特种桩机上车的力学建模与仿真分析
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摘要
近年来随着风电产业的快速发展,滩涂区域风力资源的开发越发炙手可热,而其恶劣的自然环境阻止了丰富风能的开发,解决问题的关键就是研发有效的滩涂风机安装配套设备,特种桩机作为其中的一员,完成滩涂区域的桩基础施工。
特种桩机可分为上部工作装置和履带底盘,采用模块化设计,本文主要研究上部工作装置部分,主要的研究内容如下:
首先根据设计要求,完成特种桩机的概念化设计;根据现场的实验数据,初步完成柴油锤的选型;接着根据柴油锤和PHC桩的相关尺寸确定桅杆的长度,选取合理的截面形式;同时考虑不同导轨形式对桅杆变形的影响,完成初步的桅杆设计;对于优化后的模型,进行了受力分析,完成变幅机构油缸的选型以及运动参数的确定,同时对整机重要性能参数进行了校核。
初始桅杆设计上部变形量较大,不能满足使用要求,对常用的两种加强方式做一对比,同时考虑工艺性的影响,确定了加双斜撑的加强方案。在满足使用要求的基础上合理安排桅杆油缸和斜撑的装配尺寸,使得结构获得更优化的配置。然后对桅杆进行模态分析,考虑打桩锤的击桩频率对桅杆变形的影响。
最后是对变幅调整工况的运动学、动力学解析分析和软件仿真,主要研究各部件质心的运动特性和各铰接点的受力变化曲线,研究变幅机构的特性以及变幅角度对铰接点受力的影响,指导产品操作,更加可靠的作业。
With the rapid development of the wind power industry in recent years, the wind resource in the beach has taken more and more attention, but its bad natural environment prevents the development of the rich wind energy. The key solution for this problem is development of effective wind turbines installed equipments. As one of them, special pile driver completes the construction of pile foundation in beach area.
Special pile driver is composed by the upper working unit and chassis, modular design, this paper is main doing the research on the upper working unit, the main contents are as follows:
Completing the conceptual design according to the design requirements at first, then by the experimental data of the site, completing the selection of diesel hammer. Considering the related dimensions of PHC pile and diesel hammer to determine the length of the mast; selecting the reasonable form of cross-section, then taking into account the different forms of rail to complete the preliminary mast design. Calculating for the selection of cylinders and motion parameters, then calibrating the important performance parameters of the machine.
In order to access the structure to meet the requirements, taking the static analysis for the initial established virtual prototype in the workbench by method of comparative analysis, and taking into account for the manufacturability at the same time. By changing the arrangement size of the cylinder and bracing, making the structure obtain a more optimal configuration. In order to see the impact of mast by the diesel hammer, taking modal analysis for mast to find out its natural frequency. After all of this, making analysis and simulation for kinematics and dynamics researchs the movement characteristics for centroid of each part and the force curve of the hinge points. Researching the characteristics of luffing and its effect for the force of hinge points to guide the product operation for more reliable.
特种桩机可分为上部工作装置和履带底盘,采用模块化设计,本文主要研究上部工作装置部分,主要的研究内容如下:
首先根据设计要求,完成特种桩机的概念化设计;根据现场的实验数据,初步完成柴油锤的选型;接着根据柴油锤和PHC桩的相关尺寸确定桅杆的长度,选取合理的截面形式;同时考虑不同导轨形式对桅杆变形的影响,完成初步的桅杆设计;对于优化后的模型,进行了受力分析,完成变幅机构油缸的选型以及运动参数的确定,同时对整机重要性能参数进行了校核。
初始桅杆设计上部变形量较大,不能满足使用要求,对常用的两种加强方式做一对比,同时考虑工艺性的影响,确定了加双斜撑的加强方案。在满足使用要求的基础上合理安排桅杆油缸和斜撑的装配尺寸,使得结构获得更优化的配置。然后对桅杆进行模态分析,考虑打桩锤的击桩频率对桅杆变形的影响。
最后是对变幅调整工况的运动学、动力学解析分析和软件仿真,主要研究各部件质心的运动特性和各铰接点的受力变化曲线,研究变幅机构的特性以及变幅角度对铰接点受力的影响,指导产品操作,更加可靠的作业。
With the rapid development of the wind power industry in recent years, the wind resource in the beach has taken more and more attention, but its bad natural environment prevents the development of the rich wind energy. The key solution for this problem is development of effective wind turbines installed equipments. As one of them, special pile driver completes the construction of pile foundation in beach area.
Special pile driver is composed by the upper working unit and chassis, modular design, this paper is main doing the research on the upper working unit, the main contents are as follows:
Completing the conceptual design according to the design requirements at first, then by the experimental data of the site, completing the selection of diesel hammer. Considering the related dimensions of PHC pile and diesel hammer to determine the length of the mast; selecting the reasonable form of cross-section, then taking into account the different forms of rail to complete the preliminary mast design. Calculating for the selection of cylinders and motion parameters, then calibrating the important performance parameters of the machine.
In order to access the structure to meet the requirements, taking the static analysis for the initial established virtual prototype in the workbench by method of comparative analysis, and taking into account for the manufacturability at the same time. By changing the arrangement size of the cylinder and bracing, making the structure obtain a more optimal configuration. In order to see the impact of mast by the diesel hammer, taking modal analysis for mast to find out its natural frequency. After all of this, making analysis and simulation for kinematics and dynamics researchs the movement characteristics for centroid of each part and the force curve of the hinge points. Researching the characteristics of luffing and its effect for the force of hinge points to guide the product operation for more reliable.
引文
1.倪云林,辛华龙,刘勇.我国海上风电的发展与技术现状分析.能源工程. 2009, (4):21~22
2. A. R. Henderson. Offshore Wind in Europe The Current State of the Art . Refocus. 2002, 3(2):14
3. G. Gaudiosi. Offshore Wind Energy in the World Context. Renewable Energy. 1996, 9(2):75
4.江波,肖晶晶,闫峻明.我国海上风电施工能力分析.可再生能源. 2007, 25(4):104
5. Z. Wang, C. Jiang, Q. Ai and C. Wang. The Key Technology of Offshore Wind Farm and Its New Development in China. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2009, 13(1):216~217
6.刘琦,许移庆.海上风电投资分析.电器工业. 2009, (6):45
7.凌申.江苏沿海风能资源禀赋与开发利用研究.资源开发与市场. 2010, (1):18
8.黄维平,刘建军,赵战华.海上风电基础结构研究现状及发展趋势.海洋工程. 2009, 27(2):130~134
9. B. W. Byrne, G. T. Houlsby. Foundations for offshore wind turbines. Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2003, 361(1813):2909~2911
10. S. Davies. Foundations that can take the strain [wind turbines]. Engineering & Technology. 2010, 5(2):44~47
11.林毅峰,李健英,沈达,宋础.东海大桥海上风电场风机地基基础特性及设计.上海电力. 2007, (2):153
12.高山.国内外桩工机械生产发展概况.工程机械与维修. 1997, (4):12~13
13. S. Pan, J. Pu and K. Yin. Development of Pile Driver and Load Set for Pile Group in Centrifuge. Geotechnical Testing Journal. 1999, 22(4):317~323
14.张启军.国内外旋挖钻机发展现状与结构特点分析.建设机械技术与管理. 2006, (6):59~62
15.郭传新,马建中等.中国桩工机械概况.建筑机械. 2002, (10):9
16.姚本峰.柴油桩锤应用及改进.中国水运. 2007, (6):72~73
17. B. G. Lyzo, Y. V. Dmitrevich and L. N. Terenetskii. New Pile-driving Tubular Diesel Hammers . Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 1970, 7(1):47
18.黄志明.日本基础工程机械发展现状.建筑机械. 2002, (10):11
19.王启茂,王江天.液压打桩锤在海港基桩工程中的应用.中国港湾建设. 2003,(6):10~11
20. B. Zhang, B. Xu, C. Xia and H. Yang. Modeling and Simulation on Axial Piston Pump Based on Virtual Prototype Technology. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2009, (1):84
21. T. Huang, H. Li and H. Guo. Construction Virtual Prototyping a Survey of Use. Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management. 2009, 9(4): 420~433
22.王刚,杨莺,刘少军.虚拟样机技术在工程机械领域的应用.工程机械. 2003, (8):11
23.姜龙.预制桩的沉桩阻力分析.油气田地面工程. 2007, 26(8):48~49
24.赵伟民,冯欣华等.旋挖钻机常用钻桅截面结构的有限元分析.建筑机械化. 2006, (12):39~42
25. B. Willian. Things engineers should know before using FEA(finite element analysis). Design News. 2000, 24(55):85
26. G. R. Liu, S. S. Quek. The finite element method. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2003:14
27. R. D. Cook, D. S. Malkus and M. E. Plesha. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis. Wiley. 2007:2~10
28. D. V. Hutton. Fundamentals of finite element analysis. McGraw-Hill Education. 2007:15
29. D. Paul, W. Bob. FEA loads and constraints:what designers should know. Machine Design. 2004, 76(22):72~73
30. K. L. Lawrence. ANSYS Workbench Tutorial Release 11. Schroff Development Corporation. 2007:98~107
31. C. Wang, R. Liu, Z. Deng and H. Gao. Optimum Design of Lander Structure Based on Finite Element Method. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series). 2009, 16(12):22
32. Y. Collette. Multiobjective Optimization: Principles and Case Studies. Springer. 2004:4~20
33.曾祥亮,李力,肖露.基于ANSYS Workbench的钢模台车优化设计.工艺与装备. 2009, (11):103
34. S. L. Avila, A. C. Lisboa, L. Krahenbuhl and W. P. Carpes. Sensitivity Analysis Applied to Decision Making in Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2006, 42(4):1103~1106
35. A. Balbas, E. Galperin and P. Guerra. Sensitivity of Pareto Solutions in Multiobjective Optimization. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. 2005, 126(2): 247~264
36.万长东.基于有线元方法的车架模态分析.机械工程师. 2009, (7):104
37. K. M. Bajoria, K. K. Sangle and R. S. Talicotti. Modal Analysis of Cold-formedPallet Rack Structures with Semi-rigid Connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2010, 66(3):428
38. Y. Y. Hung, S. Y. Hung, Y. H. Huang, L. Liu and S. P. Ng. Hybrid Holographic-numerical Method for Modal Analysis of Complex Structures. Optics & Laser Technology. 2010, 42(1):237~238
39. J. J. Xu. Disc Brake Low Frequency Creep Groan Simulation Using ADAMS. 2000 ADAMS International User Conference. 2000:20
40. R. Swift. Flexible Body Contact for Modeling Squeal in Braking Systems. 2002 MDI North American Users Conference. 2002:17
41. D. C. Riesland. Virtual Prototyping Brake Systems Using ADAMS. 1998 ADAMS International User Conference. 1998:15
42. B. Paul. Kinematics and Dynamics of Planar Machinery. Prentice-Hall INC. 1989:2~85
2. A. R. Henderson. Offshore Wind in Europe The Current State of the Art . Refocus. 2002, 3(2):14
3. G. Gaudiosi. Offshore Wind Energy in the World Context. Renewable Energy. 1996, 9(2):75
4.江波,肖晶晶,闫峻明.我国海上风电施工能力分析.可再生能源. 2007, 25(4):104
5. Z. Wang, C. Jiang, Q. Ai and C. Wang. The Key Technology of Offshore Wind Farm and Its New Development in China. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2009, 13(1):216~217
6.刘琦,许移庆.海上风电投资分析.电器工业. 2009, (6):45
7.凌申.江苏沿海风能资源禀赋与开发利用研究.资源开发与市场. 2010, (1):18
8.黄维平,刘建军,赵战华.海上风电基础结构研究现状及发展趋势.海洋工程. 2009, 27(2):130~134
9. B. W. Byrne, G. T. Houlsby. Foundations for offshore wind turbines. Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2003, 361(1813):2909~2911
10. S. Davies. Foundations that can take the strain [wind turbines]. Engineering & Technology. 2010, 5(2):44~47
11.林毅峰,李健英,沈达,宋础.东海大桥海上风电场风机地基基础特性及设计.上海电力. 2007, (2):153
12.高山.国内外桩工机械生产发展概况.工程机械与维修. 1997, (4):12~13
13. S. Pan, J. Pu and K. Yin. Development of Pile Driver and Load Set for Pile Group in Centrifuge. Geotechnical Testing Journal. 1999, 22(4):317~323
14.张启军.国内外旋挖钻机发展现状与结构特点分析.建设机械技术与管理. 2006, (6):59~62
15.郭传新,马建中等.中国桩工机械概况.建筑机械. 2002, (10):9
16.姚本峰.柴油桩锤应用及改进.中国水运. 2007, (6):72~73
17. B. G. Lyzo, Y. V. Dmitrevich and L. N. Terenetskii. New Pile-driving Tubular Diesel Hammers . Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 1970, 7(1):47
18.黄志明.日本基础工程机械发展现状.建筑机械. 2002, (10):11
19.王启茂,王江天.液压打桩锤在海港基桩工程中的应用.中国港湾建设. 2003,(6):10~11
20. B. Zhang, B. Xu, C. Xia and H. Yang. Modeling and Simulation on Axial Piston Pump Based on Virtual Prototype Technology. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2009, (1):84
21. T. Huang, H. Li and H. Guo. Construction Virtual Prototyping a Survey of Use. Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management. 2009, 9(4): 420~433
22.王刚,杨莺,刘少军.虚拟样机技术在工程机械领域的应用.工程机械. 2003, (8):11
23.姜龙.预制桩的沉桩阻力分析.油气田地面工程. 2007, 26(8):48~49
24.赵伟民,冯欣华等.旋挖钻机常用钻桅截面结构的有限元分析.建筑机械化. 2006, (12):39~42
25. B. Willian. Things engineers should know before using FEA(finite element analysis). Design News. 2000, 24(55):85
26. G. R. Liu, S. S. Quek. The finite element method. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2003:14
27. R. D. Cook, D. S. Malkus and M. E. Plesha. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis. Wiley. 2007:2~10
28. D. V. Hutton. Fundamentals of finite element analysis. McGraw-Hill Education. 2007:15
29. D. Paul, W. Bob. FEA loads and constraints:what designers should know. Machine Design. 2004, 76(22):72~73
30. K. L. Lawrence. ANSYS Workbench Tutorial Release 11. Schroff Development Corporation. 2007:98~107
31. C. Wang, R. Liu, Z. Deng and H. Gao. Optimum Design of Lander Structure Based on Finite Element Method. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series). 2009, 16(12):22
32. Y. Collette. Multiobjective Optimization: Principles and Case Studies. Springer. 2004:4~20
33.曾祥亮,李力,肖露.基于ANSYS Workbench的钢模台车优化设计.工艺与装备. 2009, (11):103
34. S. L. Avila, A. C. Lisboa, L. Krahenbuhl and W. P. Carpes. Sensitivity Analysis Applied to Decision Making in Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2006, 42(4):1103~1106
35. A. Balbas, E. Galperin and P. Guerra. Sensitivity of Pareto Solutions in Multiobjective Optimization. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. 2005, 126(2): 247~264
36.万长东.基于有线元方法的车架模态分析.机械工程师. 2009, (7):104
37. K. M. Bajoria, K. K. Sangle and R. S. Talicotti. Modal Analysis of Cold-formedPallet Rack Structures with Semi-rigid Connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2010, 66(3):428
38. Y. Y. Hung, S. Y. Hung, Y. H. Huang, L. Liu and S. P. Ng. Hybrid Holographic-numerical Method for Modal Analysis of Complex Structures. Optics & Laser Technology. 2010, 42(1):237~238
39. J. J. Xu. Disc Brake Low Frequency Creep Groan Simulation Using ADAMS. 2000 ADAMS International User Conference. 2000:20
40. R. Swift. Flexible Body Contact for Modeling Squeal in Braking Systems. 2002 MDI North American Users Conference. 2002:17
41. D. C. Riesland. Virtual Prototyping Brake Systems Using ADAMS. 1998 ADAMS International User Conference. 1998:15
42. B. Paul. Kinematics and Dynamics of Planar Machinery. Prentice-Hall INC. 1989:2~85