this paper are pointed out.
引文
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