含光伏电源的配电网保护研究
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摘要
随着光伏电源的规模、容量的扩大及其在发电系统中渗透率的提高,使得配电网从传统的单电源放射型网络变为双端甚至多端网络,这可能改变故障电流大小、持续时间及方向,从而导致继电保护误动、拒动及失去选择性;导致熔断器误动作而失去选择性。光伏自身的故障也会对电网运行和其保护产生不利影响。另外,当光伏发电系统反孤岛保护时间与自动重合闸等装置失调配合时,可能产生非同期合闸等问题。因此,有必要深入研究系统故障条件下,光伏电源对配电网保护的影响及其解决方法,协调配网保护和光伏电源自身保护之间的关系。充分发挥光伏电源的积极作用,尽量减小其对电力系统稳定和安全的不利影响,使电力系统更加高效、可靠地运行。
本文分析了光伏电源对配电网保护、自动重合闸和配网自动化的影响,在改进的IEEE34节点配电网模型上,利用PSCAD仿真验证了光伏电源的位置和容量对短路电流的影响和贡献,以及对保护装置的影响。运用试探法得出不同接入点的光伏电源准入容量。并提出了一种新的保护方案,在不改变原有保护协调性的情况下,只在光伏电源侧加入阻抗限流器,可以有效地解决光伏电源与配电网保护之间的协调问题。
对于光伏电源的并网保护相关问题,分析了并网变压器的联接方式对并网保护的影响,建议最好采用Yn/d变压器。阐述了导致逆变器检测故障失灵的几个方面,分析了光伏并网保护装置对并网联络线保护的影响,介绍了并网保护的孤岛检测原理及方法,并针对光伏并网发电系统中存在的孤岛效应,提出新的孤岛检测方法,该方法通过对功率方向继电器的原理进行改进,在原来的模块上增加了由跳闸信号启动的保持电路模块,这样能可靠地检测出光伏电源的孤岛运行。
As the photovoltaic power scale, the expansion capacity in the power generation and the improvement in the proportion, making the distribution network from the traditional radial single supply network into dual-side or multiterminal network, thus changing the size of fault current, duration and its direction, the results may cause that the circuit breaker protection malfunction and refuse to move and lose the selectivity; also make the fuse lead to loss of selectivity. Photovoltaic 's own fault will affect the operation and protection of the system. In addition, when anti-islanding time of photovoltaic power generation system protection can not be coordinated with automatic reclosing and so on, it will lead to asynchronous closing. Therefore, it is necessary to make an in-depth study for the impact of photovoltaic power on the distribution network protection and solutions, coordinate the relationship between the distribution network protection and photovoltaic power self-protection under the system fault conditions. bring into full play the positive role of photovoltaic power, to minimize its negative impact on the stability and security, make the power system more efficient, reliable operation.
This paper analyzes the impact of photovoltaic power on distribution network protection, automatic reclosing and distribution automation. On the modified IEEE34 node distribution network model, using PSCAD simulation shows the impact and contribution of the location and capacity of photovoltaic power on fault currents, as well as the impact of protection devices, the use of heuristics obtained photovoltaic capacity of different access points. Putting forward one new protection approach, that is, without changing the situation of orginal protection, adding impedance current limiter in the photovoltaic power side, effectively addressing the coordination between the photovoltaic power and distribution network protection.
For related problems with the interconnection protection of photovoltaic power, analyzing the impact of the interconnection transformer connections on interconnection protection, the adopted proposal should be using the Yn/d transformers. Describing several aspects which will lead to failure of the inverter of fault detection, analyzing of the photovoltaic interconnection protection device on the impact of contact line protection, introducing the islanding detection principles and methods of interconnection protection, and for the photovoltaic power system existing the islanding, a new method of islanding detection is proposed, which improves the principle of power directional relay by adding a hold circuit module initiated by the trip signal module in the original module, thus it can reliably detect the island operation of photovoltaic power.
本文分析了光伏电源对配电网保护、自动重合闸和配网自动化的影响,在改进的IEEE34节点配电网模型上,利用PSCAD仿真验证了光伏电源的位置和容量对短路电流的影响和贡献,以及对保护装置的影响。运用试探法得出不同接入点的光伏电源准入容量。并提出了一种新的保护方案,在不改变原有保护协调性的情况下,只在光伏电源侧加入阻抗限流器,可以有效地解决光伏电源与配电网保护之间的协调问题。
对于光伏电源的并网保护相关问题,分析了并网变压器的联接方式对并网保护的影响,建议最好采用Yn/d变压器。阐述了导致逆变器检测故障失灵的几个方面,分析了光伏并网保护装置对并网联络线保护的影响,介绍了并网保护的孤岛检测原理及方法,并针对光伏并网发电系统中存在的孤岛效应,提出新的孤岛检测方法,该方法通过对功率方向继电器的原理进行改进,在原来的模块上增加了由跳闸信号启动的保持电路模块,这样能可靠地检测出光伏电源的孤岛运行。
As the photovoltaic power scale, the expansion capacity in the power generation and the improvement in the proportion, making the distribution network from the traditional radial single supply network into dual-side or multiterminal network, thus changing the size of fault current, duration and its direction, the results may cause that the circuit breaker protection malfunction and refuse to move and lose the selectivity; also make the fuse lead to loss of selectivity. Photovoltaic 's own fault will affect the operation and protection of the system. In addition, when anti-islanding time of photovoltaic power generation system protection can not be coordinated with automatic reclosing and so on, it will lead to asynchronous closing. Therefore, it is necessary to make an in-depth study for the impact of photovoltaic power on the distribution network protection and solutions, coordinate the relationship between the distribution network protection and photovoltaic power self-protection under the system fault conditions. bring into full play the positive role of photovoltaic power, to minimize its negative impact on the stability and security, make the power system more efficient, reliable operation.
This paper analyzes the impact of photovoltaic power on distribution network protection, automatic reclosing and distribution automation. On the modified IEEE34 node distribution network model, using PSCAD simulation shows the impact and contribution of the location and capacity of photovoltaic power on fault currents, as well as the impact of protection devices, the use of heuristics obtained photovoltaic capacity of different access points. Putting forward one new protection approach, that is, without changing the situation of orginal protection, adding impedance current limiter in the photovoltaic power side, effectively addressing the coordination between the photovoltaic power and distribution network protection.
For related problems with the interconnection protection of photovoltaic power, analyzing the impact of the interconnection transformer connections on interconnection protection, the adopted proposal should be using the Yn/d transformers. Describing several aspects which will lead to failure of the inverter of fault detection, analyzing of the photovoltaic interconnection protection device on the impact of contact line protection, introducing the islanding detection principles and methods of interconnection protection, and for the photovoltaic power system existing the islanding, a new method of islanding detection is proposed, which improves the principle of power directional relay by adding a hold circuit module initiated by the trip signal module in the original module, thus it can reliably detect the island operation of photovoltaic power.
引文
[1]胡成志.分布式电源接入系统的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2005
[2]吕芳,江燕兴,刘莉敏,曹志峰.太阳能发电[M].化学工业出版社, 2009
[3]张超,计建仁,夏翔.分布式发电对配电网馈线保护的影响[J].继电器, 2006, 34(13): 9-12
[4]肖鑫鑫.计及分布式电源的配网潮流和短路电流计算研究[D].上海:上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院, 2008
[5]温阳东,王欣.分布式发电对配电网继电保护的影响[J].继电器, 2008, 36(1): 12-14
[6]林霞,陆于平,王联合.分布式发电条件下的新型电流保护方案[J].电力系统自动化, 2008, 32(20): 50-56
[7]王希舟,陈鑫.分布式发电与配电网保护协调性研究[J].继电器, 2006, 34(3): 15-l9
[8]赵平,严玉廷.并网光伏发电系统对电网影响的研究[J].研究与开发, 2009, 1(3): 41-44
[9]庞建业,夏晓宾,房牧.分布式发电对配电网继电保护的影响[J].继电器, 2007, 35(11): 5-8
[10]曾琦,李兴源,温海康.采用脉宽调制(PWM)控制的新型故障限流器的研究[J].华北电力技术, 2007, 2(1): 13-16
[11] Slade, P. G. Voshall R. E. Stuber, W. F. et al. Study of Fault-current-limiting Techniques[R]. USA: EPRI,1990
[12]周耀烈,李仁飞,苏永智.分布式发电机组并网10kV开关站的保护新逻辑[J].高电压技术, 2006, 32(6): 105-107
[13] Sukumar M. Brahma, Adly A Girgis. Development of Adaptive Scheme for Distribution Systems with High Penetration of Distributed Generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power DeIivery, 2004, V19(1): 56-63
[14]张超,何湘宁,赵德安,等.一种新颖的光伏并网系统孤岛检测方法[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(11): 97-99
[15]丛伟,潘贞存,王成山,等.含高渗透率DG的配电系统区域纵联保护方案[J].电力系统自动化, 2009, 33(10): 81-84
[16]黄伟,雷金勇,夏翔,等.分布式电源对配电网相间短路保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化, 2008, 32(1): 93-97
[17] Sukumar Brahma & Adly Cirgis. Distribution system protective device coordination in presence of distributed generation[J]. International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2004, V24(1): 32-37
[18]许建安.电力系统继电保护(第二版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2005
[19]李于达,王海燕,刘刚.配电网中的馈电自动化技术发展综述[J].电网技术, 2006, 8(9): 4-8
[20] A. Borghetti, R. Caldon, S. Guerrieri, et al. Dispersed generators interfaced with distribution systems: Dynamic response to faults and perturbations[A]. 2003 IEEE Bologna PowerTech Conference[C]. Bologna, Italy. 2003: 1-6
[21] Samatcha Phuttapatimok, Anawach Sangswang. Effects on Short Circuit Level of PV Grid-Connected Systems under Unintentional Islanding[A]. ICSET2008[C]. 2008: 928-932
[22] Natthaphob N. Fault current contribution from synchronous machine and inverter based distributed generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, V22(1): 634-641
[23]刘森.含光伏电源的配电网保护研究[D].天津:天津大学电气与自动化工程学院, 2007
[24]高研,毕锐,杨为,等.分布式发电对配电网继电保护的影响[J].电网与清洁能源, 2009, 25(4): 20-23
[25]张超,计建仁,夏翔,等.分布式发电对配电网馈线保护的影响[J].继电器, 2006, 34(13): 9-12
[26]吴蕾.分布式电源对配电网保护的影响及对策[D].保定:华北电力大学, 2008
[27] Adly Cirgis & Sukumar Brahma. Effect of distributed generation on protective device coordination in distribution system[A]. Proc. Large Engineering System Conf. on Power Engineering[C]. Halifax, Canada. 2001: 115-119
[28] Sukumar Brahma & Adly Cirgis. Distribution system protective device coordination in presence of distributed generation[J]. International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2004. V24(1): 32-37
[29]赵上林,吴在军,胡敏强,等.分布式发电对重合器模式馈线自动化的影响[J].电力自动化设备, 2009, 29(10): 55-58
[30]张超,计建仁,夏翔,等.分布式发电对配电网继电保护及其自动化的影响[J].华东电力, 2006, 34(9): 23-26
[31] Baran M E, El-Markaby I. Fault analysis on distribution feeders with distributed generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005, V20(40): 1757-1764
[32] Michael T. Doyle. Reviewing the Impacts of Distributed Generation on Distribution System Protection[A]. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting[C], 2002: 103-105
[33] W. Y. Zhang, S. Z. Zhu, J. H. Zheng, et al. Impacts of Distributed Generation on Electric Grid and Selecting of Isolation Transformer[A]. Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition[C]. Dalian, China. 2005: 1-7
[34] Roger C. Dugan, Thomas E. McDermott. Operating conflicts for distributed generation on distribution systems[A]. Rural Electric Power Conference[C]. 2001: A3/1 - A3/6
[35]张晓安,于世杰,沈玉梁,等.光伏专用逆变器保护系统的设计[J],合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 24(6): 1111-1114
[36] Ward Bower, Michael Ropp, Evaluation of islanding detection methods for photovoltaic utility-interactive power systems[R]. USA: International energy agency, 2002
[37] John Stevens, Russell Bonn, Jerry Ginn, et al. Development and Testing of an Approach to Anti-Islanding in Utility-Interconnected Photovoltaic Systems[R]. USA: Photovoltaic System Applications Department, Sandia National Laboratories, 2000
[38] Pukar Mahat, Zhe Chen, Birgitte Bak-Jensen. Review of Islanding Detection Methods for Distributed Generation[A]. DRPT2008[C]. Nanjing, China. 2008:2743-2748
[39]刘芙蓉,康勇,段善旭,等.一种有效的孤岛检测盲区描述方法[J],电工技术学报, 2007, 22(10): 167-172
[40] H. Kabayashi, K. Takigawa, E. Hashimato. Method for preventing islanding phenomenon on utility grid with a number of small scale PV systems[A]. Proc IEEE Power System Technology Conf.[C], 2000: 695-700
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[2]吕芳,江燕兴,刘莉敏,曹志峰.太阳能发电[M].化学工业出版社, 2009
[3]张超,计建仁,夏翔.分布式发电对配电网馈线保护的影响[J].继电器, 2006, 34(13): 9-12
[4]肖鑫鑫.计及分布式电源的配网潮流和短路电流计算研究[D].上海:上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院, 2008
[5]温阳东,王欣.分布式发电对配电网继电保护的影响[J].继电器, 2008, 36(1): 12-14
[6]林霞,陆于平,王联合.分布式发电条件下的新型电流保护方案[J].电力系统自动化, 2008, 32(20): 50-56
[7]王希舟,陈鑫.分布式发电与配电网保护协调性研究[J].继电器, 2006, 34(3): 15-l9
[8]赵平,严玉廷.并网光伏发电系统对电网影响的研究[J].研究与开发, 2009, 1(3): 41-44
[9]庞建业,夏晓宾,房牧.分布式发电对配电网继电保护的影响[J].继电器, 2007, 35(11): 5-8
[10]曾琦,李兴源,温海康.采用脉宽调制(PWM)控制的新型故障限流器的研究[J].华北电力技术, 2007, 2(1): 13-16
[11] Slade, P. G. Voshall R. E. Stuber, W. F. et al. Study of Fault-current-limiting Techniques[R]. USA: EPRI,1990
[12]周耀烈,李仁飞,苏永智.分布式发电机组并网10kV开关站的保护新逻辑[J].高电压技术, 2006, 32(6): 105-107
[13] Sukumar M. Brahma, Adly A Girgis. Development of Adaptive Scheme for Distribution Systems with High Penetration of Distributed Generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power DeIivery, 2004, V19(1): 56-63
[14]张超,何湘宁,赵德安,等.一种新颖的光伏并网系统孤岛检测方法[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(11): 97-99
[15]丛伟,潘贞存,王成山,等.含高渗透率DG的配电系统区域纵联保护方案[J].电力系统自动化, 2009, 33(10): 81-84
[16]黄伟,雷金勇,夏翔,等.分布式电源对配电网相间短路保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化, 2008, 32(1): 93-97
[17] Sukumar Brahma & Adly Cirgis. Distribution system protective device coordination in presence of distributed generation[J]. International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2004, V24(1): 32-37
[18]许建安.电力系统继电保护(第二版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2005
[19]李于达,王海燕,刘刚.配电网中的馈电自动化技术发展综述[J].电网技术, 2006, 8(9): 4-8
[20] A. Borghetti, R. Caldon, S. Guerrieri, et al. Dispersed generators interfaced with distribution systems: Dynamic response to faults and perturbations[A]. 2003 IEEE Bologna PowerTech Conference[C]. Bologna, Italy. 2003: 1-6
[21] Samatcha Phuttapatimok, Anawach Sangswang. Effects on Short Circuit Level of PV Grid-Connected Systems under Unintentional Islanding[A]. ICSET2008[C]. 2008: 928-932
[22] Natthaphob N. Fault current contribution from synchronous machine and inverter based distributed generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, V22(1): 634-641
[23]刘森.含光伏电源的配电网保护研究[D].天津:天津大学电气与自动化工程学院, 2007
[24]高研,毕锐,杨为,等.分布式发电对配电网继电保护的影响[J].电网与清洁能源, 2009, 25(4): 20-23
[25]张超,计建仁,夏翔,等.分布式发电对配电网馈线保护的影响[J].继电器, 2006, 34(13): 9-12
[26]吴蕾.分布式电源对配电网保护的影响及对策[D].保定:华北电力大学, 2008
[27] Adly Cirgis & Sukumar Brahma. Effect of distributed generation on protective device coordination in distribution system[A]. Proc. Large Engineering System Conf. on Power Engineering[C]. Halifax, Canada. 2001: 115-119
[28] Sukumar Brahma & Adly Cirgis. Distribution system protective device coordination in presence of distributed generation[J]. International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2004. V24(1): 32-37
[29]赵上林,吴在军,胡敏强,等.分布式发电对重合器模式馈线自动化的影响[J].电力自动化设备, 2009, 29(10): 55-58
[30]张超,计建仁,夏翔,等.分布式发电对配电网继电保护及其自动化的影响[J].华东电力, 2006, 34(9): 23-26
[31] Baran M E, El-Markaby I. Fault analysis on distribution feeders with distributed generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005, V20(40): 1757-1764
[32] Michael T. Doyle. Reviewing the Impacts of Distributed Generation on Distribution System Protection[A]. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting[C], 2002: 103-105
[33] W. Y. Zhang, S. Z. Zhu, J. H. Zheng, et al. Impacts of Distributed Generation on Electric Grid and Selecting of Isolation Transformer[A]. Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition[C]. Dalian, China. 2005: 1-7
[34] Roger C. Dugan, Thomas E. McDermott. Operating conflicts for distributed generation on distribution systems[A]. Rural Electric Power Conference[C]. 2001: A3/1 - A3/6
[35]张晓安,于世杰,沈玉梁,等.光伏专用逆变器保护系统的设计[J],合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 24(6): 1111-1114
[36] Ward Bower, Michael Ropp, Evaluation of islanding detection methods for photovoltaic utility-interactive power systems[R]. USA: International energy agency, 2002
[37] John Stevens, Russell Bonn, Jerry Ginn, et al. Development and Testing of an Approach to Anti-Islanding in Utility-Interconnected Photovoltaic Systems[R]. USA: Photovoltaic System Applications Department, Sandia National Laboratories, 2000
[38] Pukar Mahat, Zhe Chen, Birgitte Bak-Jensen. Review of Islanding Detection Methods for Distributed Generation[A]. DRPT2008[C]. Nanjing, China. 2008:2743-2748
[39]刘芙蓉,康勇,段善旭,等.一种有效的孤岛检测盲区描述方法[J],电工技术学报, 2007, 22(10): 167-172
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