春小麦品种品质特性与兰州拉面品质关系的研究
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摘要
本研究选用甘肃河西春麦区9个主栽小麦品种,以及8种市售商品面
    粉为实验材料。测定了9个小麦品种出粉率和所有材料的面粉白度、蛋白
    质含量、颗粒度、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量、面筋指数、SDS-沉淀值、
    降落数值、面团流变学特性等23项小麦品质性状和拉制成面条后的食用
    感观品质。研究了面粉特性与面条品质的相关性及主要影响拉面品质的小
    麦品质性状。通过回归分析探讨了兰州拉面粉的品质指标,对9个小麦品
    种的面条品质进行了初步评估,主要结果如下:
    1.拉面品质是许多小麦品质性状综合作用的结果。
    1.1 蛋白质含量对拉面品质有正向作用。蛋白质含量高,拉面的适口性、
    韧性、粘性都很好。蛋白质含量却显著影响面条的色泽,蛋白质含量高的
    面粉一般白度较低,但是,蛋白质对面条韧性与口感的正向作用大于对色
    泽的负作用。制作拉面的面粉蛋白质含量应以11.5~13%为宜。
    1.2 湿面筋含量对面条总评分影响不显著,但干面筋含量与面筋指数对
    面条总评分显著影响。二者主要影响面条的韧性和粘性,干面筋含量也与
    面条色泽显著负相关。因此,制作面条的面粉干面筋含量不宜过高。
    1.3 SDS-沉淀值与面条质地有极显著关系,与面条粘性和韧性的相关系
    数分别为0.63和0.69,但与色泽显著负相关。因此,通过对SDS-沉淀值
    与面条总评分回归分析表明:SDS-沉淀值应在45ml~65ml之间。
    1.4 面团流变学特性对面条品质尤其是面条口感和质地影响很大。粉质
    特性中面团形成时间(Tpr)、稳定时间(Tol)、250秒的跌落值(D250)
    与450秒的跌落值(D450)与面条的韧性的相关系数分别为0.57、0.59、
    -0.83、-0.79前两个达到显著水平,后两个达到极显著水平。吹泡特性中
    除面团的变形功(W)外,其它指标与面条的适口性都有显著或极显著的
    相关。而且面团的延伸性(A)和延伸能力(Ex)与面条的色泽呈显著负
    
    
    相关,相关系数分别为:-0.58、-0石2。后者达到极显著水平。
    1.5小麦的磨粉品质主要决定面条色泽和口感。小麦出粉率和面粉白度
    对面条色泽和表观有显著影响,其中白度与面条色泽和表观的相关系数分
    别为O.引、0.57。而小麦出粉率与白度和表观的相关系数为-队57、-0.54,
    同时与面条的光滑性之间呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0石7。
    1.6灰分和降落数值对面条也有一定影响,灰分影响面条光滑性;降落
    数值影响面条的适口性和粘性。灰分与面条光滑性的相关系数为刁.49。因
    此,制作面条的面粉灰分含量应低。降落数值与面条适口性和粘性的相关
    系数分别为-0.69、0石4都达到极显著水平。回归分析建议拉面粉的降落数
    值应在500~600秒之间。
    2.蛋白质含量、SDS沉淀值、面筋指数、D250、D450、Fb、白度、T/A、
    出粉率、Tpr、Tol、A、干面筋含量、降落数值是影响拉面品质的重要因
    素。
    3.优质兰州拉面粉指标为:蛋白质含量:11.5-1n认S*S i冗淀值:
    45m卜65ml、面筋指数:93%~95%、D250:应小于200Inb、D450:
    350-650mb、Fb:150EJ-220EJ、V’:280~320EJ、白度:76-sl、T/A:
    0.25一 0.5、出粉率:66~68%、Tpr:190~ 210 S、Tol:300一 450 S、
    A:150~Z10nun、干面筋含量:12~14%、降落数值:500~600 s。
    4.在9个主推品种中2014、张春17号、甘春20号、武春2号四个小麦
    品种经适当搭配可生产拉面专用粉。
Nine spring wheat cultivars, which were mainly cultivars of Hexi area in
     Gansu Province, were planted in Gaotai County in 2000 growing season. and
     eight flours were bought from the market. The Granular size, flour protein
     content, wet-gluten content. SDS-sedimentation value, farinograph parameters,
     extension graph parameters. ash content, falling number and noodle-making
     quality were investigated and effects of protein content. Alveograph
     parameters. extension graph parameters on extended-noodle were determined.
     The major results are presented below.
    
     I .Various wheat quality traits affect various quality characters of the
     extended-noodle.
    
     1.1 Protein content has positive impact on extended-noodle texture, while
     it negatively effects on extended-noodle color and appearance.
     Extended-noodle toughness and stickiness are significantly correlated with
     protein content. The correlation coefficients are 0.7 and 0.79 respectively.
     while extend-noodle color and appearance are negatively correlated with the
     protein content. For the positive effects stronger than the negative effects, the
     protein content should belong to 11.5% 13%.
    
     1.2 Wet-gluten content without the significantly correlation to the
     extended-noodle score, but the dry-gluten and gluten index has positive impact
     on extended-noodle texture. But gluten content is negatively correlated with
     the color of the extended-noodle. As a trait of the gluten, gluten index is an
     important trait to evaluate the quality of the extended-noodle. The mid-high
    
     3
    
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     ~Th 2000 ~ WA
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
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     Th~T~iI~.
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     (Macaroni) ~~憈2~ (Spaghetti); ~/J~}~1~
     (Oriental Noodle), ~t~t~: ~ H ~~f1IJ~
    
    
    
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    gluten content wheat could be the better noodle wheat.
    
     1.3 SDS-sedimentation has remarkable effects on extended-noodle
     toughness and stickiness. With the regression analysis, the optimal value
     should between 45ml 65m1.
    
     1.4 Dough alveograph parameters have strong positive relationship
     between the extended-noodle score. The correlation coefficients between the
     dough developing time, stable time and the dough degression after 250
     seconds and 450 seconds to the noodle score are 0.57, 0.59, -0.83 and -0.79
     respectively.
    
     1.5 The wheat milling character has significant relationship with the color
     and taste. The extraction rate and the flour whiteness have the positive effects
     on the extended-noodle; the correlation coefficients between extraction rate
     and the flour whiteness to the extended-noodle color are 0.51 and 0.57
     respectively. The extraction rate has the negative effect on the smoothness of
     the noodle too. the correlation coefficients between extraction rate to
     sm
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