500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器故障信号识别与保护配合问题的研究
|
摘要
随着电网迅速发展,短路电流超标已经成为突出的问题。从根本上讲,合理的网络结构是降低短路电流水平最有效、最基本的方法。故障电流限制器(FCL)作为一种新的故障电流限制措施,在不改变电网潮流分布的同时起到限制故障电流的目的,具有很好的应用前景。
本文依托华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器示范工程,研究了故障电流限制器的故障信号快速识别方法和装置本体保护与系统保护的配合的问题,提出了BOD启动晶闸管阀旁路的后备保护,并将此技术申请了发明专利；提出了线路电流斜率与线路电流瞬时值配合方式,此配合方式是对线路电流斜率判据的有益补充,有利于故障电流限制器更快速地识别出故障信号；提出了改善装置对系统保护影响的方法；对装置本体保护与系统保护的配合提出了合理的建议。本文的研究成果为华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器示范工程提供参考。本文主要的工作如下：
首先用PSCAD-EMTDC搭建了华东500kV故障电流限制器等值系统,在该系统上对现有的可用于故障电流限制器的基于移相器和基于线路电流定积分的故障识别快速算法、BOD启动晶闸管阀旁路的后备保护方法进行了仿真分析。对线路电流瞬时值、线路电流斜率、MOV电流和MOV能耗这四个故障快速识别判据进行了检验,尤其重点研究分析了线路电流斜率和线路电流瞬时值在时间上的4种配合方式。仿真结果表明最佳配合方式是只要线路电流瞬时值和线路电流斜率相继达到整定值(不区分先后顺序),线路电流斜率保护就动作,二者相继时间为5ms。之后对基于线路电流斜率的故障信号快速识别判据用伊敏-冯屯串补工程和东明-三堡串补工程的现场暂态故障录波数据进行有意义的分析。
在FCL等值系统上对FCL对零序电流保护的影响；线路重合闸对FCL的影响及FCL断路器合闸失灵保护与线路保护的配合、线路联动保护等问题进行了理论研究和仿真分析。仿真结果表明：FCL的投入会使线路零序电流保护灵敏性降低甚至产生拒动。采用保护定值切换的方法可以保证零序电流保护正确动作；线路重合闸会对电容器组产生冲击,线路重合闸时宜保证FCL的旁路断路器在合位；FCL的旁路断路器合闸失灵保护能在旁路断路器没有正常合闸时通过跳开本条线路开关来保证晶闸管和GAP等FCL主设备的安全；线路联动保护能在线路远端故障,其他保护都不会动作的时候确保旁路断路器处于合闸位置。最后在华东电力试验研究院数字动模试验室进行FCL本体保护RTDS实验,实验结果证明线路电流斜率能够快速的识别出故障信号；FCL的断路器合闸失灵保护能在断路器没有正常合闸时通过跳开本条线路断路器来保证晶闸管等FCL主设备的安全；线路联动保护能在其他保护都不会动作的时候通过闭合旁路断路器来保证电容器组的安全。
With the fast development of grid, short-circuit current will be a serious problem. A reasonable network structure is the most effective and the most fundamental solution. Alternatively the fault current limiter (FCL) can limit the short-circuit current without changing the normal power flow. It is prospective.
Based on the fault current limiter demonstration project in East China 500kV power grid, the fast identification of fault signal of FCL and co-operation of FCL protection and system protection are studied. BOD triggering thyristor bypass as back-up protection was proposed in the dissertation and applied for a patent. The co-operation between the slope set value and the instantaneous set value of the line current was proposed, which is the supplement to line current slope criterion. Based on a new approach improving the effect of FCL on system protection, several reasonable proposals of co-operation between FCL protection and system protection were given. All the works provide reference for the fault current limiter demonstration project in East China 500kV power grid. The main works of the dissertation are as follows:
First, the equivalent system of the fault current limiter demonstration project in East China 500kV power grid is established using PSCAD-EMTDC. The existing fast identification method which can be used in FCL and other two new fast identification methods were simulated in the equivalent system. The identification criteria of fault signal based on the line current, the line current slope, the MOV current and the MOV energy are studied in details. The co-operation between the slope set value and the instantaneous set value of the line current are detailed with the aid of PSCAD simulation results. Simulation results show the best co-operation, i.e. the line current slope and the instantaneous value of the line current reach the setting values successively(without regard to sequence), and the interval is 5ms. After that, the criterion based on the line current slope is examined with the transient fault recorder data from Yimin-Fengtun series compensation project and Dongming-SanBao series compensation project.
Then, the effect of FCL on the zero-sequence current protection, the effect of circuit re-switching on FCL and the co-operation between FCL protection and line protection are studied theoretically and simulated on the equivalent system. Simulation results show that, the insert of FCL will reduce the sensitivity of zero-sequence current protection even make the protection fail to operate. The problem can be solved by switching the protection fixed value freely. Re-switching of circuit breaker will impact on the capacitor bank, and the FCL by-pass breaker must be closed when the circuit breaker re-switched. The FCL breaker closing failure protection can reclose the by-pass breaker and open the line breaker at the same time to protect the thyristors and other main equipments of FCL when the by-pass breaker fails to close. The line coupled protection can close the by-pass breaker to protect the capacitor banks when a remote fault occurs and other protections fail to operate. Finally, the dynamic simulation experiments of FCL protections were conducted in the Digital Dynamic Simulation Room of East China Electric Power Test Research Institute to inspect the operation characteristics of the FCL breaker failure protection and the line coupled protection in various operating conditions.
本文依托华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器示范工程,研究了故障电流限制器的故障信号快速识别方法和装置本体保护与系统保护的配合的问题,提出了BOD启动晶闸管阀旁路的后备保护,并将此技术申请了发明专利；提出了线路电流斜率与线路电流瞬时值配合方式,此配合方式是对线路电流斜率判据的有益补充,有利于故障电流限制器更快速地识别出故障信号；提出了改善装置对系统保护影响的方法；对装置本体保护与系统保护的配合提出了合理的建议。本文的研究成果为华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器示范工程提供参考。本文主要的工作如下：
首先用PSCAD-EMTDC搭建了华东500kV故障电流限制器等值系统,在该系统上对现有的可用于故障电流限制器的基于移相器和基于线路电流定积分的故障识别快速算法、BOD启动晶闸管阀旁路的后备保护方法进行了仿真分析。对线路电流瞬时值、线路电流斜率、MOV电流和MOV能耗这四个故障快速识别判据进行了检验,尤其重点研究分析了线路电流斜率和线路电流瞬时值在时间上的4种配合方式。仿真结果表明最佳配合方式是只要线路电流瞬时值和线路电流斜率相继达到整定值(不区分先后顺序),线路电流斜率保护就动作,二者相继时间为5ms。之后对基于线路电流斜率的故障信号快速识别判据用伊敏-冯屯串补工程和东明-三堡串补工程的现场暂态故障录波数据进行有意义的分析。
在FCL等值系统上对FCL对零序电流保护的影响；线路重合闸对FCL的影响及FCL断路器合闸失灵保护与线路保护的配合、线路联动保护等问题进行了理论研究和仿真分析。仿真结果表明：FCL的投入会使线路零序电流保护灵敏性降低甚至产生拒动。采用保护定值切换的方法可以保证零序电流保护正确动作；线路重合闸会对电容器组产生冲击,线路重合闸时宜保证FCL的旁路断路器在合位；FCL的旁路断路器合闸失灵保护能在旁路断路器没有正常合闸时通过跳开本条线路开关来保证晶闸管和GAP等FCL主设备的安全；线路联动保护能在线路远端故障,其他保护都不会动作的时候确保旁路断路器处于合闸位置。最后在华东电力试验研究院数字动模试验室进行FCL本体保护RTDS实验,实验结果证明线路电流斜率能够快速的识别出故障信号；FCL的断路器合闸失灵保护能在断路器没有正常合闸时通过跳开本条线路断路器来保证晶闸管等FCL主设备的安全；线路联动保护能在其他保护都不会动作的时候通过闭合旁路断路器来保证电容器组的安全。
With the fast development of grid, short-circuit current will be a serious problem. A reasonable network structure is the most effective and the most fundamental solution. Alternatively the fault current limiter (FCL) can limit the short-circuit current without changing the normal power flow. It is prospective.
Based on the fault current limiter demonstration project in East China 500kV power grid, the fast identification of fault signal of FCL and co-operation of FCL protection and system protection are studied. BOD triggering thyristor bypass as back-up protection was proposed in the dissertation and applied for a patent. The co-operation between the slope set value and the instantaneous set value of the line current was proposed, which is the supplement to line current slope criterion. Based on a new approach improving the effect of FCL on system protection, several reasonable proposals of co-operation between FCL protection and system protection were given. All the works provide reference for the fault current limiter demonstration project in East China 500kV power grid. The main works of the dissertation are as follows:
First, the equivalent system of the fault current limiter demonstration project in East China 500kV power grid is established using PSCAD-EMTDC. The existing fast identification method which can be used in FCL and other two new fast identification methods were simulated in the equivalent system. The identification criteria of fault signal based on the line current, the line current slope, the MOV current and the MOV energy are studied in details. The co-operation between the slope set value and the instantaneous set value of the line current are detailed with the aid of PSCAD simulation results. Simulation results show the best co-operation, i.e. the line current slope and the instantaneous value of the line current reach the setting values successively(without regard to sequence), and the interval is 5ms. After that, the criterion based on the line current slope is examined with the transient fault recorder data from Yimin-Fengtun series compensation project and Dongming-SanBao series compensation project.
Then, the effect of FCL on the zero-sequence current protection, the effect of circuit re-switching on FCL and the co-operation between FCL protection and line protection are studied theoretically and simulated on the equivalent system. Simulation results show that, the insert of FCL will reduce the sensitivity of zero-sequence current protection even make the protection fail to operate. The problem can be solved by switching the protection fixed value freely. Re-switching of circuit breaker will impact on the capacitor bank, and the FCL by-pass breaker must be closed when the circuit breaker re-switched. The FCL breaker closing failure protection can reclose the by-pass breaker and open the line breaker at the same time to protect the thyristors and other main equipments of FCL when the by-pass breaker fails to close. The line coupled protection can close the by-pass breaker to protect the capacitor banks when a remote fault occurs and other protections fail to operate. Finally, the dynamic simulation experiments of FCL protections were conducted in the Digital Dynamic Simulation Room of East China Electric Power Test Research Institute to inspect the operation characteristics of the FCL breaker failure protection and the line coupled protection in various operating conditions.
引文
[1]Breuer W, Povh D, Retzmann D,etal.Role of HVDC and FACTS in future power systems[C]. Conference of the Electric Power Supply Industry, Shanghai,2004.
[2]王华听,习贺勋,汤广福等.谐振型限流器最优投切策略研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(4)：36-39,51.
[3]袁娟,刘文颖,董明齐等.西北电网短路电流的限制措施[J].电网技术,2007,31(10)：42-45.
[4]石晶,邹积岩.故障电流限制技术及研究进展[J].电网技术,1999,23(12)：63-66.
[5]阮前途.上海电网短路电流控制的现状与对策[J].电网技术,2005,29(2)：78-83.
[6]张晚英,周有庆,赵伟明等.偏流切换桥路型高温超导故障限流器的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(6)：116-122.
[7]孙晶,宗曦华,何砚发等.感应屏蔽型高温超导故障电流限制器模型机研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(1)：81-84,103.
[8]李达义,陈乔夫,贾正春.基于磁通可控的可调电抗器的新原理[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(2)：116-120.
[9]Sugimoto S, Kida J, Arita H, etal. Principle and characteristics of a fault current limiter with series compensation[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,11(2):842-847.
[10]Schmitt H. Fault current limiters report on the activities of CIGRE WG A3.16[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Ouebec, Canada,2006.
[11]CIGRE WG A3.16. Fault current limiters-application principles and experience[C]. CIGRE SC A3 & B3 Joint Colloquium, Tokyo,2005.
[12]赵建军.静态同步串联补偿器机电暂态及电磁暂态特性研究[D].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2005.
[13]Yun Wei Li, Mahinda Vilathgamuwa D, Poh Chiang Loh, etal. A dual-functional medium voltage level DVR to limit downstream fault currents [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2007,22(4):1330-1340.
[14]Du Cui Qing. VSC-HVDC for industrial power systems[D]. Sweden:Chalmers University of Technology,2007.
[15]钱家骊,刘卫东,关永刚.非超导型故障电流限制器的技术经济分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(9)：42-43,61.
[16]Slade P G, Wu J L, Stacey EJ, etal. The utility requirements for a distribution fault current limiter[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1992,7(2):507-515.
[17]CIGRE WG A3.10. Fault current limiters report on the activities of CIGRE WG A3.10[R]. Siemens,2003.
[18]温家良,习贺勋,王华昕.500kV电网故障电流限制器的研究[R].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2005.
[19]王华听,习贺勋,汤广福等.面向超高压电网的故障限流器的应用研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(5)：99-102,113.
[20]肖茂友.经济型故障限流器的研究[D].济南：山东大学,2006.
[21]娄杰,李庆民,肖茂友等.基于快速开关的串联谐振型故障限流器的仿真[J].高电压技术,2006,32(5)：80-83.
[22]林集明,郑健超,刘长浥等.伊冯可控串补过电压保护控制及主动绝缘配合研究[J].电网技术,1998,22(6)：1-5.
[23]Gor V, Povh D, Lu Yichuan, etal. SCCL:A new type of FACTS based short-circuit current limiter for application in high-voltage systems[C]. CIGRE Session, Paris,2004.
[24]Xiao Liye, Lin Liangzhen. Recent progress of power application of superconductor in China[J]. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2007,17(2):2355-2360.
[25]钱家骊,徐国政,刘卫东.超导故障电流限制器的技术参数和要求的讨论[J].高压电气,2002,38(3)：42-45.
[26]李明,张小青.电力系统故障限流器技术的研究[J].电气时代,2005,4：54-56.
[27]章良栋,刘为,岑文辉等.一种新型短路电流限制器的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1997,21(7)：15-18.
[28]Kirschner L, Thumm G H. Design and experience with thyristor controlled and thyristor protected series capacitors[C]. IEEE Power Conference, Kunming, China,2002.
[29]Kirschner L, Bohn J, Sadek K. Thyristor protected series capacitor:design aspects [C]. AC-DC Power Transmission Conference, London,2001.
[30]董力.电流限制器的研究[D].北京：清华大学,2004.
[31]董力,李庆民,刘卫东等.两次电流转移型短路电流限制器的研究[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(3)：21-24.
[32]袁清芳,李兴源.具有串联补偿作用故障限流器的模糊稳定控制器[J].电力系统自动化.2004,28(3)：14-19.
[33]章良栋,刘为,岑文辉等.一种新型短路电流限制器的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1997,21(7)：34-39.
[34]郑清水,马志瀛,钱华.一种短路电流快速识别电路的研究[J].电工技术学报.2004,19(3)：99-102.
[35]荆平,武守远,邱宇峰,武芳.220kV成碧可控串补装置的保护配置[J].电网技术.2005,21(29)：5-9.
[36]孙雯,柴斌,荆平.TCSC装置中电容器过负荷保护的改进算法[J].继电器,2004,32(9)：78-80.
[37]祝谦,刘相枪.平果可控串补本体保护介绍[J].电网技术,2004,28(16)：73-77.
[38]胡玉峰,尹项根,陈德树,张哲.可控串补(TCSC)本体保护原理、配置及实现研究[J].继电器.2003,31(7)：28-33.
[39]冯宇,陈士军,陈奎,唐轶,TCSC过电压保护方式研究[J].继电器,2004,32(18)：29-32.
[40]丁扬.500kV阳-淮线串联补偿装置的保护配置原则[J].现代电力,2001,18(2):32-39.
[41]胡玉峰,尹项根,陈德树,张哲.TCSC的继电保护数字仿真研究[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(6)：21-26
[42]M. Adolfsson, C-H. Einvall, P. Lindberg, J. Samuelsson, L. Ahlgren, H. Edlund. EHV series capacitor banks, a new approach to platform to ground signaling, relay protection and supervision.[J] IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):99-100.
[43]刘慧文,肖逾男.固定串联补偿装置保护的典型配置方案[C].第二届电能质量及柔性输电技术研讨会,桂林,2008.
[44]喻劲松,荆平,戴朝波,赵勇,粘中元.华东500kV超高压电网串联谐振型故障电流限制器(FCL)保护配置研究[J]. 电网技术,已录用.
[45]蒋卫平,李新年,吕鹏飞,项祖涛,舒适.500 kV固定串补人工单相接地故障试验现场实测结果分析与仿真计算[J].电网技术,2009,33(1)：17-21.
[46]田芳,李亚楼等.电力系统全数字实时仿真装置[J].电网技术,2008,32(22)：17-22.
[47]Performance verification of TCSC control andprotection equipment using RTDS.
[48]RTDS, http://www.rdts.com/
[49]ARENE, http://www.anhelco.com/
[50]HYPERSIM, http://www.transenergie-tech.com/en/produits/hypersim.html
[51]郑三立,胡明亮,洪军等.电力系统数字动态实时仿真系统的研制和应用[J].现代电力,2003,20(6)：27-31.
[52]林集明,项祖涛,申洪.华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器基本设计与保护控制研究[R].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2007.
[53]邱宇峰,荆平等.500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器控制保护策略研究报告[R].北京：中国电力科学研究院.,2008.
[54]钱锋,徐平,劳建明.超高压电网故障电流限制器示范工程设备布置方案研究-可行性研究报告[R].杭州：浙江省电力设计院,2008.
[55]荆平,戴朝波,金雪芬,武守远.一种击穿二极管启动触发晶闸管阀串旁路的装置[P].发明专利,受理号：200810239779.7
[56]汤广福,蓝元良等.华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器晶闸管阀的设计研制方案[R].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2007.
[57]沈冰.故障电流限制器(FCL)对系统继电保护的影响研究报告[R].上海：华东电力试验研究院有限公司,2008.
[58]贺家李,宋从矩.电力系统继电保护原理第三版[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1994.
[59]欧阳琦,袁旭龙.电网变化对零序电流保护灵敏性影响的分析[J].邵阳学院学报(自然科学版),2004,3(1)：30-32.
[60]魏明,王宇红,戴朝波.伊敏-冯屯可控串补控制策略的RTDS实验研究[J].电网技术,2009,33(4)：71-76.
[2]王华听,习贺勋,汤广福等.谐振型限流器最优投切策略研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(4)：36-39,51.
[3]袁娟,刘文颖,董明齐等.西北电网短路电流的限制措施[J].电网技术,2007,31(10)：42-45.
[4]石晶,邹积岩.故障电流限制技术及研究进展[J].电网技术,1999,23(12)：63-66.
[5]阮前途.上海电网短路电流控制的现状与对策[J].电网技术,2005,29(2)：78-83.
[6]张晚英,周有庆,赵伟明等.偏流切换桥路型高温超导故障限流器的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(6)：116-122.
[7]孙晶,宗曦华,何砚发等.感应屏蔽型高温超导故障电流限制器模型机研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(1)：81-84,103.
[8]李达义,陈乔夫,贾正春.基于磁通可控的可调电抗器的新原理[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(2)：116-120.
[9]Sugimoto S, Kida J, Arita H, etal. Principle and characteristics of a fault current limiter with series compensation[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,11(2):842-847.
[10]Schmitt H. Fault current limiters report on the activities of CIGRE WG A3.16[C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Ouebec, Canada,2006.
[11]CIGRE WG A3.16. Fault current limiters-application principles and experience[C]. CIGRE SC A3 & B3 Joint Colloquium, Tokyo,2005.
[12]赵建军.静态同步串联补偿器机电暂态及电磁暂态特性研究[D].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2005.
[13]Yun Wei Li, Mahinda Vilathgamuwa D, Poh Chiang Loh, etal. A dual-functional medium voltage level DVR to limit downstream fault currents [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2007,22(4):1330-1340.
[14]Du Cui Qing. VSC-HVDC for industrial power systems[D]. Sweden:Chalmers University of Technology,2007.
[15]钱家骊,刘卫东,关永刚.非超导型故障电流限制器的技术经济分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(9)：42-43,61.
[16]Slade P G, Wu J L, Stacey EJ, etal. The utility requirements for a distribution fault current limiter[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1992,7(2):507-515.
[17]CIGRE WG A3.10. Fault current limiters report on the activities of CIGRE WG A3.10[R]. Siemens,2003.
[18]温家良,习贺勋,王华昕.500kV电网故障电流限制器的研究[R].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2005.
[19]王华听,习贺勋,汤广福等.面向超高压电网的故障限流器的应用研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(5)：99-102,113.
[20]肖茂友.经济型故障限流器的研究[D].济南：山东大学,2006.
[21]娄杰,李庆民,肖茂友等.基于快速开关的串联谐振型故障限流器的仿真[J].高电压技术,2006,32(5)：80-83.
[22]林集明,郑健超,刘长浥等.伊冯可控串补过电压保护控制及主动绝缘配合研究[J].电网技术,1998,22(6)：1-5.
[23]Gor V, Povh D, Lu Yichuan, etal. SCCL:A new type of FACTS based short-circuit current limiter for application in high-voltage systems[C]. CIGRE Session, Paris,2004.
[24]Xiao Liye, Lin Liangzhen. Recent progress of power application of superconductor in China[J]. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity,2007,17(2):2355-2360.
[25]钱家骊,徐国政,刘卫东.超导故障电流限制器的技术参数和要求的讨论[J].高压电气,2002,38(3)：42-45.
[26]李明,张小青.电力系统故障限流器技术的研究[J].电气时代,2005,4：54-56.
[27]章良栋,刘为,岑文辉等.一种新型短路电流限制器的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1997,21(7)：15-18.
[28]Kirschner L, Thumm G H. Design and experience with thyristor controlled and thyristor protected series capacitors[C]. IEEE Power Conference, Kunming, China,2002.
[29]Kirschner L, Bohn J, Sadek K. Thyristor protected series capacitor:design aspects [C]. AC-DC Power Transmission Conference, London,2001.
[30]董力.电流限制器的研究[D].北京：清华大学,2004.
[31]董力,李庆民,刘卫东等.两次电流转移型短路电流限制器的研究[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(3)：21-24.
[32]袁清芳,李兴源.具有串联补偿作用故障限流器的模糊稳定控制器[J].电力系统自动化.2004,28(3)：14-19.
[33]章良栋,刘为,岑文辉等.一种新型短路电流限制器的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1997,21(7)：34-39.
[34]郑清水,马志瀛,钱华.一种短路电流快速识别电路的研究[J].电工技术学报.2004,19(3)：99-102.
[35]荆平,武守远,邱宇峰,武芳.220kV成碧可控串补装置的保护配置[J].电网技术.2005,21(29)：5-9.
[36]孙雯,柴斌,荆平.TCSC装置中电容器过负荷保护的改进算法[J].继电器,2004,32(9)：78-80.
[37]祝谦,刘相枪.平果可控串补本体保护介绍[J].电网技术,2004,28(16)：73-77.
[38]胡玉峰,尹项根,陈德树,张哲.可控串补(TCSC)本体保护原理、配置及实现研究[J].继电器.2003,31(7)：28-33.
[39]冯宇,陈士军,陈奎,唐轶,TCSC过电压保护方式研究[J].继电器,2004,32(18)：29-32.
[40]丁扬.500kV阳-淮线串联补偿装置的保护配置原则[J].现代电力,2001,18(2):32-39.
[41]胡玉峰,尹项根,陈德树,张哲.TCSC的继电保护数字仿真研究[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(6)：21-26
[42]M. Adolfsson, C-H. Einvall, P. Lindberg, J. Samuelsson, L. Ahlgren, H. Edlund. EHV series capacitor banks, a new approach to platform to ground signaling, relay protection and supervision.[J] IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):99-100.
[43]刘慧文,肖逾男.固定串联补偿装置保护的典型配置方案[C].第二届电能质量及柔性输电技术研讨会,桂林,2008.
[44]喻劲松,荆平,戴朝波,赵勇,粘中元.华东500kV超高压电网串联谐振型故障电流限制器(FCL)保护配置研究[J]. 电网技术,已录用.
[45]蒋卫平,李新年,吕鹏飞,项祖涛,舒适.500 kV固定串补人工单相接地故障试验现场实测结果分析与仿真计算[J].电网技术,2009,33(1)：17-21.
[46]田芳,李亚楼等.电力系统全数字实时仿真装置[J].电网技术,2008,32(22)：17-22.
[47]Performance verification of TCSC control andprotection equipment using RTDS.
[48]RTDS, http://www.rdts.com/
[49]ARENE, http://www.anhelco.com/
[50]HYPERSIM, http://www.transenergie-tech.com/en/produits/hypersim.html
[51]郑三立,胡明亮,洪军等.电力系统数字动态实时仿真系统的研制和应用[J].现代电力,2003,20(6)：27-31.
[52]林集明,项祖涛,申洪.华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器基本设计与保护控制研究[R].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2007.
[53]邱宇峰,荆平等.500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器控制保护策略研究报告[R].北京：中国电力科学研究院.,2008.
[54]钱锋,徐平,劳建明.超高压电网故障电流限制器示范工程设备布置方案研究-可行性研究报告[R].杭州：浙江省电力设计院,2008.
[55]荆平,戴朝波,金雪芬,武守远.一种击穿二极管启动触发晶闸管阀串旁路的装置[P].发明专利,受理号：200810239779.7
[56]汤广福,蓝元良等.华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器晶闸管阀的设计研制方案[R].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2007.
[57]沈冰.故障电流限制器(FCL)对系统继电保护的影响研究报告[R].上海：华东电力试验研究院有限公司,2008.
[58]贺家李,宋从矩.电力系统继电保护原理第三版[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1994.
[59]欧阳琦,袁旭龙.电网变化对零序电流保护灵敏性影响的分析[J].邵阳学院学报(自然科学版),2004,3(1)：30-32.
[60]魏明,王宇红,戴朝波.伊敏-冯屯可控串补控制策略的RTDS实验研究[J].电网技术,2009,33(4)：71-76.