腹腔镜肝尾状叶切除术的应用解剖学研究
|
摘要
由于腹腔镜肝尾状叶切除术是技术复杂、难度极大的一种手术，目前仍处于探索、研究阶段，还未有腹腔镜下肝尾状叶切除术的临床报道。本研究试图通过应用解剖学、影像学、动物实验及临床肝切除的研究来探讨腹腔镜下肝尾状叶切除术的可能性。
第一章 肝尾状叶的应用解剖学研究
目的：为肝尾状叶切除术提供形态学理论基础。
方法：选取37具成人离体尸肝标本，采用雕琢法观测肝尾状叶形态、毗邻及管道、尾状叶静脉系统属支、走行，肝后腔静脉前间隙。根据三管系统分界尾状叶边界。
结果：
1．位置及形态毗邻：肝尾状叶位于第一、二、三肝门之间，可分为三部分，Spiegel叶、腔静脉旁部及尾状突；尾状叶的Spiegel叶与腔静脉旁部存在较为明显的界线，其外部标志大致与其外切迹相当，腔静脉旁部与尾状突无明显的界线。肝尾状叶有三个游离面和二个肝内界面，即尾状叶左侧平面，其正对第二肝段：背侧平面，正对后腹壁及右侧肾上腺；肝门平面，与肝蒂相邻；腹侧平面与第四肝段及／或第八肝段相邻；右侧界面邻近下腔静脉、第七肝段和第八肝段。后两个界面不能在外部看到，且形状不规则，存在较大的解剖学变异。
Laparoscopic liver resection is still on the stage of research due to its high difficulty and complexity on operation.now,no one paper reports a case laparoscopic caudate lobectomy.our research try to explain the possibility by applied anatomic study,multislice computed tomography,animal experiment and the clinic study.
Chapter 1 Applied anatomic study on the caudate lobe of liver
Objective: To provide anatomic foundation for the operation of the hepatic caudate lobe process.
Methods: To choose 37 cases livers of adult ,using the way of carving to anatomy these livers and investigating the shape of the caudate lobe、 adjacency and ducts、 vein branches of the caudate lobe and the space before IVC. Confirming the margin according to the portal triads.
Results:
1 .The location of the caudate lobe is between the first,second and third hilar of liver and have three portions,Spiegel lobe,the paracaval portion and caudate process. The borderline exist between the Spiegel's lobe and the paracaval portion and the exterior sign corresponding to the external notch of caudate lobe.However no anatomic sign could found between the paracaval portion and the caudate process. The caudate lobe has three free surfaces and two intraparenchymal border planes, that is, the left surface (flat) opposite S2, the dorsal surface (almost flat) facing the dorsal abdominal wall and right suprarenal gland, the hilar surface (curved and irregularly shaped) adjacent to the porta hepatis, the ventral border plane adjacent to S4 and/or S8 and the right border plane adjacent to the IVC, S7 and S8.The latter two border
第一章 肝尾状叶的应用解剖学研究
目的：为肝尾状叶切除术提供形态学理论基础。
方法：选取37具成人离体尸肝标本，采用雕琢法观测肝尾状叶形态、毗邻及管道、尾状叶静脉系统属支、走行，肝后腔静脉前间隙。根据三管系统分界尾状叶边界。
结果：
1．位置及形态毗邻：肝尾状叶位于第一、二、三肝门之间，可分为三部分，Spiegel叶、腔静脉旁部及尾状突；尾状叶的Spiegel叶与腔静脉旁部存在较为明显的界线，其外部标志大致与其外切迹相当，腔静脉旁部与尾状突无明显的界线。肝尾状叶有三个游离面和二个肝内界面，即尾状叶左侧平面，其正对第二肝段：背侧平面，正对后腹壁及右侧肾上腺；肝门平面，与肝蒂相邻；腹侧平面与第四肝段及／或第八肝段相邻；右侧界面邻近下腔静脉、第七肝段和第八肝段。后两个界面不能在外部看到，且形状不规则，存在较大的解剖学变异。
Laparoscopic liver resection is still on the stage of research due to its high difficulty and complexity on operation.now,no one paper reports a case laparoscopic caudate lobectomy.our research try to explain the possibility by applied anatomic study,multislice computed tomography,animal experiment and the clinic study.
Chapter 1 Applied anatomic study on the caudate lobe of liver
Objective: To provide anatomic foundation for the operation of the hepatic caudate lobe process.
Methods: To choose 37 cases livers of adult ,using the way of carving to anatomy these livers and investigating the shape of the caudate lobe、 adjacency and ducts、 vein branches of the caudate lobe and the space before IVC. Confirming the margin according to the portal triads.
Results:
1 .The location of the caudate lobe is between the first,second and third hilar of liver and have three portions,Spiegel lobe,the paracaval portion and caudate process. The borderline exist between the Spiegel's lobe and the paracaval portion and the exterior sign corresponding to the external notch of caudate lobe.However no anatomic sign could found between the paracaval portion and the caudate process. The caudate lobe has three free surfaces and two intraparenchymal border planes, that is, the left surface (flat) opposite S2, the dorsal surface (almost flat) facing the dorsal abdominal wall and right suprarenal gland, the hilar surface (curved and irregularly shaped) adjacent to the porta hepatis, the ventral border plane adjacent to S4 and/or S8 and the right border plane adjacent to the IVC, S7 and S8.The latter two border
引文
[1] Reich H,McGlynn F, DeCaprio J,et al.Laparoscopic excision of benign liver lesions. Obstet Gynecol, 1991, 78: 956-8
[2] Yang MC,Lee PH,Sheu JC,et al.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the caudate lobe. World JSurg,1996, 20: 562-6
[3] Nagasue N,Kohno H,Yamanoi A,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg,1997, 184: 1-8
[4] Elias D,Lasser PH,Desruennes E,et al.Surgical approach to segment I for malligant tumors of the liver. Surg Gyn Obstet,1992, 175: 17-24
[5] Barrett D,Fong Y,Blumgart L, et al.Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver:technique and results.Br J Surg,1996, 83: 1076-81
[6] Yamamoto J,Kosuge T, Shimada K, et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolated resection of the caudate lobe of the liver. World J Surg,1999,23:97-101
[7] Sarmiento JM,Que FG, Nagorney DM.Surgical outcomes of isolated caudate lobe resection:a single series of 19 patients.Surgery,2002,132: 697-708
[8] Lu CL, Wu JC,Chiang JH,et al.Hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe: early diagnosis and active treatment may result in long-term survival.J Gastroenterol. Hepatol,1997,12: 144-8
[9] 何振平，蔡景修，王傲川，等．尾状叶肝癌切除一例报道．中华外科杂志，1990，28：627
[10] 张文智，刘永雄，罗英，等．肝尾叶肿瘤的外科治疗．中华肝胆外科杂志，1998，4：6-7
[11] 彭淑牖，牟一平，彭承宏，等．肝尾状叶切除术26例报告．中华外科杂志，1999，37：12-3
[12] 樊嘉，吴志全，汤钊猷，等．全尾状叶切除治疗肝尾状叶肿瘤．中华肝胆外科杂志，1999，5：29-30
[13] Ikegami T, Nishizaki T, Yanaga K, et al. Changes in the caudate lobe that is transplanted with extended left lobe liver graft from living donors. Surgery, 2001, 129: 86-90
[14] Takayasu K, Muramatsu Y, Shima Y, et al.Clinical and radiologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe. Cancer,1986,58: 1557-62
[15] Shimada M,Matsumata T, Maeda T, et al.Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe. Hepatology,1994,19:911-5
[16] Takayama T, Makuuchi M.Segmental liver resections,present and future: caudate lobe resection for liver tumors.Hepatogastroenterology,1998,45:20-3
[17]Schwartrs I.Resection of the lobe of the lvier.J Am Coll Surg,1997,184:75-6
[18]Heloury Y,Leborgne J,Robert JM,et al.The caudate lobe of the liver.Surg Radiol Anat,1988,10:83-91
[19]Kumon M.Anatomy of the caudate lobe with special reference to portal vein and bile duct. Acta Hepatol Jpn,1985,26 :1193-9
[20]彭裕文等.局部解剖学,人民卫生出版社,2002,5,113
[21]Couinaud C.Surgical anatomy of the liver revistied. Paris Maugein,1989,11:123-4
[22]Kogure K,Kuwano H,Fujimaki N,et al.M Relation among portal segmentation,proper hepatic vein,and external notch of the caudate lobe in the human liver.Ann Surg,2000,231(2):223-8
[23]Healey JE.Schory PC.Anatomy of the biliary ducts within the human liver.Arch Surg,1953,66:599-616
[24]Redaelli CA,Wagner M,Krahenbuhl L,et al.Liver surgery in the era of tissue-preserving resections:early and late outcome in patients with primary and secondary hepatic tumors. World J Surg,2002,26:1126-32
[25]Nagasue N,Yamanoi A,el-Assal ON et al.Major compared with limited hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma without underlying cirrhosis:a retrospective analysis.Eur J Surg, 1999,165:638-46
[26]Kanematsu T,Takenaka K,Matsumata T,et al.Limited hepatic resection effective for selected cirrhotic patients with primary liver cancer.Ann Surg, 1984,199:51-56
[27]Yoshida Y,Kanematsu T,Matsumata T,et al.Surgical margin and recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients withcirrhosis: further evaluation of limited hepatic resection. Ann Surg,1989,209:297-301
[28]Stoker J,Romijn MG,de Man RA,et al.Prospective comparative study of spiral computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Gut,2002,51:105
[29]Regimbeau JM,Kinmanesh R.Farges O,et al.Extent of liver resection influences the outcome in patients with cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery,2002,131:311-7
[30]Miyagawa,Shinich,Hashikura.Concomitant caudate lobe resection as an option for donor hepatectomy in adult living related liver transplantation.Tansplantation,1998,66(5):661-3
[31]Cheng YF,Huang TL,Chen CL,et al.Anatomic dissociation between the intrahepatic bile duct and portal vein: risk factors for left hepatectomy. World J Surg, 1997, 21: 297-300
[32] Kamiya J,Nimura Y,Hayakawa N,et al. Preoperative cholangiography of the caudate lobe: surgical anatomy and staging for biliary carcinoma.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,1994,4:385-9
[33] Shinohara Y.Demonstration of caudate lobe bile ducts using 3D-CT cholangiography.Jpn J Assoc Surg,1995, 96: 88-96
[34] Furukawa H,Sano K, Kosuge T,et al. Analysis of biliary drainage in the caudate lobe of the liver:comparison of three-dimensional CT cholangiography and rotating cine cholangiography. Radiology, 1997,204: 1137
[35] 李加起．肝后下腔静脉前间隙的解剖及临床应用进展．中国现代普外科进展，2005，8(3)：132-4
[36] Belghiti J,Guevara OA,Noun R,et al.Liver hanging maneuver:a safe approach to right hepatectomy without liver mobilization.J Am Coll Surg ,2001,193 (1):109-11
[37] Toshio J Satol, lchiro Hirai2, Gen Murakamil.An anatomical study of short hepatic veins, with special reference to delineation of the caudate lobe for hanging maneuver of the liver without the usual mobilization.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,2002,9:55-60
[38] Hirai I,Kimura W,Murakami G,et al.Surgical anatomy of the inferior vena cava ligament. Hepatogast roenterology,2003, 50(52):983-7
[39] Hirai I,Murakami G,Kimura W,et al.How should we treat short hepatic veins and paracaval branches in anterior hepatectomy using the hanging maneuver without mobilization of the liver lin Anat,2003,16:224-32
[40] Sato TJ,Hirai I,Murakami G,et al. An anatomical study of short hepatic veins with special reference to delineation of the caudate lobe for hanging maneuver of the liver without the usual mobilization.J Hepatobiliary Pancrent surg,2002, 9:55-60
[41] Camargo AM,Teixeira GG,Ortale J R.Anatomy of the ostia venae bepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.J Anat,1996,188 (1):59-64
[42] 叶启发，文志向，沙波，等．40例成人尸体肝解剖及临床应用探讨．中国现代普通外科进展，1998，1(1)：48-9
[43] Chang RW,Shanquan S,Yen WW.An applied anatomical study of the ostia venae hepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.J Anat,1989,164:41-7
[44] Ger R.Surgical anatomy of hepatic venous system.Glin Anat,1998,1:15.
[45] Kanamura T, Murakami G,Hirai I,et al.High dorsal drainage routes of Spiegel's lobe.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,2001,8:549-56
[46] 彭淑牖，曹利平，李江涛，等．肝后隧道的建立与绕肝带的使用在高难度肝切除术中的作用．中华医学杂志，2003，83(19)：1644-7
[47] Ettorre GM,Vennarecci G,Lonardo MT, et al.The modified "hanging maneuver" during orthotopic liver transplantation using a technique for conserving the inferior vena cava.Tumori,2003, 89(4):63-5
[48] Kokudo N,Sugawara Y,Imamura H,et al.Sling suspension of the liver in donor operation: a gradual tape repositioning technique.Transplantation,2003, 76(5):803-7
[49] Kwon DH, Murakami G, Wang HJ,et al.Configuration along the ventral margin of the paracaval portion of the human caudate lobe. Clin Anat,2002, 15:325-36
[50] Kitagawa S,Murakami G,Hata F, et al.Configuration of the right portion of the caudate lobe with special reference to the identification of its right margin. Clin Anat,2000,13:321-40
[51] Takayama T, Tanaka T,Higaki T,et al. High dorsal resection of the liver.J Am Coll Surg,1994; 179: 72-75.
[1] 黄志强，周宁新，黄晓强，等．尾状叶外科---肝外科的最后领域．消化外科，2004，3(1)：1-17
[2] Shimad M,Matsumata T,Maeda T,et al.Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe. Hepatology,1994,19:911-5
[3] Colonna Ⅱ JO,Shaked A,Gelabert HA,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe through "bloody gultch".SGO,1993, 176: 401-2
[4] Nagasue N,Kohno H,Yamanoi A ,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrence hepatocellular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg,1997,184: 1-8
[5] 张文智，刘永雄，罗英，等．肝尾状叶肿瘤的外科治疗．中华肝胆外科杂志，1998，4：6-7
[6] Poyanli A,Sencer S.Computed tomography scan of the liver.Eur J Radiol,1999,32(1):15-20
[7] Leppek R,Klose KJ.3-Dimaging of the liver.Radiology,1995,35 (10):769-7
[8] Dalla Palma L, Pozzi Mucelli R,Sponza M,et al.Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography, computerized tomography, angiography and lipiodol CT in defining extent of hepatocarcinoma:A multicenter study.Radiol Med(Torino),1995,89 (3):270-7
[9] Fedorov VD,Karmazanovskii GG,Kubyshkin VA,et al.Spiral computer tomography in diagnosis of hepatic diseases. Khirurgiia (Mosk),1998,5(1):9-14
[10] Kubota K, Makuuchi M,Kusaka K, et al.Measurement of liver volume and hepatic functional reserve as a guide to decision making in resectional surgery for hepatic tumors. Hepatology, 1997,26 (5): 1176-81
[11] Ogasawara K, Une Y,Nakajima Y,et al.The significance of measuring liver volume using computed tomographic images before and after hepatectomy.Surg Today,1995,25 (1):43-8
[12] Couinaud C.The liver:anatomic and surgical studies.Paris:Masson,1957,71-118
[13] Atri M,Bret PM,Fraser Hill MA.Intrahepatic portal venous variations:prevalence with US.Radiology,1992,184:157-8
[14] 黄志强，主编．肝脏外科手术学．北京：人民军医出版社，1996．14-9
[15] 林江，陈祖望，周康荣，等．肝内门静脉和肝静脉的解剖和变异(三维动态增强磁共振血管成像分析．中华放射学杂志，1999，33(6)：403-6
[16] Kamel IR,kuslal JB,Pomfret EA,et al.Impact of multidetector CT on donor selection and surgical planning before living adult right lobe liver transplantation.AJR,2001,176(1):193-200
[17] Dodd GD Ⅲ.An American guide to couinaud'numbering system.AJR,1993,161:574-5
[18] Jean HD,Dirk Selle,Carl J G,et al.Segmental anatomy of the liver:poor correlation with CT. Radiology,1998,206: 151-6
[19] Soyer P,Roche A,Gad M,et al.Preoperative segmental localization of hepatic metastases:utility of three-dimensional CT during arterial portography. Radiology,1991,180(3):653-8
[20] Nelson RC,Chezmar JL, Sugarbaker PH,et al.Preoperative localization of focal liver lesions to specific liver segments: utility of CT during arterial portography. Radiology,1990,176: 89-94
[21] Soyer P,Bluemke DA, Sliss DF,et al.Surgical segmental anatomy of the liver:demonstration with spiral CT during arterial portography and multiplanar reconstruction. AJR, 1994, 163: 99-103
[22] Van Leewen MS,Noordzij J,Fernandez MA ,et al .Portal venous and segmental anatomy of the right hemiliver:observations based on three-dimensional spiral CT renderings.AJR,1994,163: 1395-404
[23] Guseppe B,Michael PF, Sanjeev K, et al.Hemodynamic characterization of focal nodular hyperplasis using three-dimensional volume eindered multidetector CT angiography. AJR,2002,179:81-5
[24] 金武男，杨香，车成日，等．螺旋CT三维重建对各肝段引流静脉的研究及其临床意义．中国临床解剖学杂志，2004，22(2)：193-5
[25] Kubota K, Makuuchi M,Kusaka K, et al.Measurement of liver volume and hepatic functional reserve as a fuide to decision making in resectional surgery for hepatic tumors.Hepatology,1997,26(5):1176-81
[26] Ogasawara K, Uke Y,Nakajima Y,et al.The significance of measuring liver volume suing computed tomographic images before and after hepatectomey.Surg Today,1995,25(1):43-8
[27] Authey JN,Chaoui S,Do KA ,et al.Standardized measurenint of the future liver remnant prior to extended liver resection:Methodology and clinical associations.Surgery ,2000,127(5):512-9
[28] 潘华峰，陈孝平，李开艳，等．CT和彩色多普检查预测肝癌手术切除安全性的价值．中华实验外科杂志，2000，17(3：)221-2
[1] Ikegami T, Nishizaki T, Yanaga K, et al.Changes in the caudate lobe that is transplanted with extended left lobe liver graft from living donors.Surgery,2001,129:86-90
[2] Yang MC,Lee PH,Sheu JC,et al.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the caudate lobe.World JSurg,1996,20: 562-6
[3] Nagasue N, Kohno H,Yamanoi A,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg,1997,184:1-8
[4] Elias D,Lasser PH,Desruennes E,et al.Surgical approach to segment I for malligant tumors of the liver.Surg Gyn Obstet,1992,175:17-24
[5] Barrett D,Fong Y,Blumgart L, et al.Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver: technique and results.Br J Surg,1996,83:1076-81
[6] Yamamoto J,Kosuge T, Shimada K, et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolated resection of the caudate lobe of the liver.World J Surg,1999,23:97-101
[7] Sarmiento JM,Que FG, Nagorney DM.Surgical outcomes of isolated caudate lobe resection:a single series of 19 patients.Surgery,2002,132:697-708
[8] Lu CL, Wu JC,Chiang JH,et al.Hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe: early diagnosis and active treatment may result in long-term survival.J Gastroenterol Hepatol,1997,12:144-8
[9] 何振平，蔡景修，王傲川，等．尾状叶肝癌切除一例报道．中华外科杂志，1990，28：627
[10] 张文智，刘永雄，罗英，等．肝尾叶肿瘤的外科治疗．中华肝胆外科杂志，1998，4：6-7
[11] 彭淑牖，牟一平，彭承宏，等．肝尾状叶切除术26例报告．中华外科杂志，1999，37：12
[12] 樊嘉，吴志全，汤钊猷，等．全尾状叶切除治疗肝尾状叶肿瘤．中华肝胆外科杂志，1999，5：29-30
[13] Gutt CN,Riemer V, Brier C,et al.Standardized technique of laparoscopic surgery in the rat. Dig Surg,1998,15(2): 135-9
[14] Tsuboi S,Kitano S,Yoshida T, et al.Effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats. Surg Endosc,2002,16(8): 1220-5
[15] Gutt CN,Riemer V, Kim ZG, et al.Impact of laparoscopic colonic resection on tumour growth and spread in an experimental model.Br J Surg,1999,86(9):1180-4
[16] Lee SW, Southall J,Allendorf J,et al.Traumatic handling of the tumor independent of pneumoperitoneum increases port site implantation rate of colon cancer in a murine model. Surg Endosc,1998,12(6):828-4
[17] Kuntz C,Kienle P, Schmeding M,et al.Comparison of laparoscopic versus conventional technique in colonic and liver resection in a tumor-bearing small animal model.Surg Endosc, 2002, 16(8): 1175-81
[18] Ishida H,Murata N,Yamada H,et al.Effect of CO_2 pneumoperitoneum on growth of liver micrometastases in a rabbit model. World J Surg,2000,24(8):1004-8
[19] Kurian MS,Gagner M,Murakami Y, et al.Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor hepatectomy for living related transplantation in the porcine model. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech,2002, 12(4): 232-7
[20] Brundell SM,Tsopelas C,Chatterton B,et al.Experimental study of peritoneal blood flow and insufflation pressure during laparoscopy.Br J Surg,2002,89(5):617-22
[21] Haberstroh J,Ahrens M,Munzar T, et al.Effects of the Pringle maneuver on hemodynamics during laparoscopic liver resection in the pig. Eur Surg Res,1996,28(1):8-13
[22] Schmandra TC, Mierdl S,Bauer H,et al.Transoesophageal echocardiography shows high risk of gas embolism during laparoscopic hepatic resection under carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Br J Surg,2002,89(7):870-6
[23] Foley EF, Kolecki RV, Schirmer BD.The accuracy of laparoscopic ultrasound in the detection of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Am J Surg,1998,176(3):262-4
[24] Schob OM,Schlumpf RB,Unlschmid GK, et al.The multimodal water jet dissector---a technology for laparoscopic liver surgery.Endosc Surg Allied Technol, 1994,2(6):311-4
[25] Michel MS,Kohrmann KU,Weber A,et al.Rotoresect: new technique for resection of the prostate: experimental phase.J Endourol,1996,10(5):473-8
[26] Descottes B,Lachachi F, Sodji M,et al.Early experience with laparoscopic approach for solid liver tumors: initial 16 cases.Ann Surg,2000,232(5):641-5
[27] Katkhouda N,Mavor E.Laparoscopic management of benign liver disease.Surg Clin North Am,2000,80(4): 1203-11
[28] Marescaux J,Clement JM,Tassetti V, et al.Virtual reality applied to hepatic surgery simulation: the next revolution. Ann Surg,1998,228(5):627-34
[29] Katkhouda N,Hurwitz M,Gugenheim J,et al.Laparoscopic management of benign solid and cystic lesions of the liver.Ann Surg,1999,229(4):460-6
[30] Cherqui D,Husson E,Hammoud R,et al.Laparoscopic liver resections: a feasibility study in 30 patients.Ann Surg,2000,232(6):753-62
[31] 张永福，邓继延，林一玫，等．经腹腔镜行腹内手术2331例麻醉体会．医学理论与实践，1997，10(5)：236-7
[32] Baer HU, Metzger A, Barras JP, et al. Laparoscopic liver resection in the Large White pig---a comparison between waterjet dissector and ultrasound dissector.Endosc Surg Allied Technol, 1994,2(34):189-93
[33] Kaneko H,Takagi S,Shiba I.Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy and left lateral segmentectomy: technique and results of a clinical series. Surgery,1996,120(3):468-75
[34] Rau HG,Buttler E,Meyer G, et al.Laparoscopic liver resection compared with conventional partial hepatectomy---a prospective analysis. Hepatogastroenterology,1998,45(24):2333-8
[35] 蔡秀军，王先法，李立波，等．腹腔镜肝切除6例报告．中华外科杂志，2001，39(3)：202-4
[36] 刘荣，周宁新，黄志强，等．完全腹腔镜肝切除25例临床报告．中华普通外科杂志，2003，18(7)：400-2
[37] Gagner M,Rheault M,Dubuc J.Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for liver tumor.Surg Endosc, 1992,6(1):97-98
[38] Paul H,Robert L, Lee LS.Minimally invasive approaches to hepatic surgery. Hepatogastroenterology,2001,48(1):37-40
[39] Schmidbauer S,Hallfeldt KK, Sitzmann G, et al.Experience with ultrasound scissors and blades (UltraCision) in open and laparoscopic liver resection. Ann Surg,2002,235(1):27-30
[1]Reich H,McGlynn F,DeCaprio J,et al.Laparoscopic excision of benign liver lesions.Obstet Gynecol,1991,78:956-8
[2]Samama G,Chiche L,Brefort J,et al.Laparoscopic anatomical hepatic resection.Report of four left lobectomies for solid tumors.Surg-Endosc,1998,12(1):76-8
[3]Ikegami T,Nishizaki T,Yanaga K,et al.Changes in the caudate lobe that is transplanted with extended left lobe liver graft from living donors.Surgery,2001,129:86-90
[4]Yang MC,Lee PH, Sheu JC,et al.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the caudate lobe.World JSurg,1996,20:562-6
[5]Nagasue N,Kohno H,Yamanoi A,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg,1997,184:1-8
[6]Elias D,Lasser PH,Desruennes E,et al.Surgical approach to segment I or malligant tumors of the liver.Surg Gyn Obstet,1992,175:17-24
[7]Bartett D,Fong Y,Blumgart L,et al.Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver: technique and results.Br J Surg,1996,83:1076-81
[8]Yamamoto J,Kosuge T.Shimada K,et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolated resection of the caudate lobe of the liver.World J Surg,1999,23:97-101
[9]Sarmiento JM,Que FG,Nagorney DM.Surgical outcomes of isolated caudate lobe resection: a single series of 19 patients.Surgery,2002,132:697-708
[10]Lu CL,Wu JC,Chiang JH,et al.Hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe:early diagnosis and active treatment may result in long-term survival.J Gastroenterol Hepatol,1997,12:144-8
[11]Bismuth H.Surgical anatomy and anatomical surgery of the liver.World J Surg,1982,6: 3-9
[12]Ekberg H, Tranberg KG, Andersson R, et al. Major liver resection: perioperative course and management.Surgery,1986,100:1-8
[13]Nagorney DM, van Heerden JA, Ilstrup DM, et al. Primary hepatic malignancy: surgical management and determinants of survival.Surgery,1989,106:740-8
[14]Farid H,O'Connell T.Hepatic resections:changing mortality and morbidity.Am Surg,1994,10: 748-53
[15]Matsumata T,Kanematsu T.Shirabe K,et al.Decreased morbidity and mortality rates in surgical patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Br J Surg,1990,77:677-80
[16]Yanaga K,Kanematsu T,Takenaka K, et al.Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly patients.Am J Surg,1988,155:238-41
[17] Stephenson KR,Steinberg SM, Hughes KS, et al.Perioperative blood transfusions are associated with decreased time to recurrence and decreased survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases.Ann Surg,1988,208: 679-87
[18]Tung TT.Les resections Majeures et Mineures du Fois.Paris: Masson,1957,15-6
[19]Rees M,Plant G,Wells J,et al.One hundred and fifty hepatic resections: evolution of technique towards bloodless surgery.Br J Surg,1996,83:1526-9
[20] Jamieson GG,Corbel L,Campion JP,et al.Major liver resection without a blood transfusion:is it a realistic objective?Surgery,1992,112:32-6
[21]Kim YI,Nakashima K,Tada I, et al.Prolonged normothermic ischaemia of human cirrhotic liver during hepatectomy: a preliminary report.Br J Surg,1993,80:1566-70
[22]Lortat-Jacob J,Robert H,Henry L.Un cas d'hepatectomie droite reglee.Mem Acad Chir,1952, 78:244-51
[23]Pringle J.Notes on the arrest of hepatic hemorrhage due to trauma.Ann Surg,1908,48:541-9
[24]Nagasue N,Yukaya H,Ogawa Y.Segmental and subsegmental resections of the cirrhotic liver under hepatic inflow and outflow occlusion.Br J Surg,1985,72:565-8
[25]Nuzzo G,Giuliante F,Murazio M.I1 clampaggio del peduncolo portale nelle resezioni epatiche. Chirurgia,1994,7:576-82
[26]Man K,Fan ST,Ng IO, et al.Prospective evaluation of Pringle maneuver in hepatectomy for liver tumors by a randomized study.Ann Surg,1997,226:704-11
[27]Delva E,Camus Y,Nordlinger B,et al.Vascular occlusions for liver resections:Operative management and tolerance to hepatic ischemia: 142 cases.Ann Surg,1989,209:211-8
[28]Huguet C,Gavelli A,Chieco PA,et al.Liver ischemia for hepatic resection:where is the limit? Surgery,1992,111:251-9
[29]Huguet C,Nordlinger B,Bloch P,et al.Tolerance of the human liver to prolonged normothermic ischemia. A biological study of 20 patients submitted to extensive hepatectomy. Arch Surg,1978,113:1448-51
[30]Bismuth H,Castaing D,Garden OJ.Major hepatic resection under total vascular exclusion. Ann Surg,1989,210:13-9
[31]Hannoun L,Borie D,Delva E,et al.Liver resection with normothermic ischaemia exceeding 1 h. Br J Surg,993,80:1161-5
[32]Nagasue N,Yukaya H,Ogawa Y.Segmental and subsegmental resections of the cirrhotic liver under hepatic inflow and outflow occlusion0.Br J Surg,1985,72:565-8
[33]Nagasue N,Uchida M,Kubota H.Cirrhotic livers can tolerate 30 minutes ischaemia at normal environmental temperature.Eur J Surg,1995,161:181-6
[34]Kim Y,Kobayashi M,Aramaki N. "Early-stage " cirrhotic liver can withstand 75 minutes of inflow occlusion during resection.Hepatogastroenterology,1994,41:355-8
[35]Elias D,Desruennes E.Lasser P.Prolonged intermittent clamping of the portal triad during hepatectomy.Br J Surg,1991,78: 42-4
[36]Makuuchi M,Mori T,Gunven P,et al.Safety of hemihepatic vascular occlusion during resection of the liver.Surg Gynecol Obstet,1987,164:155-8
[37]Wu CC,Hwang CR,Liu TJ,et al.Effects and limitations of prolonged intermittent ischaemia for hepatic resection of the cirrhotic liver.Br J Surg,1996,83:121-4
[38]Isozaki H,Okajima K,Kobayashi M,et al.Experimental study of liver injury after partial hepatectomy with intermittent or continuous hepatic vascular occlusion.Differences in tolerance to ischemia between normal and cirrhotic livers.Eur Surg Res,1995,27:313-22
[39]Horiuchi T,Muraoka R,Takanori T.Optimal cycles of hepatic ischaemia and reperfusion for intermittent pedicle clamping during liver surgery.Arch Surg,1995,130:252-6
[40]Belghiti J,Noun R,Malafosse R, et al.Continuous versus intermittent portal triad clamping for liver resection: a controlled study.Ann Surg,1999,229:369-75
[41]Sakamoto Y,Makuuchi M,Takayama T, et al.Pringle's maneuver lasting 322 min. Hepatogastroenterology,1999,46:457-8
[42]Bismuth H.Surgical anatomy and anatomical surgery of the liver.World J Surg,1982,6:3-9
[43]Yanaga K,Matsumata T.Nishizaki T,et al.Alternate hemihepatic vascular control technique for hepatic resection [see comments].Am J Surg,1993,165:365-6
[44]Gotoh M.Monden M,Sakon M,et al.Hilar lobar vascular occlusion for hepatic resection.J Am Coll Surg,1994,178:6-10
[45]Malassagne B,Cherqui D,Alon R,et al.Safety of selective vascular clamping for major hepatectomies.J Am Coll Surg,1998,187:482-6
[46]Miyagawa S,Makuuchi M,Kawasaki S.Changes in serum amylase level following hepatic resection in chronic liver disease.Arch Surg,1994,129:634-8
[47]Dionigi R,Dominioni I,Benevento A.Risultati dell'impiego delle nuove echnologie nelle resezioni epatiche.Chir Triveneta,1996,36:4-9
[48]Shimamura Y,Gunven P,Takenaka Y.Selective portal branch occlusion by balloon catheter during liver resection.Surgery,1986,100:938-41
[49]Okuda K,Nakayama T,Taniwaki S, et al.A new technique of hepatectomy using an occlusion balloon catheter for the hepatic vein.Am J Surg,1992,163:431-4
[50]Heaney J.Stanton W,Halbert D.An improved technique for vascular isolation of the liver: experimental study and case reports.Ann Surg,1966,163:237-41
[51]Heaney J,Jacobson A.Simplified control of upper abdominal bleeding from the vena cava. Surgery,1975,78:138-41
[52]Emre S,Schwartz ME,Katz E,et al.Liver resection under total vascular isolation.Variations on a theme.Ann Surg,1993,217:15-9
[53]Habib N,Zografos G,Dalla Serra G,et al.Liver resection with total vascular exclusion for malignant tumours.Br J Surg,1994,81:1181-4
[54]Emond J,Wachs ME,Renz JF,et al.Total vascular exclusion for major hepatectomy in patients with abnormal liver parenchyma.Arch Surg,1995,130:824-30
[55]Belghiti J,Noun R,Zante E,et al.Portal triad clamping or hepatic vascular exclusion for major liver resection. A controlled study.Ann Surg,1996,224:155-61
[56]Makuuchi M,Yamamoto J,Takayama T,et al.Extrahepatic division of the right hepatic vein in hepatectomy .Hepatogastroenterology,1991,38:176-9
[57]Jones R,Moulton C,Hardy K.Central venous pressure and its effect on blood loss during liver resection.Br J Surg,1998,85:1058-60
[58]Hatano Y,Murakawa M,Segawa H.Venous air embolism during hepatic resection. Anesthesiology,1990,73:1282-5
[1] Yang MC,Lee PH,Sheu JC,et al.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the caudate lobe.World J Surg,1996,20,562-6
[2] Nagasue N,Kohno H,Yamanoi A,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatoce llular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg, 1997,184: 1-8
[3] Elias D,Lasser PH,Desruennes E,et al.Surgical approach to segment I for malligant tumors of the liver.Surg Gyn Obstet,1992,175:17-24
[4] Barrett D,Fong Y,Blumgart L, et al.Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver:technique and results.Br J Surg, 1996,83:1076-81
[5] Yamamoto J,Kosuge T,Shimada K, et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolated resection of the caudate lobe of the liver. World J Surg,1999,23:97-101
[6] Sarmiento JM,Que FG, Nagorney DM.Surgical outcomes of isolated caudate lobe resection: a single series of 19 patients.Surgery,2002,132: 697-708
[7] Lu CL, Wu JC,Chiang JH,et al.Hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe:early diagnosis and active treatment may result in long-term survival.J Gastroenterol Hepatol,1997;12:144-8
[8] 何振平，蔡景修，王傲川，等．尾状叶肝癌切除一例报道．中华外科杂志，1990，28：627
[9] 张文智，刘永雄，罗英，等．肝尾叶肿瘤的外科治疗．中华肝胆外科杂志，1998，4：6-7
[10] 彭淑牖，牟一平，彭承宏，等．肝尾状叶切除术26例报告．中华外科杂志，1999，37：12-3
[11] 樊嘉，吴志全，汤钊猷，等．全尾状叶切除治疗肝尾状叶肿瘤．中华肝胆外科杂志，1999，5：29-30
[12] Heloury Y,Leborgne J,Robert JM,et al.The caudate lobe of the liver.Surg Radiol Anat,1988,10:83-91
[13] Couinaud C.Surgical anatomy of the liver revistied. Paris Maugein, 1989,34:123-4.
[14] Kogure K, Kuwano H,Fujimaki N, et al.Relation among portal segmentation, proper hepatic vein, and external notch of the caudate lobe in the human liver. Ann Surg,2000, 231(2):223-8
[15] Healey JE,Schory PC.Anatomy of the biliary ducts within the human liver.Arch Surg,1953, 66: 599-616
[16] Kumon M.Anatomy of the caudate lobe with special reference to portal vein and bile duct. Acta Hepatol Jpn,1985,26:1193-9
[17] 李加起．肝后下腔静脉前间隙的解剖及临床应用进展．中国现代普外科进展，2005，8(3)132-4
[18] Toshio J Satol,Ichiro Hirail,Gen Murakamil.An anatomical study of short hepatic veins,with special reference to delineation of the caudate lobe for hanging maneuver of the liver without the usual mobilization. Clin Anat, 2001, 14: 200-2
[19] Hirai I,Murakami G,Kimura W,et al.How should we treat short hepatic veins and paracaval branches in anterior hepatectomy using the hanging maneuver without mobilization of the liver.Clin Anat, 2003,16:224-32
[20] Sato TJ,Hirai I,Murakami G, et al.An anatomical study of short hepatic veins with special reference to delineation of the caudate lobe for hanging maneuver of the liver without the usual mobilization.J Hepatobiliary Pancrent surg,2002,9:55-9
[21] Camargo AM,Teixeira GG,Ortale J R.Anatomy of the ostia venae hepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.J Anat,1996,188 (1):59-64
[22] 叶启发，文志向，沙波，等．40例成人尸体肝解剖及临床应用探讨．中国现代普通外科进展，1998，1(1)：48-9
[23] Chang RW,Shanquan S,Yen WW.An applied anatomical study of the ostia venae hepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.J Anat,1989,164:41-7
[24] Ger R.Surgical anatomy of hepatic venous system.Clin Anat,1998,1:15
[25] Kwon DH,Murakami G,Wang HJ,et al.Configuration along the ventral margin of the paracaval portion of the human caudate lobe. Clin Anat,2002, 15:325-36
[26] Kitagawa S, Murakami G,Hata F,et al.Configuration of the right portion of the caudate lobe with special reference to the identification of its right margin.Clin Anat,2000,13:321-40
[27] Cheng YF,Huang TL, Chen CL, et al.Anatomic dissociation between the intrahepatic bile duct and portal vein: risk factors for left hepatectomy. World J Surg,1997,21:297-300
[28] Kamiya J,Nimura Y,Hayakawa N,et al.Preoperative cholangiography of the caudate lobe: surgical anatomy and staging for biliary carcinoma.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,1994,4:385-9
[29] Shinohara Y.Demonstration of caudate lobe bile ducts using 3D-CT cholangiography.Jpn J Assoc Surg,1995,96: 88-96
[30] Furukawa H,Sano K, Kosuge T,et al.Analysis of biliary drainage in the caudate lobe of the liver:comparison of three-dimensional CT cholangiography and rotating cine cholangiography. Radiology, 1997,204: 113-7
[31] Redaelli CA,Wagner M,Krahenbuhl L, et al.Liver surgery in the era of tissue-preserving resections:early and late outcome in patients with primary and secondary hepatic tumors. World J Surg,2002,26: 1126-32
[32] Kanematsu T, Takenaka K, Matsumata T, et al.Limited hepatic resection effective for selected cirrhotic patients with primary liver cancer.Ann Surg,1984,199:51-6
[33] Yoshida Y, Kanematsu T, Matsumata T, et al.Surgical margin and recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients withcirrhosis: further evaluation of limited hepatic resection. Ann. Surg, 1989,209: 297-301
[34] Stoker J,Romijn MG, de Man RA,et al.Prospective comparative study of spiral computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Gut,2002,51:105
[35] Regimbeau JM,Kinmanesh R,Farges O,et al.Extent of liver resection influences the outcome in patients with cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery,2002,131:311-7
[36] Yamamoto J,Kosuge T,Shimada K, et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolates resection of the caudate lobe of the liver. World J Surg,1999,23(1):97-101
[37] Belghiti J,Guevara OA,Noun R,et al.Liver hanging maneuver :a safe approach to right hepatectomy without liver mobilization .J Am Coll Surg,2001,193 (1): 109-11
[38] 彭淑牖，曹利平，李江涛，等．肝后隧道的建立与绕肝带的使用在高难度肝切除术中的作用．中华医学杂志，2003，83(19)：1644-7
[39] Kokudo N,Sugawara Y,Imamura H,et al.Sling suspension of the liver in donor operation: a gradual tape repositioning technique. Transplantation,2003,76(5):803-7
[40] 黄志强．单独肝尾状叶全切除术．消化外科，2002，1(1)：62-65
[2] Yang MC,Lee PH,Sheu JC,et al.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the caudate lobe. World JSurg,1996, 20: 562-6
[3] Nagasue N,Kohno H,Yamanoi A,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg,1997, 184: 1-8
[4] Elias D,Lasser PH,Desruennes E,et al.Surgical approach to segment I for malligant tumors of the liver. Surg Gyn Obstet,1992, 175: 17-24
[5] Barrett D,Fong Y,Blumgart L, et al.Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver:technique and results.Br J Surg,1996, 83: 1076-81
[6] Yamamoto J,Kosuge T, Shimada K, et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolated resection of the caudate lobe of the liver. World J Surg,1999,23:97-101
[7] Sarmiento JM,Que FG, Nagorney DM.Surgical outcomes of isolated caudate lobe resection:a single series of 19 patients.Surgery,2002,132: 697-708
[8] Lu CL, Wu JC,Chiang JH,et al.Hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe: early diagnosis and active treatment may result in long-term survival.J Gastroenterol. Hepatol,1997,12: 144-8
[9] 何振平，蔡景修，王傲川，等．尾状叶肝癌切除一例报道．中华外科杂志，1990，28：627
[10] 张文智，刘永雄，罗英，等．肝尾叶肿瘤的外科治疗．中华肝胆外科杂志，1998，4：6-7
[11] 彭淑牖，牟一平，彭承宏，等．肝尾状叶切除术26例报告．中华外科杂志，1999，37：12-3
[12] 樊嘉，吴志全，汤钊猷，等．全尾状叶切除治疗肝尾状叶肿瘤．中华肝胆外科杂志，1999，5：29-30
[13] Ikegami T, Nishizaki T, Yanaga K, et al. Changes in the caudate lobe that is transplanted with extended left lobe liver graft from living donors. Surgery, 2001, 129: 86-90
[14] Takayasu K, Muramatsu Y, Shima Y, et al.Clinical and radiologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe. Cancer,1986,58: 1557-62
[15] Shimada M,Matsumata T, Maeda T, et al.Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe. Hepatology,1994,19:911-5
[16] Takayama T, Makuuchi M.Segmental liver resections,present and future: caudate lobe resection for liver tumors.Hepatogastroenterology,1998,45:20-3
[17]Schwartrs I.Resection of the lobe of the lvier.J Am Coll Surg,1997,184:75-6
[18]Heloury Y,Leborgne J,Robert JM,et al.The caudate lobe of the liver.Surg Radiol Anat,1988,10:83-91
[19]Kumon M.Anatomy of the caudate lobe with special reference to portal vein and bile duct. Acta Hepatol Jpn,1985,26 :1193-9
[20]彭裕文等.局部解剖学,人民卫生出版社,2002,5,113
[21]Couinaud C.Surgical anatomy of the liver revistied. Paris Maugein,1989,11:123-4
[22]Kogure K,Kuwano H,Fujimaki N,et al.M Relation among portal segmentation,proper hepatic vein,and external notch of the caudate lobe in the human liver.Ann Surg,2000,231(2):223-8
[23]Healey JE.Schory PC.Anatomy of the biliary ducts within the human liver.Arch Surg,1953,66:599-616
[24]Redaelli CA,Wagner M,Krahenbuhl L,et al.Liver surgery in the era of tissue-preserving resections:early and late outcome in patients with primary and secondary hepatic tumors. World J Surg,2002,26:1126-32
[25]Nagasue N,Yamanoi A,el-Assal ON et al.Major compared with limited hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma without underlying cirrhosis:a retrospective analysis.Eur J Surg, 1999,165:638-46
[26]Kanematsu T,Takenaka K,Matsumata T,et al.Limited hepatic resection effective for selected cirrhotic patients with primary liver cancer.Ann Surg, 1984,199:51-56
[27]Yoshida Y,Kanematsu T,Matsumata T,et al.Surgical margin and recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients withcirrhosis: further evaluation of limited hepatic resection. Ann Surg,1989,209:297-301
[28]Stoker J,Romijn MG,de Man RA,et al.Prospective comparative study of spiral computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Gut,2002,51:105
[29]Regimbeau JM,Kinmanesh R.Farges O,et al.Extent of liver resection influences the outcome in patients with cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery,2002,131:311-7
[30]Miyagawa,Shinich,Hashikura.Concomitant caudate lobe resection as an option for donor hepatectomy in adult living related liver transplantation.Tansplantation,1998,66(5):661-3
[31]Cheng YF,Huang TL,Chen CL,et al.Anatomic dissociation between the intrahepatic bile duct and portal vein: risk factors for left hepatectomy. World J Surg, 1997, 21: 297-300
[32] Kamiya J,Nimura Y,Hayakawa N,et al. Preoperative cholangiography of the caudate lobe: surgical anatomy and staging for biliary carcinoma.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,1994,4:385-9
[33] Shinohara Y.Demonstration of caudate lobe bile ducts using 3D-CT cholangiography.Jpn J Assoc Surg,1995, 96: 88-96
[34] Furukawa H,Sano K, Kosuge T,et al. Analysis of biliary drainage in the caudate lobe of the liver:comparison of three-dimensional CT cholangiography and rotating cine cholangiography. Radiology, 1997,204: 1137
[35] 李加起．肝后下腔静脉前间隙的解剖及临床应用进展．中国现代普外科进展，2005，8(3)：132-4
[36] Belghiti J,Guevara OA,Noun R,et al.Liver hanging maneuver:a safe approach to right hepatectomy without liver mobilization.J Am Coll Surg ,2001,193 (1):109-11
[37] Toshio J Satol, lchiro Hirai2, Gen Murakamil.An anatomical study of short hepatic veins, with special reference to delineation of the caudate lobe for hanging maneuver of the liver without the usual mobilization.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,2002,9:55-60
[38] Hirai I,Kimura W,Murakami G,et al.Surgical anatomy of the inferior vena cava ligament. Hepatogast roenterology,2003, 50(52):983-7
[39] Hirai I,Murakami G,Kimura W,et al.How should we treat short hepatic veins and paracaval branches in anterior hepatectomy using the hanging maneuver without mobilization of the liver lin Anat,2003,16:224-32
[40] Sato TJ,Hirai I,Murakami G,et al. An anatomical study of short hepatic veins with special reference to delineation of the caudate lobe for hanging maneuver of the liver without the usual mobilization.J Hepatobiliary Pancrent surg,2002, 9:55-60
[41] Camargo AM,Teixeira GG,Ortale J R.Anatomy of the ostia venae bepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.J Anat,1996,188 (1):59-64
[42] 叶启发，文志向，沙波，等．40例成人尸体肝解剖及临床应用探讨．中国现代普通外科进展，1998，1(1)：48-9
[43] Chang RW,Shanquan S,Yen WW.An applied anatomical study of the ostia venae hepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.J Anat,1989,164:41-7
[44] Ger R.Surgical anatomy of hepatic venous system.Glin Anat,1998,1:15.
[45] Kanamura T, Murakami G,Hirai I,et al.High dorsal drainage routes of Spiegel's lobe.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,2001,8:549-56
[46] 彭淑牖，曹利平，李江涛，等．肝后隧道的建立与绕肝带的使用在高难度肝切除术中的作用．中华医学杂志，2003，83(19)：1644-7
[47] Ettorre GM,Vennarecci G,Lonardo MT, et al.The modified "hanging maneuver" during orthotopic liver transplantation using a technique for conserving the inferior vena cava.Tumori,2003, 89(4):63-5
[48] Kokudo N,Sugawara Y,Imamura H,et al.Sling suspension of the liver in donor operation: a gradual tape repositioning technique.Transplantation,2003, 76(5):803-7
[49] Kwon DH, Murakami G, Wang HJ,et al.Configuration along the ventral margin of the paracaval portion of the human caudate lobe. Clin Anat,2002, 15:325-36
[50] Kitagawa S,Murakami G,Hata F, et al.Configuration of the right portion of the caudate lobe with special reference to the identification of its right margin. Clin Anat,2000,13:321-40
[51] Takayama T, Tanaka T,Higaki T,et al. High dorsal resection of the liver.J Am Coll Surg,1994; 179: 72-75.
[1] 黄志强，周宁新，黄晓强，等．尾状叶外科---肝外科的最后领域．消化外科，2004，3(1)：1-17
[2] Shimad M,Matsumata T,Maeda T,et al.Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe. Hepatology,1994,19:911-5
[3] Colonna Ⅱ JO,Shaked A,Gelabert HA,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe through "bloody gultch".SGO,1993, 176: 401-2
[4] Nagasue N,Kohno H,Yamanoi A ,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrence hepatocellular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg,1997,184: 1-8
[5] 张文智，刘永雄，罗英，等．肝尾状叶肿瘤的外科治疗．中华肝胆外科杂志，1998，4：6-7
[6] Poyanli A,Sencer S.Computed tomography scan of the liver.Eur J Radiol,1999,32(1):15-20
[7] Leppek R,Klose KJ.3-Dimaging of the liver.Radiology,1995,35 (10):769-7
[8] Dalla Palma L, Pozzi Mucelli R,Sponza M,et al.Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography, computerized tomography, angiography and lipiodol CT in defining extent of hepatocarcinoma:A multicenter study.Radiol Med(Torino),1995,89 (3):270-7
[9] Fedorov VD,Karmazanovskii GG,Kubyshkin VA,et al.Spiral computer tomography in diagnosis of hepatic diseases. Khirurgiia (Mosk),1998,5(1):9-14
[10] Kubota K, Makuuchi M,Kusaka K, et al.Measurement of liver volume and hepatic functional reserve as a guide to decision making in resectional surgery for hepatic tumors. Hepatology, 1997,26 (5): 1176-81
[11] Ogasawara K, Une Y,Nakajima Y,et al.The significance of measuring liver volume using computed tomographic images before and after hepatectomy.Surg Today,1995,25 (1):43-8
[12] Couinaud C.The liver:anatomic and surgical studies.Paris:Masson,1957,71-118
[13] Atri M,Bret PM,Fraser Hill MA.Intrahepatic portal venous variations:prevalence with US.Radiology,1992,184:157-8
[14] 黄志强，主编．肝脏外科手术学．北京：人民军医出版社，1996．14-9
[15] 林江，陈祖望，周康荣，等．肝内门静脉和肝静脉的解剖和变异(三维动态增强磁共振血管成像分析．中华放射学杂志，1999，33(6)：403-6
[16] Kamel IR,kuslal JB,Pomfret EA,et al.Impact of multidetector CT on donor selection and surgical planning before living adult right lobe liver transplantation.AJR,2001,176(1):193-200
[17] Dodd GD Ⅲ.An American guide to couinaud'numbering system.AJR,1993,161:574-5
[18] Jean HD,Dirk Selle,Carl J G,et al.Segmental anatomy of the liver:poor correlation with CT. Radiology,1998,206: 151-6
[19] Soyer P,Roche A,Gad M,et al.Preoperative segmental localization of hepatic metastases:utility of three-dimensional CT during arterial portography. Radiology,1991,180(3):653-8
[20] Nelson RC,Chezmar JL, Sugarbaker PH,et al.Preoperative localization of focal liver lesions to specific liver segments: utility of CT during arterial portography. Radiology,1990,176: 89-94
[21] Soyer P,Bluemke DA, Sliss DF,et al.Surgical segmental anatomy of the liver:demonstration with spiral CT during arterial portography and multiplanar reconstruction. AJR, 1994, 163: 99-103
[22] Van Leewen MS,Noordzij J,Fernandez MA ,et al .Portal venous and segmental anatomy of the right hemiliver:observations based on three-dimensional spiral CT renderings.AJR,1994,163: 1395-404
[23] Guseppe B,Michael PF, Sanjeev K, et al.Hemodynamic characterization of focal nodular hyperplasis using three-dimensional volume eindered multidetector CT angiography. AJR,2002,179:81-5
[24] 金武男，杨香，车成日，等．螺旋CT三维重建对各肝段引流静脉的研究及其临床意义．中国临床解剖学杂志，2004，22(2)：193-5
[25] Kubota K, Makuuchi M,Kusaka K, et al.Measurement of liver volume and hepatic functional reserve as a fuide to decision making in resectional surgery for hepatic tumors.Hepatology,1997,26(5):1176-81
[26] Ogasawara K, Uke Y,Nakajima Y,et al.The significance of measuring liver volume suing computed tomographic images before and after hepatectomey.Surg Today,1995,25(1):43-8
[27] Authey JN,Chaoui S,Do KA ,et al.Standardized measurenint of the future liver remnant prior to extended liver resection:Methodology and clinical associations.Surgery ,2000,127(5):512-9
[28] 潘华峰，陈孝平，李开艳，等．CT和彩色多普检查预测肝癌手术切除安全性的价值．中华实验外科杂志，2000，17(3：)221-2
[1] Ikegami T, Nishizaki T, Yanaga K, et al.Changes in the caudate lobe that is transplanted with extended left lobe liver graft from living donors.Surgery,2001,129:86-90
[2] Yang MC,Lee PH,Sheu JC,et al.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the caudate lobe.World JSurg,1996,20: 562-6
[3] Nagasue N, Kohno H,Yamanoi A,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg,1997,184:1-8
[4] Elias D,Lasser PH,Desruennes E,et al.Surgical approach to segment I for malligant tumors of the liver.Surg Gyn Obstet,1992,175:17-24
[5] Barrett D,Fong Y,Blumgart L, et al.Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver: technique and results.Br J Surg,1996,83:1076-81
[6] Yamamoto J,Kosuge T, Shimada K, et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolated resection of the caudate lobe of the liver.World J Surg,1999,23:97-101
[7] Sarmiento JM,Que FG, Nagorney DM.Surgical outcomes of isolated caudate lobe resection:a single series of 19 patients.Surgery,2002,132:697-708
[8] Lu CL, Wu JC,Chiang JH,et al.Hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe: early diagnosis and active treatment may result in long-term survival.J Gastroenterol Hepatol,1997,12:144-8
[9] 何振平，蔡景修，王傲川，等．尾状叶肝癌切除一例报道．中华外科杂志，1990，28：627
[10] 张文智，刘永雄，罗英，等．肝尾叶肿瘤的外科治疗．中华肝胆外科杂志，1998，4：6-7
[11] 彭淑牖，牟一平，彭承宏，等．肝尾状叶切除术26例报告．中华外科杂志，1999，37：12
[12] 樊嘉，吴志全，汤钊猷，等．全尾状叶切除治疗肝尾状叶肿瘤．中华肝胆外科杂志，1999，5：29-30
[13] Gutt CN,Riemer V, Brier C,et al.Standardized technique of laparoscopic surgery in the rat. Dig Surg,1998,15(2): 135-9
[14] Tsuboi S,Kitano S,Yoshida T, et al.Effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats. Surg Endosc,2002,16(8): 1220-5
[15] Gutt CN,Riemer V, Kim ZG, et al.Impact of laparoscopic colonic resection on tumour growth and spread in an experimental model.Br J Surg,1999,86(9):1180-4
[16] Lee SW, Southall J,Allendorf J,et al.Traumatic handling of the tumor independent of pneumoperitoneum increases port site implantation rate of colon cancer in a murine model. Surg Endosc,1998,12(6):828-4
[17] Kuntz C,Kienle P, Schmeding M,et al.Comparison of laparoscopic versus conventional technique in colonic and liver resection in a tumor-bearing small animal model.Surg Endosc, 2002, 16(8): 1175-81
[18] Ishida H,Murata N,Yamada H,et al.Effect of CO_2 pneumoperitoneum on growth of liver micrometastases in a rabbit model. World J Surg,2000,24(8):1004-8
[19] Kurian MS,Gagner M,Murakami Y, et al.Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor hepatectomy for living related transplantation in the porcine model. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech,2002, 12(4): 232-7
[20] Brundell SM,Tsopelas C,Chatterton B,et al.Experimental study of peritoneal blood flow and insufflation pressure during laparoscopy.Br J Surg,2002,89(5):617-22
[21] Haberstroh J,Ahrens M,Munzar T, et al.Effects of the Pringle maneuver on hemodynamics during laparoscopic liver resection in the pig. Eur Surg Res,1996,28(1):8-13
[22] Schmandra TC, Mierdl S,Bauer H,et al.Transoesophageal echocardiography shows high risk of gas embolism during laparoscopic hepatic resection under carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Br J Surg,2002,89(7):870-6
[23] Foley EF, Kolecki RV, Schirmer BD.The accuracy of laparoscopic ultrasound in the detection of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Am J Surg,1998,176(3):262-4
[24] Schob OM,Schlumpf RB,Unlschmid GK, et al.The multimodal water jet dissector---a technology for laparoscopic liver surgery.Endosc Surg Allied Technol, 1994,2(6):311-4
[25] Michel MS,Kohrmann KU,Weber A,et al.Rotoresect: new technique for resection of the prostate: experimental phase.J Endourol,1996,10(5):473-8
[26] Descottes B,Lachachi F, Sodji M,et al.Early experience with laparoscopic approach for solid liver tumors: initial 16 cases.Ann Surg,2000,232(5):641-5
[27] Katkhouda N,Mavor E.Laparoscopic management of benign liver disease.Surg Clin North Am,2000,80(4): 1203-11
[28] Marescaux J,Clement JM,Tassetti V, et al.Virtual reality applied to hepatic surgery simulation: the next revolution. Ann Surg,1998,228(5):627-34
[29] Katkhouda N,Hurwitz M,Gugenheim J,et al.Laparoscopic management of benign solid and cystic lesions of the liver.Ann Surg,1999,229(4):460-6
[30] Cherqui D,Husson E,Hammoud R,et al.Laparoscopic liver resections: a feasibility study in 30 patients.Ann Surg,2000,232(6):753-62
[31] 张永福，邓继延，林一玫，等．经腹腔镜行腹内手术2331例麻醉体会．医学理论与实践，1997，10(5)：236-7
[32] Baer HU, Metzger A, Barras JP, et al. Laparoscopic liver resection in the Large White pig---a comparison between waterjet dissector and ultrasound dissector.Endosc Surg Allied Technol, 1994,2(34):189-93
[33] Kaneko H,Takagi S,Shiba I.Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy and left lateral segmentectomy: technique and results of a clinical series. Surgery,1996,120(3):468-75
[34] Rau HG,Buttler E,Meyer G, et al.Laparoscopic liver resection compared with conventional partial hepatectomy---a prospective analysis. Hepatogastroenterology,1998,45(24):2333-8
[35] 蔡秀军，王先法，李立波，等．腹腔镜肝切除6例报告．中华外科杂志，2001，39(3)：202-4
[36] 刘荣，周宁新，黄志强，等．完全腹腔镜肝切除25例临床报告．中华普通外科杂志，2003，18(7)：400-2
[37] Gagner M,Rheault M,Dubuc J.Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for liver tumor.Surg Endosc, 1992,6(1):97-98
[38] Paul H,Robert L, Lee LS.Minimally invasive approaches to hepatic surgery. Hepatogastroenterology,2001,48(1):37-40
[39] Schmidbauer S,Hallfeldt KK, Sitzmann G, et al.Experience with ultrasound scissors and blades (UltraCision) in open and laparoscopic liver resection. Ann Surg,2002,235(1):27-30
[1]Reich H,McGlynn F,DeCaprio J,et al.Laparoscopic excision of benign liver lesions.Obstet Gynecol,1991,78:956-8
[2]Samama G,Chiche L,Brefort J,et al.Laparoscopic anatomical hepatic resection.Report of four left lobectomies for solid tumors.Surg-Endosc,1998,12(1):76-8
[3]Ikegami T,Nishizaki T,Yanaga K,et al.Changes in the caudate lobe that is transplanted with extended left lobe liver graft from living donors.Surgery,2001,129:86-90
[4]Yang MC,Lee PH, Sheu JC,et al.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the caudate lobe.World JSurg,1996,20:562-6
[5]Nagasue N,Kohno H,Yamanoi A,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg,1997,184:1-8
[6]Elias D,Lasser PH,Desruennes E,et al.Surgical approach to segment I or malligant tumors of the liver.Surg Gyn Obstet,1992,175:17-24
[7]Bartett D,Fong Y,Blumgart L,et al.Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver: technique and results.Br J Surg,1996,83:1076-81
[8]Yamamoto J,Kosuge T.Shimada K,et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolated resection of the caudate lobe of the liver.World J Surg,1999,23:97-101
[9]Sarmiento JM,Que FG,Nagorney DM.Surgical outcomes of isolated caudate lobe resection: a single series of 19 patients.Surgery,2002,132:697-708
[10]Lu CL,Wu JC,Chiang JH,et al.Hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe:early diagnosis and active treatment may result in long-term survival.J Gastroenterol Hepatol,1997,12:144-8
[11]Bismuth H.Surgical anatomy and anatomical surgery of the liver.World J Surg,1982,6: 3-9
[12]Ekberg H, Tranberg KG, Andersson R, et al. Major liver resection: perioperative course and management.Surgery,1986,100:1-8
[13]Nagorney DM, van Heerden JA, Ilstrup DM, et al. Primary hepatic malignancy: surgical management and determinants of survival.Surgery,1989,106:740-8
[14]Farid H,O'Connell T.Hepatic resections:changing mortality and morbidity.Am Surg,1994,10: 748-53
[15]Matsumata T,Kanematsu T.Shirabe K,et al.Decreased morbidity and mortality rates in surgical patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Br J Surg,1990,77:677-80
[16]Yanaga K,Kanematsu T,Takenaka K, et al.Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly patients.Am J Surg,1988,155:238-41
[17] Stephenson KR,Steinberg SM, Hughes KS, et al.Perioperative blood transfusions are associated with decreased time to recurrence and decreased survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases.Ann Surg,1988,208: 679-87
[18]Tung TT.Les resections Majeures et Mineures du Fois.Paris: Masson,1957,15-6
[19]Rees M,Plant G,Wells J,et al.One hundred and fifty hepatic resections: evolution of technique towards bloodless surgery.Br J Surg,1996,83:1526-9
[20] Jamieson GG,Corbel L,Campion JP,et al.Major liver resection without a blood transfusion:is it a realistic objective?Surgery,1992,112:32-6
[21]Kim YI,Nakashima K,Tada I, et al.Prolonged normothermic ischaemia of human cirrhotic liver during hepatectomy: a preliminary report.Br J Surg,1993,80:1566-70
[22]Lortat-Jacob J,Robert H,Henry L.Un cas d'hepatectomie droite reglee.Mem Acad Chir,1952, 78:244-51
[23]Pringle J.Notes on the arrest of hepatic hemorrhage due to trauma.Ann Surg,1908,48:541-9
[24]Nagasue N,Yukaya H,Ogawa Y.Segmental and subsegmental resections of the cirrhotic liver under hepatic inflow and outflow occlusion.Br J Surg,1985,72:565-8
[25]Nuzzo G,Giuliante F,Murazio M.I1 clampaggio del peduncolo portale nelle resezioni epatiche. Chirurgia,1994,7:576-82
[26]Man K,Fan ST,Ng IO, et al.Prospective evaluation of Pringle maneuver in hepatectomy for liver tumors by a randomized study.Ann Surg,1997,226:704-11
[27]Delva E,Camus Y,Nordlinger B,et al.Vascular occlusions for liver resections:Operative management and tolerance to hepatic ischemia: 142 cases.Ann Surg,1989,209:211-8
[28]Huguet C,Gavelli A,Chieco PA,et al.Liver ischemia for hepatic resection:where is the limit? Surgery,1992,111:251-9
[29]Huguet C,Nordlinger B,Bloch P,et al.Tolerance of the human liver to prolonged normothermic ischemia. A biological study of 20 patients submitted to extensive hepatectomy. Arch Surg,1978,113:1448-51
[30]Bismuth H,Castaing D,Garden OJ.Major hepatic resection under total vascular exclusion. Ann Surg,1989,210:13-9
[31]Hannoun L,Borie D,Delva E,et al.Liver resection with normothermic ischaemia exceeding 1 h. Br J Surg,993,80:1161-5
[32]Nagasue N,Yukaya H,Ogawa Y.Segmental and subsegmental resections of the cirrhotic liver under hepatic inflow and outflow occlusion0.Br J Surg,1985,72:565-8
[33]Nagasue N,Uchida M,Kubota H.Cirrhotic livers can tolerate 30 minutes ischaemia at normal environmental temperature.Eur J Surg,1995,161:181-6
[34]Kim Y,Kobayashi M,Aramaki N. "Early-stage " cirrhotic liver can withstand 75 minutes of inflow occlusion during resection.Hepatogastroenterology,1994,41:355-8
[35]Elias D,Desruennes E.Lasser P.Prolonged intermittent clamping of the portal triad during hepatectomy.Br J Surg,1991,78: 42-4
[36]Makuuchi M,Mori T,Gunven P,et al.Safety of hemihepatic vascular occlusion during resection of the liver.Surg Gynecol Obstet,1987,164:155-8
[37]Wu CC,Hwang CR,Liu TJ,et al.Effects and limitations of prolonged intermittent ischaemia for hepatic resection of the cirrhotic liver.Br J Surg,1996,83:121-4
[38]Isozaki H,Okajima K,Kobayashi M,et al.Experimental study of liver injury after partial hepatectomy with intermittent or continuous hepatic vascular occlusion.Differences in tolerance to ischemia between normal and cirrhotic livers.Eur Surg Res,1995,27:313-22
[39]Horiuchi T,Muraoka R,Takanori T.Optimal cycles of hepatic ischaemia and reperfusion for intermittent pedicle clamping during liver surgery.Arch Surg,1995,130:252-6
[40]Belghiti J,Noun R,Malafosse R, et al.Continuous versus intermittent portal triad clamping for liver resection: a controlled study.Ann Surg,1999,229:369-75
[41]Sakamoto Y,Makuuchi M,Takayama T, et al.Pringle's maneuver lasting 322 min. Hepatogastroenterology,1999,46:457-8
[42]Bismuth H.Surgical anatomy and anatomical surgery of the liver.World J Surg,1982,6:3-9
[43]Yanaga K,Matsumata T.Nishizaki T,et al.Alternate hemihepatic vascular control technique for hepatic resection [see comments].Am J Surg,1993,165:365-6
[44]Gotoh M.Monden M,Sakon M,et al.Hilar lobar vascular occlusion for hepatic resection.J Am Coll Surg,1994,178:6-10
[45]Malassagne B,Cherqui D,Alon R,et al.Safety of selective vascular clamping for major hepatectomies.J Am Coll Surg,1998,187:482-6
[46]Miyagawa S,Makuuchi M,Kawasaki S.Changes in serum amylase level following hepatic resection in chronic liver disease.Arch Surg,1994,129:634-8
[47]Dionigi R,Dominioni I,Benevento A.Risultati dell'impiego delle nuove echnologie nelle resezioni epatiche.Chir Triveneta,1996,36:4-9
[48]Shimamura Y,Gunven P,Takenaka Y.Selective portal branch occlusion by balloon catheter during liver resection.Surgery,1986,100:938-41
[49]Okuda K,Nakayama T,Taniwaki S, et al.A new technique of hepatectomy using an occlusion balloon catheter for the hepatic vein.Am J Surg,1992,163:431-4
[50]Heaney J.Stanton W,Halbert D.An improved technique for vascular isolation of the liver: experimental study and case reports.Ann Surg,1966,163:237-41
[51]Heaney J,Jacobson A.Simplified control of upper abdominal bleeding from the vena cava. Surgery,1975,78:138-41
[52]Emre S,Schwartz ME,Katz E,et al.Liver resection under total vascular isolation.Variations on a theme.Ann Surg,1993,217:15-9
[53]Habib N,Zografos G,Dalla Serra G,et al.Liver resection with total vascular exclusion for malignant tumours.Br J Surg,1994,81:1181-4
[54]Emond J,Wachs ME,Renz JF,et al.Total vascular exclusion for major hepatectomy in patients with abnormal liver parenchyma.Arch Surg,1995,130:824-30
[55]Belghiti J,Noun R,Zante E,et al.Portal triad clamping or hepatic vascular exclusion for major liver resection. A controlled study.Ann Surg,1996,224:155-61
[56]Makuuchi M,Yamamoto J,Takayama T,et al.Extrahepatic division of the right hepatic vein in hepatectomy .Hepatogastroenterology,1991,38:176-9
[57]Jones R,Moulton C,Hardy K.Central venous pressure and its effect on blood loss during liver resection.Br J Surg,1998,85:1058-60
[58]Hatano Y,Murakawa M,Segawa H.Venous air embolism during hepatic resection. Anesthesiology,1990,73:1282-5
[1] Yang MC,Lee PH,Sheu JC,et al.Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma originating from the caudate lobe.World J Surg,1996,20,562-6
[2] Nagasue N,Kohno H,Yamanoi A,et al.Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver for primary and recurrent hepatoce llular carcinomas.J Am Coll Surg, 1997,184: 1-8
[3] Elias D,Lasser PH,Desruennes E,et al.Surgical approach to segment I for malligant tumors of the liver.Surg Gyn Obstet,1992,175:17-24
[4] Barrett D,Fong Y,Blumgart L, et al.Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver:technique and results.Br J Surg, 1996,83:1076-81
[5] Yamamoto J,Kosuge T,Shimada K, et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolated resection of the caudate lobe of the liver. World J Surg,1999,23:97-101
[6] Sarmiento JM,Que FG, Nagorney DM.Surgical outcomes of isolated caudate lobe resection: a single series of 19 patients.Surgery,2002,132: 697-708
[7] Lu CL, Wu JC,Chiang JH,et al.Hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe:early diagnosis and active treatment may result in long-term survival.J Gastroenterol Hepatol,1997;12:144-8
[8] 何振平，蔡景修，王傲川，等．尾状叶肝癌切除一例报道．中华外科杂志，1990，28：627
[9] 张文智，刘永雄，罗英，等．肝尾叶肿瘤的外科治疗．中华肝胆外科杂志，1998，4：6-7
[10] 彭淑牖，牟一平，彭承宏，等．肝尾状叶切除术26例报告．中华外科杂志，1999，37：12-3
[11] 樊嘉，吴志全，汤钊猷，等．全尾状叶切除治疗肝尾状叶肿瘤．中华肝胆外科杂志，1999，5：29-30
[12] Heloury Y,Leborgne J,Robert JM,et al.The caudate lobe of the liver.Surg Radiol Anat,1988,10:83-91
[13] Couinaud C.Surgical anatomy of the liver revistied. Paris Maugein, 1989,34:123-4.
[14] Kogure K, Kuwano H,Fujimaki N, et al.Relation among portal segmentation, proper hepatic vein, and external notch of the caudate lobe in the human liver. Ann Surg,2000, 231(2):223-8
[15] Healey JE,Schory PC.Anatomy of the biliary ducts within the human liver.Arch Surg,1953, 66: 599-616
[16] Kumon M.Anatomy of the caudate lobe with special reference to portal vein and bile duct. Acta Hepatol Jpn,1985,26:1193-9
[17] 李加起．肝后下腔静脉前间隙的解剖及临床应用进展．中国现代普外科进展，2005，8(3)132-4
[18] Toshio J Satol,Ichiro Hirail,Gen Murakamil.An anatomical study of short hepatic veins,with special reference to delineation of the caudate lobe for hanging maneuver of the liver without the usual mobilization. Clin Anat, 2001, 14: 200-2
[19] Hirai I,Murakami G,Kimura W,et al.How should we treat short hepatic veins and paracaval branches in anterior hepatectomy using the hanging maneuver without mobilization of the liver.Clin Anat, 2003,16:224-32
[20] Sato TJ,Hirai I,Murakami G, et al.An anatomical study of short hepatic veins with special reference to delineation of the caudate lobe for hanging maneuver of the liver without the usual mobilization.J Hepatobiliary Pancrent surg,2002,9:55-9
[21] Camargo AM,Teixeira GG,Ortale J R.Anatomy of the ostia venae hepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.J Anat,1996,188 (1):59-64
[22] 叶启发，文志向，沙波，等．40例成人尸体肝解剖及临床应用探讨．中国现代普通外科进展，1998，1(1)：48-9
[23] Chang RW,Shanquan S,Yen WW.An applied anatomical study of the ostia venae hepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.J Anat,1989,164:41-7
[24] Ger R.Surgical anatomy of hepatic venous system.Clin Anat,1998,1:15
[25] Kwon DH,Murakami G,Wang HJ,et al.Configuration along the ventral margin of the paracaval portion of the human caudate lobe. Clin Anat,2002, 15:325-36
[26] Kitagawa S, Murakami G,Hata F,et al.Configuration of the right portion of the caudate lobe with special reference to the identification of its right margin.Clin Anat,2000,13:321-40
[27] Cheng YF,Huang TL, Chen CL, et al.Anatomic dissociation between the intrahepatic bile duct and portal vein: risk factors for left hepatectomy. World J Surg,1997,21:297-300
[28] Kamiya J,Nimura Y,Hayakawa N,et al.Preoperative cholangiography of the caudate lobe: surgical anatomy and staging for biliary carcinoma.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,1994,4:385-9
[29] Shinohara Y.Demonstration of caudate lobe bile ducts using 3D-CT cholangiography.Jpn J Assoc Surg,1995,96: 88-96
[30] Furukawa H,Sano K, Kosuge T,et al.Analysis of biliary drainage in the caudate lobe of the liver:comparison of three-dimensional CT cholangiography and rotating cine cholangiography. Radiology, 1997,204: 113-7
[31] Redaelli CA,Wagner M,Krahenbuhl L, et al.Liver surgery in the era of tissue-preserving resections:early and late outcome in patients with primary and secondary hepatic tumors. World J Surg,2002,26: 1126-32
[32] Kanematsu T, Takenaka K, Matsumata T, et al.Limited hepatic resection effective for selected cirrhotic patients with primary liver cancer.Ann Surg,1984,199:51-6
[33] Yoshida Y, Kanematsu T, Matsumata T, et al.Surgical margin and recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients withcirrhosis: further evaluation of limited hepatic resection. Ann. Surg, 1989,209: 297-301
[34] Stoker J,Romijn MG, de Man RA,et al.Prospective comparative study of spiral computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Gut,2002,51:105
[35] Regimbeau JM,Kinmanesh R,Farges O,et al.Extent of liver resection influences the outcome in patients with cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery,2002,131:311-7
[36] Yamamoto J,Kosuge T,Shimada K, et al.Anterior transhepatic approach for isolates resection of the caudate lobe of the liver. World J Surg,1999,23(1):97-101
[37] Belghiti J,Guevara OA,Noun R,et al.Liver hanging maneuver :a safe approach to right hepatectomy without liver mobilization .J Am Coll Surg,2001,193 (1): 109-11
[38] 彭淑牖，曹利平，李江涛，等．肝后隧道的建立与绕肝带的使用在高难度肝切除术中的作用．中华医学杂志，2003，83(19)：1644-7
[39] Kokudo N,Sugawara Y,Imamura H,et al.Sling suspension of the liver in donor operation: a gradual tape repositioning technique. Transplantation,2003,76(5):803-7
[40] 黄志强．单独肝尾状叶全切除术．消化外科，2002，1(1)：62-65