高速公路路面结冰检测系统的研究
摘要
人们对道路交通气象信息的需求日益增长,而道路结冰是道路交通气象要素中最为重要的要素之一,与人们的日常生活、生产密不可分。因此,道路结冰的测量有着重要的意义。
本文在大量查阅了国内外结冰探测方法的基础上,设计了基于ZigBee协议的高速公路路面结冰检测系统。该系统利用温度、路面阻值、振动信息三个参数来综合判断路面结冰状况。针对高速公路中采集的终端节点数目多,分布范围广等特点,利用ZigBee无线传感器网络技术来进行数据的传输。本文首先阐述了论文研究背景、意义和价值,接着对ZigBee协议进行了研究并详细介绍了检测系统的总体设计方案,然后对系统的终端节点与协调器节点部分进行了详细的理论分析和设计。同时,本文根据高速公路的特点设计了符合实际情况的无线传感器网络,实现了数据的收发与系统的监测。并在最后给出了数据采集的方案、数据处理的方法与实验结果。本文利用CC2530无线单片机作为现场智能检测仪表的终端节点、路由器节点、协调器节点(用于现场监控以及远程通信)。在基于CC2530无线芯片的基础上,根据实际道路路面状况的区别,利用ZigBee协议组成了多种网络,实现了对温度、路面阻值等常规参数的检测。经过测试,本系统工作稳定可靠,具有一定的市场价值和良好的发展前景。
With the problems of population, resources, environment and disaster in modern society are becoming increasingly prominent, people have growing demand on road traffic weather information and meteorological service. Ice road is one of the most important road meteorological elements inseparable with people's daily life. Therefore, the measurement of icy roads has important significance,
In this paper, an icy detection system on highway road based on ZigBee protocol is designed after a lot of access to domestic and foreign ice detection methods. Three parameters, temperature, pavement resistance and vibration information are taken into account to judgment pavement icy condition. Aiming at the features of big number of terminal nodes, widely distributing range, etc, the technology of ZigBee wireless sensor network is used for data transmission. First, this paper states the research background, importance and value, and introduces the overall system design in detail. Then, depth study and research of ZigBee protocol is conducted and detailed theoretical analysis and hardware design about terminal nodes and coordinator nodes are given. Meanwhile, according to the characteristic of highway, this paper designs wireless sensor network suitable for realistic situation, to achieve data transceiver and system monitoring. And finally solution of data collection, method of data processing and experiment results are given. CC2530 wireless microcontrollers are smart field instrumentation of terminal nodes, router nodes and coordinator nodes (for on-site monitoring and remote communication). According to the actual road surface conditions, based on CC2530 wireless chip, various of networks are made up with ZigBee protocol, to realize detection of temperature, road surface resistance and other conventional parameters. After cyclic test, the designed system works stable and reliable so that it has market value and good prospects for development.
本文在大量查阅了国内外结冰探测方法的基础上,设计了基于ZigBee协议的高速公路路面结冰检测系统。该系统利用温度、路面阻值、振动信息三个参数来综合判断路面结冰状况。针对高速公路中采集的终端节点数目多,分布范围广等特点,利用ZigBee无线传感器网络技术来进行数据的传输。本文首先阐述了论文研究背景、意义和价值,接着对ZigBee协议进行了研究并详细介绍了检测系统的总体设计方案,然后对系统的终端节点与协调器节点部分进行了详细的理论分析和设计。同时,本文根据高速公路的特点设计了符合实际情况的无线传感器网络,实现了数据的收发与系统的监测。并在最后给出了数据采集的方案、数据处理的方法与实验结果。本文利用CC2530无线单片机作为现场智能检测仪表的终端节点、路由器节点、协调器节点(用于现场监控以及远程通信)。在基于CC2530无线芯片的基础上,根据实际道路路面状况的区别,利用ZigBee协议组成了多种网络,实现了对温度、路面阻值等常规参数的检测。经过测试,本系统工作稳定可靠,具有一定的市场价值和良好的发展前景。
With the problems of population, resources, environment and disaster in modern society are becoming increasingly prominent, people have growing demand on road traffic weather information and meteorological service. Ice road is one of the most important road meteorological elements inseparable with people's daily life. Therefore, the measurement of icy roads has important significance,
In this paper, an icy detection system on highway road based on ZigBee protocol is designed after a lot of access to domestic and foreign ice detection methods. Three parameters, temperature, pavement resistance and vibration information are taken into account to judgment pavement icy condition. Aiming at the features of big number of terminal nodes, widely distributing range, etc, the technology of ZigBee wireless sensor network is used for data transmission. First, this paper states the research background, importance and value, and introduces the overall system design in detail. Then, depth study and research of ZigBee protocol is conducted and detailed theoretical analysis and hardware design about terminal nodes and coordinator nodes are given. Meanwhile, according to the characteristic of highway, this paper designs wireless sensor network suitable for realistic situation, to achieve data transceiver and system monitoring. And finally solution of data collection, method of data processing and experiment results are given. CC2530 wireless microcontrollers are smart field instrumentation of terminal nodes, router nodes and coordinator nodes (for on-site monitoring and remote communication). According to the actual road surface conditions, based on CC2530 wireless chip, various of networks are made up with ZigBee protocol, to realize detection of temperature, road surface resistance and other conventional parameters. After cyclic test, the designed system works stable and reliable so that it has market value and good prospects for development.
引文
[1]冯佩芝,李翠金.中国主要气象灾害分析(1951-1980)[M].第1版.北京：气象出版社,1985.
[2]冯民学,顾松山,卞光辉.高速公路浓雾监测预警系统[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(3)：92-97.
[3]中国气象局.突发气象灾害预警信号发布试行办法.北京：中国气象局.气发[2004]206号.
[4]Shuvo Roy,Alain Izad,Russell GDe Anna et al.Smart ice detection systems based on resonant piezoelectric transducers.Sensors and Actuators A 69,1998:243-250.
[5]陈廷良.现代运输机航空气象学[M].第1版.北京：气象出版社,1992.
[6]S. Roy, A. Izad, R. G DeAnna, and M. Mehregany, Smart ice detection systems based on resonant piezoelectric transducers. Sensors and Actuators A:phisical,vol.69,1998:243-250.
[7]T. Meindl, W. Moniaci, E. Pasero, and M. Riccardi. An Embedded Hardware-Software System to Detect and Foresee Road Ice Formation[C]. Vancouver, Canada:International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN),2006:4884-4891.
[8]E. Pasero, W. Moniaci, and G Raimondo, AWIS:an Airport Winter Information System. Prague, Czech Republic:ⅩⅣ Standing International Road Weather Commission (SIRWEC), 2008:190-194.
[9]A. Troiano, E. Pasero,and L. Mesin, An innovative water and ice detection system for monitoring road and runway surfaces.Ph.D.Research in Microelectronins and Electronics (PRME),2010 Conference on 2010:1-4.
[10]AmedeoTroiano, ErosPasero and Luca Mesin. New System for Detecting Road Ice Formation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation And Measuremment,2011,3(60). 1091-1101.
[11]H. Gao, J.L. Rose. Ice Detection and Classifcation on an Aircraft Wing with Ultrasonic Shear Horizontal Guided Waves[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Ferquency control,2009,2(56):334-344.
[12]华中科技大学.光纤式结冰传感器[P].中国.实用新型专利,申请号200720088402.2008.
[13]焦正,吴明红,王德庆.分布式传感器网络研究进展[J].传感器世界,2004,19(10)：11-12.
[14]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用(IEEE802.15.4)[J]北京邮电大学出版社,2006,12(6)：30-32.
[15]张洪润.传感器技术大全[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[16]徐勇军,安竹林,蒋文丰,姜鹏无线传感器网络实验教程[M].北京理工大学出版社.
[17]李善仓,张克旺.无线传感器网络原理与应用[M].机械工业出版社.2008年3月.
[18]吕治安ZigBee网络原理与应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社版,2005年2月.
[19]信息产业部电信研究院通信信息研究所新技术新业务研究部：2007年无线新技术展望[J]现代电信科技.2007年1月：1-10
[20]商莹.基于ZigBee的CC2430无线自动抄表系统的研究与设计[D].太原理工大学.
[21]黄向骥.基于CC2430的无线智能家居系统的设计[D].武汉理工大学.2010.
[22]Texas Instruments.2.4GHz IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee-Ready RF Transceiver(Rev.B)[EB/OL]. (2006)[2007 03].httP://foeus.ti/com/lit/ds/syslink/cc2530.pdf.
[23]IEEE802.15.4 Part15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks,Oetober 2003.
[24]李成春.基于CC2430无线多参数传感器检测网络的设计[D].江苏大学2010.
[25]朱亚军,罗东云.水质在线监测的无线网络系统设计[J].光盘技术2009,2(35)：49.
[26]肖广兵.网络化自动气站站的研制[D].南京信息工程大学,2009.
[27]秦建敏.基于空气、冰与水的电导率检测冰厚的理论与研究[D].西安理工大学,2005.
[28]郭宏亮.基于空气、水、冰电容差异的冰层厚度测量系统[D].太原理工大学,2007.
[29]李霞.利用空气、冰与水的电阻、温度特性差异进行冰情检测的应用研究[D].太原理工大学,2008.
[30]窦银科.基于冰的微弱直流导电性冰层厚度自动化观测系统[D].太原理工大学,2004.
[31]李敏,孟臣.串行接口中文图形点阵液晶显示模块的应用[J].电子技术与应用,2003.08：43-46.
[32]LM4040 Datasheet Micrel, Inc.
[33]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础(第三版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2001.
[34]宋成璞.无人值守机房远程监控系统的研制[D].大连理工大学,2007.
[35]李方园.人机界面设计与应用[M].北京：化学工业出版,2008,2.
[36]启啸.单片机数据通信技术入门到精通[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2002,11.
[37]CC2530 Datasheet Texas Instruments. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/be61382 9647d27284 b7351ee.html.
[38]飞比论坛http://www.feibit.com/.
[39]锋硕电子科技有限公司http://fuccesso.com.cn/.
[40]Claude Castelluccia Security in Ad-hoc and sensor Network[M]北京：北京燕山出版社.2005,03.
[41]樊平毅,冯重熙.现代通信理论基础(中册)网络理论[M].清华大学出版社,2007,05.
[42]任少华.基于ZigBee的远程抄表系统收发功能模块的研制[D].四川：四川大学,2006.
[43]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007：5-10,20-3.
[44]李江全,张丽,岑红蕾Visual Basic串口通信与测控应用技术实战详解[M].人民邮电出版社,2007.
[45]范逸之Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002：58-66.
[46]李王辉ZigBee在电力信息管理系统中的应用[D].天津大学.2008.
[2]冯民学,顾松山,卞光辉.高速公路浓雾监测预警系统[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(3)：92-97.
[3]中国气象局.突发气象灾害预警信号发布试行办法.北京：中国气象局.气发[2004]206号.
[4]Shuvo Roy,Alain Izad,Russell GDe Anna et al.Smart ice detection systems based on resonant piezoelectric transducers.Sensors and Actuators A 69,1998:243-250.
[5]陈廷良.现代运输机航空气象学[M].第1版.北京：气象出版社,1992.
[6]S. Roy, A. Izad, R. G DeAnna, and M. Mehregany, Smart ice detection systems based on resonant piezoelectric transducers. Sensors and Actuators A:phisical,vol.69,1998:243-250.
[7]T. Meindl, W. Moniaci, E. Pasero, and M. Riccardi. An Embedded Hardware-Software System to Detect and Foresee Road Ice Formation[C]. Vancouver, Canada:International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN),2006:4884-4891.
[8]E. Pasero, W. Moniaci, and G Raimondo, AWIS:an Airport Winter Information System. Prague, Czech Republic:ⅩⅣ Standing International Road Weather Commission (SIRWEC), 2008:190-194.
[9]A. Troiano, E. Pasero,and L. Mesin, An innovative water and ice detection system for monitoring road and runway surfaces.Ph.D.Research in Microelectronins and Electronics (PRME),2010 Conference on 2010:1-4.
[10]AmedeoTroiano, ErosPasero and Luca Mesin. New System for Detecting Road Ice Formation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation And Measuremment,2011,3(60). 1091-1101.
[11]H. Gao, J.L. Rose. Ice Detection and Classifcation on an Aircraft Wing with Ultrasonic Shear Horizontal Guided Waves[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Ferquency control,2009,2(56):334-344.
[12]华中科技大学.光纤式结冰传感器[P].中国.实用新型专利,申请号200720088402.2008.
[13]焦正,吴明红,王德庆.分布式传感器网络研究进展[J].传感器世界,2004,19(10)：11-12.
[14]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用(IEEE802.15.4)[J]北京邮电大学出版社,2006,12(6)：30-32.
[15]张洪润.传感器技术大全[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[16]徐勇军,安竹林,蒋文丰,姜鹏无线传感器网络实验教程[M].北京理工大学出版社.
[17]李善仓,张克旺.无线传感器网络原理与应用[M].机械工业出版社.2008年3月.
[18]吕治安ZigBee网络原理与应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社版,2005年2月.
[19]信息产业部电信研究院通信信息研究所新技术新业务研究部：2007年无线新技术展望[J]现代电信科技.2007年1月：1-10
[20]商莹.基于ZigBee的CC2430无线自动抄表系统的研究与设计[D].太原理工大学.
[21]黄向骥.基于CC2430的无线智能家居系统的设计[D].武汉理工大学.2010.
[22]Texas Instruments.2.4GHz IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee-Ready RF Transceiver(Rev.B)[EB/OL]. (2006)[2007 03].httP://foeus.ti/com/lit/ds/syslink/cc2530.pdf.
[23]IEEE802.15.4 Part15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks,Oetober 2003.
[24]李成春.基于CC2430无线多参数传感器检测网络的设计[D].江苏大学2010.
[25]朱亚军,罗东云.水质在线监测的无线网络系统设计[J].光盘技术2009,2(35)：49.
[26]肖广兵.网络化自动气站站的研制[D].南京信息工程大学,2009.
[27]秦建敏.基于空气、冰与水的电导率检测冰厚的理论与研究[D].西安理工大学,2005.
[28]郭宏亮.基于空气、水、冰电容差异的冰层厚度测量系统[D].太原理工大学,2007.
[29]李霞.利用空气、冰与水的电阻、温度特性差异进行冰情检测的应用研究[D].太原理工大学,2008.
[30]窦银科.基于冰的微弱直流导电性冰层厚度自动化观测系统[D].太原理工大学,2004.
[31]李敏,孟臣.串行接口中文图形点阵液晶显示模块的应用[J].电子技术与应用,2003.08：43-46.
[32]LM4040 Datasheet Micrel, Inc.
[33]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础(第三版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2001.
[34]宋成璞.无人值守机房远程监控系统的研制[D].大连理工大学,2007.
[35]李方园.人机界面设计与应用[M].北京：化学工业出版,2008,2.
[36]启啸.单片机数据通信技术入门到精通[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2002,11.
[37]CC2530 Datasheet Texas Instruments. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/be61382 9647d27284 b7351ee.html.
[38]飞比论坛http://www.feibit.com/.
[39]锋硕电子科技有限公司http://fuccesso.com.cn/.
[40]Claude Castelluccia Security in Ad-hoc and sensor Network[M]北京：北京燕山出版社.2005,03.
[41]樊平毅,冯重熙.现代通信理论基础(中册)网络理论[M].清华大学出版社,2007,05.
[42]任少华.基于ZigBee的远程抄表系统收发功能模块的研制[D].四川：四川大学,2006.
[43]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007：5-10,20-3.
[44]李江全,张丽,岑红蕾Visual Basic串口通信与测控应用技术实战详解[M].人民邮电出版社,2007.
[45]范逸之Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002：58-66.
[46]李王辉ZigBee在电力信息管理系统中的应用[D].天津大学.2008.