中国西门塔尔牛开放核心群育种效果分析
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摘要
本研究采用7个国家级种畜场1980～2000年间的数据对中
国西门塔尔牛21年来的育种效果进行分析。除计算主要性状的
遗传参数外，还对其育种值进行估计，并分析变化趋势；所有性
状均采用动物模型并利用MT—DFREML（多性状非求导REML）
软件进行分析。所分析的性状有：305天产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋
白率、18月龄体重、18月龄日增重以及体型评分，其各自的遗
传力分别为0.35、0.2、0.21、0.31、0.29、0.18；近交系数在0～
0.013之间；产奶量群体平均育种值呈上升趋势，乳脂率变化并
不大，体重和体型评分则呈下降趋势。
结果表明，采用开放核心群育种体系能有效控制群体近交系
数。同时，经过20多年的选育，中国西门塔尔牛在乳用性能上
有较大程度的提高，且乳脂率也能保持在3.7％左右。在今后的
育种过程中，在保证较高乳用性能的同时，还要加强对肉用性能
的选择，以突出中国西门塔尔牛乳肉兼用的品种特性。
Datacontalning l8495 records of 7928 bomals) of Chinese
Sinunental were collected from 7 livestock breeding bos at national
level to evalwte the breeding effect of Chinse Shaental over 20
years. Besides evalwting the genetic paramaters, we also evaluate the
PBV(Predicted Breeding Value) of the four main traitS and analysis
their trends. Inbreeding coefficients were also analyZed in this study
The traits anaiyzed were 305-day milk yteld, ndlk fat percentage, milk
protein percentage, body weigh at l8 months, chly gain at l8 months
and score of body tyPe. Their heritabilities are 0.35, 0.2, 0.2l, 0.3l,
0.29 and 0. 18 resPectively The mean PBV of 305-day Inilk yield kept
going uP, ndlk fat percentage has no obvious fluchation, body weigh
and body tyPe score Presellted a going down trCnd.
The resultS indicate that. it can cofibol the coefficient of inbreeding
effechvely using ONBS and a lot of propess have been made on
Chinse Striental ndlk yield trait, and tha, the ndlk fat percentage is
about 3.7%. More attention should be paid to body weight of Chinese
Sinunental, improving the meat performance as well as ndth yteld
performance in the fufor.
国西门塔尔牛21年来的育种效果进行分析。除计算主要性状的
遗传参数外，还对其育种值进行估计，并分析变化趋势；所有性
状均采用动物模型并利用MT—DFREML（多性状非求导REML）
软件进行分析。所分析的性状有：305天产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋
白率、18月龄体重、18月龄日增重以及体型评分，其各自的遗
传力分别为0.35、0.2、0.21、0.31、0.29、0.18；近交系数在0～
0.013之间；产奶量群体平均育种值呈上升趋势，乳脂率变化并
不大，体重和体型评分则呈下降趋势。
结果表明，采用开放核心群育种体系能有效控制群体近交系
数。同时，经过20多年的选育，中国西门塔尔牛在乳用性能上
有较大程度的提高，且乳脂率也能保持在3.7％左右。在今后的
育种过程中，在保证较高乳用性能的同时，还要加强对肉用性能
的选择，以突出中国西门塔尔牛乳肉兼用的品种特性。
Datacontalning l8495 records of 7928 bomals) of Chinese
Sinunental were collected from 7 livestock breeding bos at national
level to evalwte the breeding effect of Chinse Shaental over 20
years. Besides evalwting the genetic paramaters, we also evaluate the
PBV(Predicted Breeding Value) of the four main traitS and analysis
their trends. Inbreeding coefficients were also analyZed in this study
The traits anaiyzed were 305-day milk yteld, ndlk fat percentage, milk
protein percentage, body weigh at l8 months, chly gain at l8 months
and score of body tyPe. Their heritabilities are 0.35, 0.2, 0.2l, 0.3l,
0.29 and 0. 18 resPectively The mean PBV of 305-day Inilk yield kept
going uP, ndlk fat percentage has no obvious fluchation, body weigh
and body tyPe score Presellted a going down trCnd.
The resultS indicate that. it can cofibol the coefficient of inbreeding
effechvely using ONBS and a lot of propess have been made on
Chinse Striental ndlk yield trait, and tha, the ndlk fat percentage is
about 3.7%. More attention should be paid to body weight of Chinese
Sinunental, improving the meat performance as well as ndth yteld
performance in the fufor.
引文
1． 许尚忠，陈幼春．中国西门塔尔牛选育方法及其决策探讨．《中国西门 塔尔牛》．1993． 3，11-18
2． 盛志廉，陈瑶生．数量遗传学．科学出版社
3． 吴仲贤．统计遗传学．1979，科学出版社
4． 盛志廉．试论遗传参数的估测．动物遗传育种研究．1995，哈尔滨工程 大学出版社
5． 盛志廉．提高遗传力估计的准确性．动物遗传育种研究．1995，哈尔滨 工程大学出版社
6． 张志武，许尚忠．中国西门塔尔牛育种策略探析．《中国西门塔尔牛育 种进展》1991． 358-360
7． 郭平仲． 《数量遗传学分析》修订版．首都师范大学出版社
8． 郭平仲． 《群体遗传学导论》农业出版社
9． 许尚忠，王雅春．利用核心育种单元强化奶牛育种改进． 《中国西门塔 尔牛育种进展》1991． 354-357
10． 张沅．1989． 《动物育种原理与方法》．北京农业大学
11． 张沅．1999． 中国菏斯坦牛MOET育种体系的建立与实施． 《中国动物遗 传育种研究进展》．第十次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会论文集．
12． 陈幼春，许尚忠．高产西门塔尔牛在我国的培育及优势利用课题总结报 告．中国西门塔尔牛育种进展，1991，中国农业科技出版社
13． 王立贤．中国美利奴羊MOET核心群优化育种规划的研究．博士学位论 文
14． 张沅，张勤．畜禽育种中的线性模型．北京农业大学出版社
15． 张沅，2000． 家畜育种规划．中国农业大学出版社
16． 储明星，师守堃．奶牛体型线性评定及其应用．中国农业科技出版社
17． 张军．遗传模型分析方法．中国农业出版社
18． 韩广文，1998． 黑龙江省荷斯坦牛主要经济性状的遗传统计分析
19． 刘剑锋，1996． 北京地区荷斯坦牛产奶性状和繁殖性状的遗传统计分析
20． 肖永祚．西门塔尔牛育种中的特性与发展．中国西门塔尔牛．第一期．11-
19
21． 杨运清，缪尧源．动物生长曲线拟合方法的探讨．畜牧兽医学报，1992， 23(3) ,219-224
22． 张显华等．中国西门塔尔牛草原型生长模型拟合．中国畜牧杂志，1997， 33(5) ，31-32
23． 李秀元等．用复合函数测定牛累积生长曲线的探讨．中国畜牧杂志， 1997，33(1) 44-45
24． 张勤．产犊季节的划分及其对估计育种值准确性的影响．畜牧兽医学 报，1994，25(1) ，41-46
25． 刘荣志．奶牛遗传能力及其成绩检测方法的演变．中国奶牛，1996，第 6期，49-51
26． 邹益中，李勇欣，章岩．出生胎次对奶牛产奶性能的影响的研究．中国 奶牛，1991，第6期，52-53
27． 张勤，张沅，刘增廷．北京市荷斯坦奶牛头胎产奶量的遗传统计分析． 北京农业大学学报，1995，21(4)
28． 陈梅轩，李增森．奶牛产奶量校正系数的研究．中国奶牛，1993，第2 期，52-53
29． 张勤．家畜育种值和遗传参数估计方法的发展及现状．国外畜牧学--草 食家畜，1990，6(1)
30． 唐臻钦，洪广田．公畜模型和动物模型的评述和比较．中国奶牛，1993， 第4期，24-26
31． 周铁茅．畜禽育种值估计模型的形成和发展．遗传，1988，1O(3) ，46-48
32． 张沅．中国奶牛育种目标中性状边际效应计算方法的研究．中国畜牧杂 志，1992，第4期，7-10
33． 唐臻钦．北京市公牛遗传评定的现状与发展．中国奶牛，1993，第6期， 23-24
34． 张胜利等．遗传参数不同估计方法的比较．遗传，1995，第6期，21-23
35． 孙少华等．最小二乘法在分析和校正影响奶牛产奶量因素上的应用研究．
中国奶牛，1995，第2期，27-28
36． 李洪业．奶牛场育种数据管理系统的研制．中国农业大学硕士论文，1999
37． 江更旺．应用测定日模型对奶牛产奶性能进行遗传评定的研究．中国农 业大学硕士论文，1998
38． 胡子平等．泌乳母牛305天奶量估计方法的初步研究．中国畜牧杂志， 1985，第3期，6-9
39． 刘文忠．安哥拉山羊主要性状的遗传分析与选种方法研究．中国农业 大学博士论文，2001
40． D.S.Falconer, T.F.C.Mackay. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics( Fourth Edition)
41． R. A. Mrode, Linear Models for the Prediction of Animal Breeding Values
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43． Janet A. roden . 1994． Review of the theory of open nucleus breeding systems. Animal Breeding Abstracts. 1994． Vol.62． No.3 151-157
44． Henryk Antoni Jasiorowski, 1990． Open nucleus breeding schemes-New challenge for the developing countries, Animal science papers and reports. Proceedings of the FAO conference on open nucleus breeding systems, Poland, June 11-19,1989
45． Hodges Jone 1990． Genetic improvement of livestock in developing countries usingthe open nucleus breeding scheme. Animal science papers and reports. Proceedings of the FAO conference on open nucleus breeding systems, Poland, June 11-19,1989
46． G. Renand, F. Menissier, J. Sapa and J.Gaillard. Conventional breeding schemes for beef production in France. New selection schemes in cattle: nucleus programmes. 36-51
47． John Ruane, 1988． Review of the use of embryo transfer in the genetic improvement of dairy cattle. Animal Breeding Abstracts.
1988 Vol.56 No. 6 437-445
48． C.Smith. Genetic improvement of livestock,using nucleus breeding units. World Animal Review.65
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2． 盛志廉，陈瑶生．数量遗传学．科学出版社
3． 吴仲贤．统计遗传学．1979，科学出版社
4． 盛志廉．试论遗传参数的估测．动物遗传育种研究．1995，哈尔滨工程 大学出版社
5． 盛志廉．提高遗传力估计的准确性．动物遗传育种研究．1995，哈尔滨 工程大学出版社
6． 张志武，许尚忠．中国西门塔尔牛育种策略探析．《中国西门塔尔牛育 种进展》1991． 358-360
7． 郭平仲． 《数量遗传学分析》修订版．首都师范大学出版社
8． 郭平仲． 《群体遗传学导论》农业出版社
9． 许尚忠，王雅春．利用核心育种单元强化奶牛育种改进． 《中国西门塔 尔牛育种进展》1991． 354-357
10． 张沅．1989． 《动物育种原理与方法》．北京农业大学
11． 张沅．1999． 中国菏斯坦牛MOET育种体系的建立与实施． 《中国动物遗 传育种研究进展》．第十次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会论文集．
12． 陈幼春，许尚忠．高产西门塔尔牛在我国的培育及优势利用课题总结报 告．中国西门塔尔牛育种进展，1991，中国农业科技出版社
13． 王立贤．中国美利奴羊MOET核心群优化育种规划的研究．博士学位论 文
14． 张沅，张勤．畜禽育种中的线性模型．北京农业大学出版社
15． 张沅，2000． 家畜育种规划．中国农业大学出版社
16． 储明星，师守堃．奶牛体型线性评定及其应用．中国农业科技出版社
17． 张军．遗传模型分析方法．中国农业出版社
18． 韩广文，1998． 黑龙江省荷斯坦牛主要经济性状的遗传统计分析
19． 刘剑锋，1996． 北京地区荷斯坦牛产奶性状和繁殖性状的遗传统计分析
20． 肖永祚．西门塔尔牛育种中的特性与发展．中国西门塔尔牛．第一期．11-
19
21． 杨运清，缪尧源．动物生长曲线拟合方法的探讨．畜牧兽医学报，1992， 23(3) ,219-224
22． 张显华等．中国西门塔尔牛草原型生长模型拟合．中国畜牧杂志，1997， 33(5) ，31-32
23． 李秀元等．用复合函数测定牛累积生长曲线的探讨．中国畜牧杂志， 1997，33(1) 44-45
24． 张勤．产犊季节的划分及其对估计育种值准确性的影响．畜牧兽医学 报，1994，25(1) ，41-46
25． 刘荣志．奶牛遗传能力及其成绩检测方法的演变．中国奶牛，1996，第 6期，49-51
26． 邹益中，李勇欣，章岩．出生胎次对奶牛产奶性能的影响的研究．中国 奶牛，1991，第6期，52-53
27． 张勤，张沅，刘增廷．北京市荷斯坦奶牛头胎产奶量的遗传统计分析． 北京农业大学学报，1995，21(4)
28． 陈梅轩，李增森．奶牛产奶量校正系数的研究．中国奶牛，1993，第2 期，52-53
29． 张勤．家畜育种值和遗传参数估计方法的发展及现状．国外畜牧学--草 食家畜，1990，6(1)
30． 唐臻钦，洪广田．公畜模型和动物模型的评述和比较．中国奶牛，1993， 第4期，24-26
31． 周铁茅．畜禽育种值估计模型的形成和发展．遗传，1988，1O(3) ，46-48
32． 张沅．中国奶牛育种目标中性状边际效应计算方法的研究．中国畜牧杂 志，1992，第4期，7-10
33． 唐臻钦．北京市公牛遗传评定的现状与发展．中国奶牛，1993，第6期， 23-24
34． 张胜利等．遗传参数不同估计方法的比较．遗传，1995，第6期，21-23
35． 孙少华等．最小二乘法在分析和校正影响奶牛产奶量因素上的应用研究．
中国奶牛，1995，第2期，27-28
36． 李洪业．奶牛场育种数据管理系统的研制．中国农业大学硕士论文，1999
37． 江更旺．应用测定日模型对奶牛产奶性能进行遗传评定的研究．中国农 业大学硕士论文，1998
38． 胡子平等．泌乳母牛305天奶量估计方法的初步研究．中国畜牧杂志， 1985，第3期，6-9
39． 刘文忠．安哥拉山羊主要性状的遗传分析与选种方法研究．中国农业 大学博士论文，2001
40． D.S.Falconer, T.F.C.Mackay. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics( Fourth Edition)
41． R. A. Mrode, Linear Models for the Prediction of Animal Breeding Values
42． James, J. W. 1977． Open nucleus breeding systems. Animal Production 24, 287-235
43． Janet A. roden . 1994． Review of the theory of open nucleus breeding systems. Animal Breeding Abstracts. 1994． Vol.62． No.3 151-157
44． Henryk Antoni Jasiorowski, 1990． Open nucleus breeding schemes-New challenge for the developing countries, Animal science papers and reports. Proceedings of the FAO conference on open nucleus breeding systems, Poland, June 11-19,1989
45． Hodges Jone 1990． Genetic improvement of livestock in developing countries usingthe open nucleus breeding scheme. Animal science papers and reports. Proceedings of the FAO conference on open nucleus breeding systems, Poland, June 11-19,1989
46． G. Renand, F. Menissier, J. Sapa and J.Gaillard. Conventional breeding schemes for beef production in France. New selection schemes in cattle: nucleus programmes. 36-51
47． John Ruane, 1988． Review of the use of embryo transfer in the genetic improvement of dairy cattle. Animal Breeding Abstracts.
1988 Vol.56 No. 6 437-445
48． C.Smith. Genetic improvement of livestock,using nucleus breeding units. World Animal Review.65
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