全国性股份制商业银行的效率研究
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摘要
首先,本文回顾并对比分析了国内外的相关文献,从而引出本文研究的对象:商业银行的X效率。针对商业银行的X效率做了介绍并对比了研究X效率两种方法的优劣。
随后,本文运用随机前沿方法(stochastic frontier approach,SFA)建立模型,并通过程序frontier4.1,以我国12家全国性股份制商业银行(银行性质以2005年为准)为研究样本,对其1998—2005年间的X效率做了实证分析。在测算X效率的过程中将“不良贷款率”这一指标引入实证模型,得到2001—2005年12家全国性股份制商业银行的X效率,并和引入不良贷款率之前2001—2005年的X效率进行了对比。研究发现,是否引入“不良贷款率”,各商业银行的X效率值都逐年上升。引入不良贷款率后,各商业银行的X效率值均出现下降,但是贷款质量对新近完成股份制改革的三家商业银行(中国建设银行、中国银行和中国工商银行)的影响更为显著。原有9家股份制商业银行的平均X效率要高于新近完成股份制改革的三家商业银行。
在此分析的基础上,以2001—2005年引入不良贷款率后的12家全国性股份制商业银行为研究样本,建立了相应的面板数据模型,借助计量经济软件Eviews6.0对影响其X效率的微观因素作了实证分析。结果表明,产权结构、员工素质与X效率显著负相关,权益资本/总资产、利息收入/总营业收入与X效率显著正相关。
最后,根据以上的分析,本文得出提高全国性股份制商业银行X效率的建议:继续积极推进多元化的产权结构改革,强化商业银行风险管理机制,改变传统主要利润来源,大力发展中间业务以及加强人力资源管理。
Fist of all,many relevant literature are reviewed and compared to introduce the theme which is the X efficiency of commercial banks of China.
Then the X-efficiency is introduced thoroughly and the pros and cons of the two methods of studying the X efficiency are compared.
Sebquently, SFA(stochastic frontier approach) and the frontier4.1 are adopted to do the empirical analysis on 12 national joint-stock commercial banks(the nature of bank is decided in 2005) in China in the years 1998-2005.In the empirical analysis,fistly all the X efficiencies of 12 national joint-stock commercial banks from the year 1998 to 2005 are measured .Then the NPL ratio is induced to the mdel and all the X efficiencies from the year 2001 to 2005 are measured.After that, the differences of the X efficiencies of the two groups are compared. There are three main conclusions.Firstly the X efficiencies of all the banks have rised with or without introducing the NPL ratio.Second,the X efficiencies of all the banks have dropped after introducing the NPL ratio,but the X efficiencies of the three joint-stock commercial banks have dropped more than the others.Besides,the average X efficiencies of the others are higher than the three banks.
With eviews6.0, the muple regression analysis are done on the data of the 12 banks introducing the NPL ratio to measuring the four influencing fators.It concludes that the structure of proper rights and quality of staff are posive correlations,equity capital/total assets and interest revenue/total revenue are nagitive correlations.
In the end, four suggestions are proposed to improve the X efficiencies of the national joint-stock commercial banks.First,continue to promote diversification of the structure of property rights.Second,strengthen the banks’risk management mechanism.Third,develop the intermediate business vigorously.At last,change the traditional main source of profit and strengthen the human resource management.
随后,本文运用随机前沿方法(stochastic frontier approach,SFA)建立模型,并通过程序frontier4.1,以我国12家全国性股份制商业银行(银行性质以2005年为准)为研究样本,对其1998—2005年间的X效率做了实证分析。在测算X效率的过程中将“不良贷款率”这一指标引入实证模型,得到2001—2005年12家全国性股份制商业银行的X效率,并和引入不良贷款率之前2001—2005年的X效率进行了对比。研究发现,是否引入“不良贷款率”,各商业银行的X效率值都逐年上升。引入不良贷款率后,各商业银行的X效率值均出现下降,但是贷款质量对新近完成股份制改革的三家商业银行(中国建设银行、中国银行和中国工商银行)的影响更为显著。原有9家股份制商业银行的平均X效率要高于新近完成股份制改革的三家商业银行。
在此分析的基础上,以2001—2005年引入不良贷款率后的12家全国性股份制商业银行为研究样本,建立了相应的面板数据模型,借助计量经济软件Eviews6.0对影响其X效率的微观因素作了实证分析。结果表明,产权结构、员工素质与X效率显著负相关,权益资本/总资产、利息收入/总营业收入与X效率显著正相关。
最后,根据以上的分析,本文得出提高全国性股份制商业银行X效率的建议:继续积极推进多元化的产权结构改革,强化商业银行风险管理机制,改变传统主要利润来源,大力发展中间业务以及加强人力资源管理。
Fist of all,many relevant literature are reviewed and compared to introduce the theme which is the X efficiency of commercial banks of China.
Then the X-efficiency is introduced thoroughly and the pros and cons of the two methods of studying the X efficiency are compared.
Sebquently, SFA(stochastic frontier approach) and the frontier4.1 are adopted to do the empirical analysis on 12 national joint-stock commercial banks(the nature of bank is decided in 2005) in China in the years 1998-2005.In the empirical analysis,fistly all the X efficiencies of 12 national joint-stock commercial banks from the year 1998 to 2005 are measured .Then the NPL ratio is induced to the mdel and all the X efficiencies from the year 2001 to 2005 are measured.After that, the differences of the X efficiencies of the two groups are compared. There are three main conclusions.Firstly the X efficiencies of all the banks have rised with or without introducing the NPL ratio.Second,the X efficiencies of all the banks have dropped after introducing the NPL ratio,but the X efficiencies of the three joint-stock commercial banks have dropped more than the others.Besides,the average X efficiencies of the others are higher than the three banks.
With eviews6.0, the muple regression analysis are done on the data of the 12 banks introducing the NPL ratio to measuring the four influencing fators.It concludes that the structure of proper rights and quality of staff are posive correlations,equity capital/total assets and interest revenue/total revenue are nagitive correlations.
In the end, four suggestions are proposed to improve the X efficiencies of the national joint-stock commercial banks.First,continue to promote diversification of the structure of property rights.Second,strengthen the banks’risk management mechanism.Third,develop the intermediate business vigorously.At last,change the traditional main source of profit and strengthen the human resource management.
引文
①参见胡颖、李文军,商业银行效率研究述评[J],南方金融,2005(6):18-21
①参见张健华,国外商业银行效率研究的最新进展及对我国的启示[J],国际金融研究,2003(5):22-27
①参见张超、顾峰、邸强,国外银行效率测度及其影响因素研究[J],外国经济与管理,2005(4):50-57
①参见萨缪尔森,经济学,中国发展出版社,1992:45
②参见胡代光、高鸿业,西方经济学大辞典,经济科学出版社,2000:106
③参见赵旭、周军民,国有商业银行效率的实证分析[J],华南金融研究,2001(1):22-23
①参见刘小怡,X效率一般理论,武汉大学出版社,1998
②参见Bauer P W, Hancock D. the efficiency of the Federal Reserve in providing check processing services. Journal of Banking and Finance[J], 1993, 17(2-3):287-311
③参见Berger A N,Merster L J.in the black box:what explain differences in the efficiencies of financial institutions?[J]journal of banking and finance,1997,21(7):895-947
①本文中关于非参数方法的介绍主要参见魏权龄,数据包络分析,科学出版社,2004
①本章中关于成本函数的设定及变量的选择主要参考了钱蓁,中国商业银行的效率研究—SFA方法分析[J],南京社会科学,2003(1):41-46.并作了改进.
①参见丁俊,对我国地方性商业银行效率的国内比较分析[J],金融论坛,2001(7):19-23
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①参见张健华,国外商业银行效率研究的最新进展及对我国的启示[J],国际金融研究,2003(5):22-27
①参见张超、顾峰、邸强,国外银行效率测度及其影响因素研究[J],外国经济与管理,2005(4):50-57
①参见萨缪尔森,经济学,中国发展出版社,1992:45
②参见胡代光、高鸿业,西方经济学大辞典,经济科学出版社,2000:106
③参见赵旭、周军民,国有商业银行效率的实证分析[J],华南金融研究,2001(1):22-23
①参见刘小怡,X效率一般理论,武汉大学出版社,1998
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③参见Berger A N,Merster L J.in the black box:what explain differences in the efficiencies of financial institutions?[J]journal of banking and finance,1997,21(7):895-947
①本文中关于非参数方法的介绍主要参见魏权龄,数据包络分析,科学出版社,2004
①本章中关于成本函数的设定及变量的选择主要参考了钱蓁,中国商业银行的效率研究—SFA方法分析[J],南京社会科学,2003(1):41-46.并作了改进.
①参见丁俊,对我国地方性商业银行效率的国内比较分析[J],金融论坛,2001(7):19-23
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