基于CAN总线的社区用电远程管理的研究
摘要
在工业过程控制领域,以微电子技术和网络技术为基础的现场总线,正处于迅速发展和推广应用的阶段。本课题以社区用电远程抄表系统为对象,对CAN(Controller Area Network)总线智能节点和CAN总线控制系统进行设计开发。在提高企业的自动化水平,减少设计费用,增加系统运行的可靠性等方面,做一些前期的理论和技术工作。
本文首先分析FCS的优缺点,对FCS的发展和现状进行回顾和调查分析,并对现有几种主要的现场总线规范进行比较。在此基础上,再根据具体对象——远程抄表系统的特点,选择适用于中小型控制系统的CAN总线与RS232、RS485进行组网,搭建成一个结构简单、功能较强、易扩展的控制系统。
本课题的具体工作是设计CAN/RS485转接盒(集中控制器)、CAN-RS232转发器和管理中心主机的监控管理软件。其中,CAN总线接口的硬、软件设计是本课题的重点。在详细研究CAN总线工作原理的基础上,利用CAN独立控制器SJA1000芯片,实现CAN/RS485和CAN/RS232两个转发器,并开发相应的管理控制和网络通信软件系统。在管理PC机上,利用Visual C++6.0高级语言,开发相应的小区电量计量和收费管理系统的可视监控软件,实现现场总线控制系统的主要功能。
从硬、软件方面,对智能控制器进行多种可靠性和抗干扰性设计,诸如光电隔离、去耦合、看门狗、后备电源、设置软件陷阱等方法。另外,系统采用模拟I~2C串行总线,以优化单片机系统设计,减少单片机与外部器件的连线数量。
课题工作中,实现了实验性的基于CAN现场总线控制系统。总体看来,这套系统具有较高的可靠性、连接方便、硬件结构简单、性价比高等特点,适用于一般的场合,但要实现产品化,还需做许多细致的工作。
In the field of industrial control, the fieldbus, which is based on the techniques in microelectronics and network, is now undergoing a fast development and wide application. On the basis of the system of transmitting remote meter data, the study is mainly concerned with the design of a measurement & control node in CAN (Controller Area Network) and a CAN network control system.
The advantage and the disadvantage of FCS are analyzed. Comparison is made on the present fieldbus systems. Then, considering the object, the CAN bus is selected to complete the control system together with RS485 and RS232. Because CAN bus is more suitable to mid and small sized control systems.
The duty of the study is to design the CAN/RS485 controller, the CAN/RS232 controller and the visual monitoring software. The hardware and software design of the interface to CAN bus is the focus of the study. On the basis of a comprehensively study on the principles of CAN bus, interfaces of CAN/RS232 and CAN/RS485, is realized with SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN Controller, as well as the corresponding network communication software. And the corresponding visual monitoring software is designed with Visual C++, realizing part of primary function of FCS.
Taking account of heavy disturbing environment factor, many methods are adopted in controllers, for example, optoelectronic isolated circuit, removing coupling circuit, watchdog circuit, backup power, and so on. The simulated serial bus of I C is used in the control system, in order to optimize the design of single-chip microcomputer system and achieve connection between single-chip microcomputer and external apparatus using lesser line.
An experimental FCS based on CAN bus is realized. In total, this system features high reliability, feasibility, simplicity, high performance/price ratio, and so on. But, in order to coming into being series of CAN products, there is much particular work to be done.
本文首先分析FCS的优缺点,对FCS的发展和现状进行回顾和调查分析,并对现有几种主要的现场总线规范进行比较。在此基础上,再根据具体对象——远程抄表系统的特点,选择适用于中小型控制系统的CAN总线与RS232、RS485进行组网,搭建成一个结构简单、功能较强、易扩展的控制系统。
本课题的具体工作是设计CAN/RS485转接盒(集中控制器)、CAN-RS232转发器和管理中心主机的监控管理软件。其中,CAN总线接口的硬、软件设计是本课题的重点。在详细研究CAN总线工作原理的基础上,利用CAN独立控制器SJA1000芯片,实现CAN/RS485和CAN/RS232两个转发器,并开发相应的管理控制和网络通信软件系统。在管理PC机上,利用Visual C++6.0高级语言,开发相应的小区电量计量和收费管理系统的可视监控软件,实现现场总线控制系统的主要功能。
从硬、软件方面,对智能控制器进行多种可靠性和抗干扰性设计,诸如光电隔离、去耦合、看门狗、后备电源、设置软件陷阱等方法。另外,系统采用模拟I~2C串行总线,以优化单片机系统设计,减少单片机与外部器件的连线数量。
课题工作中,实现了实验性的基于CAN现场总线控制系统。总体看来,这套系统具有较高的可靠性、连接方便、硬件结构简单、性价比高等特点,适用于一般的场合,但要实现产品化,还需做许多细致的工作。
In the field of industrial control, the fieldbus, which is based on the techniques in microelectronics and network, is now undergoing a fast development and wide application. On the basis of the system of transmitting remote meter data, the study is mainly concerned with the design of a measurement & control node in CAN (Controller Area Network) and a CAN network control system.
The advantage and the disadvantage of FCS are analyzed. Comparison is made on the present fieldbus systems. Then, considering the object, the CAN bus is selected to complete the control system together with RS485 and RS232. Because CAN bus is more suitable to mid and small sized control systems.
The duty of the study is to design the CAN/RS485 controller, the CAN/RS232 controller and the visual monitoring software. The hardware and software design of the interface to CAN bus is the focus of the study. On the basis of a comprehensively study on the principles of CAN bus, interfaces of CAN/RS232 and CAN/RS485, is realized with SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN Controller, as well as the corresponding network communication software. And the corresponding visual monitoring software is designed with Visual C++, realizing part of primary function of FCS.
Taking account of heavy disturbing environment factor, many methods are adopted in controllers, for example, optoelectronic isolated circuit, removing coupling circuit, watchdog circuit, backup power, and so on. The simulated serial bus of I C is used in the control system, in order to optimize the design of single-chip microcomputer system and achieve connection between single-chip microcomputer and external apparatus using lesser line.
An experimental FCS based on CAN bus is realized. In total, this system features high reliability, feasibility, simplicity, high performance/price ratio, and so on. But, in order to coming into being series of CAN products, there is much particular work to be done.
引文
[1]陈启军,陈辉堂,王月娟.民用建筑和新型住宅小区智能化研究.电气自动化,2000,1;
[2]李建岐,吕为.自动抄表系统中通信技术方案的探讨.华北电力技术,1999.2:
[3]王朝洪,宋文军.居民用电自动抄表技术方案分析与比较.山东电力技术.1998,5;
[4]裘玉瑞.现场控制系统.工业控制计算机,1999,5;
[5]王金全,方忠华,仲未央.工业控制系统的现状与展望.中国电力,1998,1;
[6]潘天红.分布式控制系统智能控制器的研究:[学位论文].江苏大学,2000;
[7]陈露晨.计算机通信接口技术.电子科技大学出版社,1999,12(1);
[8]邱公伟,赵祥元,巫淑萍.实时控制与智能仪表多微机系统的通信技术.清华大学出版社,1996,7(1):
[9]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用.清华大学出版社,1999,6(1);
[10]Fieldbus Tutorial.http://www.smar.com,2000;
[11]刘曙光.现场总线技术的进展与展望.自动化与仪表,2000,3;
[12]George Thomas.ETHERNET,ARCNET,and CAN-Proposed Network Hierarchy for Open Control.http://www.ccontrols.com,1999;
[13]曾刚,彭楚武,贺蓉,朱志杰,李斌.一种远程集中抄表系统的设计与实现.湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,第1期;
[14]任条娟.住宅“三表”自动抄收系统的开发.电子与自动化,2000,3;
[15]何朝阳.一种远程电力用户集中抄表系统方案.电子与自动化,1999,4;
[16]何立民.单片机高级教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000,8(1);
[17]何为民.低功耗单片微机系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1994,4(1);
[18]何立民.1~2C总线应用系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1995,2(1);
[19]袁静萍,厉荣卫..实时时钟芯片X1203在三表远传计量收费管理系统中的应用.电子技术.2001,3:
[20]李昔华,王益贤.串行实时时钟芯片X1203及其应用.渝州大学学报(自 然科学版),2000,第4期;
[21]杨帮文.实用电池充电器与保护器电路集锦.电子工业出版社,2000,11(1);
[22]何立民.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000,2(1);
[23]赵汉杰.DCS系统的抗干扰措施.自动化博览,2000,4;
[24]邬宽明.CAN总线原理和应用系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1996,10:
[25]张培仁,王洪波.独立CAN总线控制器SJAl000.国外电子元器件,2001.1:
[26]SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller.PHILIPS DATA SHEET.
[27]Peter Hank,Egon Johnk.SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller.http://www.semiconductors.philips.com,1997.12;
[28]PCA82C250 CAN Transceiver.PHILIPS DATA SHEET.
[29]周宝龙,岳继光,萧蕴诗.基于CAN控制器的对等式单片机多机系统的通信.电子技术应用,2001,2;
[30]肖海荣,周风余.基于SJAl000的CAN总线系统智能节点设计.计算机自动测量与控制,2001,9;
[31]SN75LBCl 84具有瞬变电压抑制的RS-485收发器.http://www.p8s.com
[32]曹保根.一主从式RS485应用系统的设计与调试.电子技术,2000,2;
[33]余济临.用RS485构成远程分布式数据采集与控制网络.电子技术,1999,4:
[34]胡劲松,吴捷.微型机与多台单片机的双向呼叫通信方法.自动化仪表,1998,12;
[35]马正红,万伟.PC串行口DTR、RTS信号的特殊用法.电子技术,2000,6;
[36]刘家彬,秦炳歧.DCS控制软件的新结构.自动化博览,1999,2;
[37]杨振坤.中小型DCS组态软件的设计与开发.计算机工程与应用,2000,1;
[38]邬宽明.CAN总线系统设计中的几个问题.·电子技术应用,1998,9;
[39]Egon Johnk,Klaus Dietmayer.Determination of Bit Timing Parameters for SJA 1000 CAN Controller.http://www.semiconductors.philips.com,1997,7;
[40]杨颂,邱云超,费敏锐.Windows环境下实现串行通信的3种常用方法及比较.自动化与仪表,2000,4;
[41]吕文哲,黄强.再谈用Visual C++开发Windows环境下串行通信程序.电子技术应用,1998,9;
[42]王世同,李强.Visual C++6.0编程基础.清华大学出版社,1999,6(1);
[43]前导工作室编译.Visual C++6.0开发使用手册.机械工业出版社,1999,2(1);
[44]殷人昆,田金兰,马晓勤编译.实用面向对象软件工程教程.电子工业出版社,1998,6(1);
[45]梁普选,梁津,刘玉芬编译.Visual C++6.0数据库编程大全.电子工业出版社,2000,3(1);
[46]李勇建,涂奉生.ODBC技术及其应用.自动化博览,2000,4;
[2]李建岐,吕为.自动抄表系统中通信技术方案的探讨.华北电力技术,1999.2:
[3]王朝洪,宋文军.居民用电自动抄表技术方案分析与比较.山东电力技术.1998,5;
[4]裘玉瑞.现场控制系统.工业控制计算机,1999,5;
[5]王金全,方忠华,仲未央.工业控制系统的现状与展望.中国电力,1998,1;
[6]潘天红.分布式控制系统智能控制器的研究:[学位论文].江苏大学,2000;
[7]陈露晨.计算机通信接口技术.电子科技大学出版社,1999,12(1);
[8]邱公伟,赵祥元,巫淑萍.实时控制与智能仪表多微机系统的通信技术.清华大学出版社,1996,7(1):
[9]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用.清华大学出版社,1999,6(1);
[10]Fieldbus Tutorial.http://www.smar.com,2000;
[11]刘曙光.现场总线技术的进展与展望.自动化与仪表,2000,3;
[12]George Thomas.ETHERNET,ARCNET,and CAN-Proposed Network Hierarchy for Open Control.http://www.ccontrols.com,1999;
[13]曾刚,彭楚武,贺蓉,朱志杰,李斌.一种远程集中抄表系统的设计与实现.湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,第1期;
[14]任条娟.住宅“三表”自动抄收系统的开发.电子与自动化,2000,3;
[15]何朝阳.一种远程电力用户集中抄表系统方案.电子与自动化,1999,4;
[16]何立民.单片机高级教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000,8(1);
[17]何为民.低功耗单片微机系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1994,4(1);
[18]何立民.1~2C总线应用系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1995,2(1);
[19]袁静萍,厉荣卫..实时时钟芯片X1203在三表远传计量收费管理系统中的应用.电子技术.2001,3:
[20]李昔华,王益贤.串行实时时钟芯片X1203及其应用.渝州大学学报(自 然科学版),2000,第4期;
[21]杨帮文.实用电池充电器与保护器电路集锦.电子工业出版社,2000,11(1);
[22]何立民.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000,2(1);
[23]赵汉杰.DCS系统的抗干扰措施.自动化博览,2000,4;
[24]邬宽明.CAN总线原理和应用系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1996,10:
[25]张培仁,王洪波.独立CAN总线控制器SJAl000.国外电子元器件,2001.1:
[26]SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller.PHILIPS DATA SHEET.
[27]Peter Hank,Egon Johnk.SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller.http://www.semiconductors.philips.com,1997.12;
[28]PCA82C250 CAN Transceiver.PHILIPS DATA SHEET.
[29]周宝龙,岳继光,萧蕴诗.基于CAN控制器的对等式单片机多机系统的通信.电子技术应用,2001,2;
[30]肖海荣,周风余.基于SJAl000的CAN总线系统智能节点设计.计算机自动测量与控制,2001,9;
[31]SN75LBCl 84具有瞬变电压抑制的RS-485收发器.http://www.p8s.com
[32]曹保根.一主从式RS485应用系统的设计与调试.电子技术,2000,2;
[33]余济临.用RS485构成远程分布式数据采集与控制网络.电子技术,1999,4:
[34]胡劲松,吴捷.微型机与多台单片机的双向呼叫通信方法.自动化仪表,1998,12;
[35]马正红,万伟.PC串行口DTR、RTS信号的特殊用法.电子技术,2000,6;
[36]刘家彬,秦炳歧.DCS控制软件的新结构.自动化博览,1999,2;
[37]杨振坤.中小型DCS组态软件的设计与开发.计算机工程与应用,2000,1;
[38]邬宽明.CAN总线系统设计中的几个问题.·电子技术应用,1998,9;
[39]Egon Johnk,Klaus Dietmayer.Determination of Bit Timing Parameters for SJA 1000 CAN Controller.http://www.semiconductors.philips.com,1997,7;
[40]杨颂,邱云超,费敏锐.Windows环境下实现串行通信的3种常用方法及比较.自动化与仪表,2000,4;
[41]吕文哲,黄强.再谈用Visual C++开发Windows环境下串行通信程序.电子技术应用,1998,9;
[42]王世同,李强.Visual C++6.0编程基础.清华大学出版社,1999,6(1);
[43]前导工作室编译.Visual C++6.0开发使用手册.机械工业出版社,1999,2(1);
[44]殷人昆,田金兰,马晓勤编译.实用面向对象软件工程教程.电子工业出版社,1998,6(1);
[45]梁普选,梁津,刘玉芬编译.Visual C++6.0数据库编程大全.电子工业出版社,2000,3(1);
[46]李勇建,涂奉生.ODBC技术及其应用.自动化博览,2000,4;