藜芦与西洋参“相反”配伍关系的实验研究
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摘要
目的:探索西洋参与藜芦配伍是否存在“相反”的配伍关系。
方法:①采用传统水煎法和酸煎醇提法提取藜芦与西洋参受试药液。②采用改良寇氏法考察了藜芦、西洋参以及藜芦配西洋参1:1组(简称配伍组)的急性毒性。③采用分光光度法测定其对小鼠血清肝肾功(GPT、BUN)的影响。④采用颈动脉直接测压法结合生物信号记录系统考察其对大鼠血压、心电、呼吸的影响。⑤采用半固体糊精法考察二者对小鼠胃排空、小肠推进的影响。⑥采用家鸽实验观测其对家鸽诱发呕吐的影响。
结果:①传统水煎法提取的藜芦、西洋参及其配伍组均未能测出LD_(50);而酸煎醇提法提取的藜芦组测得LD_(50)可信限为6.4±1.1g/kg,配伍组的LD_(50)为7.2±1.3g/kg。②藜芦组、配伍组均能显著升高小鼠血清GPT和BUN含量(P＜0.05),二者之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05):而西洋参组对小鼠GPT、BUN则无明显影响(P＞0.05)。③藜芦组、配伍组均能极显著诱发家鸽呕吐(P＜0.01),且二者之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);空白组与西洋参组对家鸽未呈现催吐作用(P＞0.05)。④藜芦组、配伍组均能极显著抑制小鼠胃排空和抑制小肠推进(P＜0.01),且二者之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);而西洋参对胃肠动力无明显影响(P＞0.05)。⑤藜芦组、配伍组在给药后30分钟至90分钟时对正常麻醉大鼠的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及平均压(MP)均有降低的趋势;而西洋参组有增加大鼠呼吸频率、升高呼吸幅度趋势;藜芦组、配伍组也有升高大鼠呼吸幅度的趋势,但均无统计学意义。于给药后45分钟至90分钟段,与空白组比较,配伍组能显著增加心率(P＜0.05);给药后60分钟至90分钟段,藜芦组能显著增快心率(P＜0.05);给药后75分钟至90分钟段,西洋参组能显著增快心率(P＜0.05)。各给药组对正常麻醉大鼠心电生理均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。
结论:①酸煎醇提单味藜芦、西洋参与藜芦1:1配伍均呈现较明显的急性毒性,并导致肝肾功障碍,也能抑制胃肠运动,还能催吐。②单味藜芦与西洋参配藜芦组比较,各实验数据无显著性差异,表明配伍西洋参后,并未增加藜芦毒性,也未降低其催吐效应。③而西洋参未呈现明显毒性,对小鼠肝肾功、胃肠运动均无显著影响,也未引起呕吐;但能增加呼吸频率。各给药组均能显著加快心率。
初步提示:西洋参与藜芦配伍并未增毒,即未呈现“相反”的配伍关系,故将其纳入“十八反”配伍禁忌的依据还不充分,尚待深入探索。
Objective:To explore whether there is contrary relation between west ginseng and hellebore.
Method:①using the following two methods to prepare west ginseng and hellebore test medicine liquids:traditional water-boiled method and acetic acid-boiled/alcohol-extracted method;②using improved Koushi method to obtain acute toxicity of hellebore,west ginseng and cooperative(1:1) groups;③using spectrophotometry to investigate the impact on mouse serum liver/kidney functions(GPT/BUN);④measuring carotid blood pressure directly combined with biological signal recording system to investigate the impact on blood pressure,cardiogram and respiratory of rats;⑤using semi-solid dextrin method to investigate the impact on gastric emptying and small intestine promotion motion on mice;⑥investigating the impact on vomiting pigeons.
Results:①LD_(50) of said three groups are not obtained by traditional water-boiled method.LD_(50) of hellebore group is 6.4±1.1g/kg.LD_(50) of west ginseng/hellebore 1:1 cooperative group is 7.2±1.3g/kg.There is no significant difference(P＞0.05) between them.②GPT/BUN levels can be significantly increased(P＜0.05) in hellebore group and cooperative group.There is no significant difference(P＞0.05) between them.GPT/BUN is not significantly changed(P＞0.05) in west ginseng group.③Pigeons vomit extremely significantly(P＜0.01) in hellebore group and cooperative group.No significant difference(P＞0.05) between them.④Gastric emptying motion and small intestine promotion motion are inhibited extremely significantly(P＜0.01) in hellebore group and cooperative group.No significant difference(P＞0.05) between them.West ginseng has no significant effect(P＞0.05) on gastrointestinal motion.⑤30-90min after administration,SBP, DBP and MP are reduced in hellebore group and cooperative group. Respiratory rate and amplitude are increased in west ginseng group, hellebore group and cooperative group.45-90min after administration,cooperative group can significantly increase heart rate(P＜0.05).60-90min,hellebore group can significantly increase heart rate(P＜0.05).75-90min,west ginseng group can significantly increase heart rate(P＜0.05).No significant impact (P＞0.05) on normal cardiac electrophysiology.
Conclusion:①Obvious acute toxicity represents in medicine liquid via acetic acid-boiled/alcohol-extracted method.②there is not obvious difference(P＞0.05) between hellebore group and cooperative group.③There is not significant toxicity on liver/kidney function and gastrointestinal motion by west ginseng. It does not cause vomiting,but increases respiratory rate and heart rate.Each group can increases heart rate.
It is indicated that toxicity is not incrased in cooperative group, that is,no contrary relation represented between west ginseng and hellebore.It still needs to explore whether or not the relation of them belongs to Shibafan.
方法:①采用传统水煎法和酸煎醇提法提取藜芦与西洋参受试药液。②采用改良寇氏法考察了藜芦、西洋参以及藜芦配西洋参1:1组(简称配伍组)的急性毒性。③采用分光光度法测定其对小鼠血清肝肾功(GPT、BUN)的影响。④采用颈动脉直接测压法结合生物信号记录系统考察其对大鼠血压、心电、呼吸的影响。⑤采用半固体糊精法考察二者对小鼠胃排空、小肠推进的影响。⑥采用家鸽实验观测其对家鸽诱发呕吐的影响。
结果:①传统水煎法提取的藜芦、西洋参及其配伍组均未能测出LD_(50);而酸煎醇提法提取的藜芦组测得LD_(50)可信限为6.4±1.1g/kg,配伍组的LD_(50)为7.2±1.3g/kg。②藜芦组、配伍组均能显著升高小鼠血清GPT和BUN含量(P＜0.05),二者之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05):而西洋参组对小鼠GPT、BUN则无明显影响(P＞0.05)。③藜芦组、配伍组均能极显著诱发家鸽呕吐(P＜0.01),且二者之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);空白组与西洋参组对家鸽未呈现催吐作用(P＞0.05)。④藜芦组、配伍组均能极显著抑制小鼠胃排空和抑制小肠推进(P＜0.01),且二者之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);而西洋参对胃肠动力无明显影响(P＞0.05)。⑤藜芦组、配伍组在给药后30分钟至90分钟时对正常麻醉大鼠的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及平均压(MP)均有降低的趋势;而西洋参组有增加大鼠呼吸频率、升高呼吸幅度趋势;藜芦组、配伍组也有升高大鼠呼吸幅度的趋势,但均无统计学意义。于给药后45分钟至90分钟段,与空白组比较,配伍组能显著增加心率(P＜0.05);给药后60分钟至90分钟段,藜芦组能显著增快心率(P＜0.05);给药后75分钟至90分钟段,西洋参组能显著增快心率(P＜0.05)。各给药组对正常麻醉大鼠心电生理均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。
结论:①酸煎醇提单味藜芦、西洋参与藜芦1:1配伍均呈现较明显的急性毒性,并导致肝肾功障碍,也能抑制胃肠运动,还能催吐。②单味藜芦与西洋参配藜芦组比较,各实验数据无显著性差异,表明配伍西洋参后,并未增加藜芦毒性,也未降低其催吐效应。③而西洋参未呈现明显毒性,对小鼠肝肾功、胃肠运动均无显著影响,也未引起呕吐;但能增加呼吸频率。各给药组均能显著加快心率。
初步提示:西洋参与藜芦配伍并未增毒,即未呈现“相反”的配伍关系,故将其纳入“十八反”配伍禁忌的依据还不充分,尚待深入探索。
Objective:To explore whether there is contrary relation between west ginseng and hellebore.
Method:①using the following two methods to prepare west ginseng and hellebore test medicine liquids:traditional water-boiled method and acetic acid-boiled/alcohol-extracted method;②using improved Koushi method to obtain acute toxicity of hellebore,west ginseng and cooperative(1:1) groups;③using spectrophotometry to investigate the impact on mouse serum liver/kidney functions(GPT/BUN);④measuring carotid blood pressure directly combined with biological signal recording system to investigate the impact on blood pressure,cardiogram and respiratory of rats;⑤using semi-solid dextrin method to investigate the impact on gastric emptying and small intestine promotion motion on mice;⑥investigating the impact on vomiting pigeons.
Results:①LD_(50) of said three groups are not obtained by traditional water-boiled method.LD_(50) of hellebore group is 6.4±1.1g/kg.LD_(50) of west ginseng/hellebore 1:1 cooperative group is 7.2±1.3g/kg.There is no significant difference(P＞0.05) between them.②GPT/BUN levels can be significantly increased(P＜0.05) in hellebore group and cooperative group.There is no significant difference(P＞0.05) between them.GPT/BUN is not significantly changed(P＞0.05) in west ginseng group.③Pigeons vomit extremely significantly(P＜0.01) in hellebore group and cooperative group.No significant difference(P＞0.05) between them.④Gastric emptying motion and small intestine promotion motion are inhibited extremely significantly(P＜0.01) in hellebore group and cooperative group.No significant difference(P＞0.05) between them.West ginseng has no significant effect(P＞0.05) on gastrointestinal motion.⑤30-90min after administration,SBP, DBP and MP are reduced in hellebore group and cooperative group. Respiratory rate and amplitude are increased in west ginseng group, hellebore group and cooperative group.45-90min after administration,cooperative group can significantly increase heart rate(P＜0.05).60-90min,hellebore group can significantly increase heart rate(P＜0.05).75-90min,west ginseng group can significantly increase heart rate(P＜0.05).No significant impact (P＞0.05) on normal cardiac electrophysiology.
Conclusion:①Obvious acute toxicity represents in medicine liquid via acetic acid-boiled/alcohol-extracted method.②there is not obvious difference(P＞0.05) between hellebore group and cooperative group.③There is not significant toxicity on liver/kidney function and gastrointestinal motion by west ginseng. It does not cause vomiting,but increases respiratory rate and heart rate.Each group can increases heart rate.
It is indicated that toxicity is not incrased in cooperative group, that is,no contrary relation represented between west ginseng and hellebore.It still needs to explore whether or not the relation of them belongs to Shibafan.
引文
[1]韩崇山.浅谈中药“十八反”[J].卫生职业教育,2005,23(16):76-77
[2]林通国.中药十八反之研究[J].成都中医学院学报,1981;(3):59
[3]徐国钧.中药辞海(第四卷)[M],中国医药科技出版社,1998:8-13
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部药政管理局.现代实用本草(上册)[M],人民卫生出版社,1997:335
[5]刘源,陈馥馨,高晓山.中药十八研究[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1991:290
[6]代培良,崔凤云.浅谈十八反[J].时珍国医国药 2004(15,2):113
[7]韩崇山.浅谈中药“十八反”[J].卫生职业教育 2005(23,16):77
[8]高昌琨.浅议中药“十八反”[J].中医药研究 2000.2.16(1):6
[9]赵守训.现代本草纲目(上卷)[M],中国医药科技出版社,1997:993
[10]王家葵,沈映君.十八反质疑.药性理论与临床[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(3):177
[11]刘源,高晓山.明清以来129家医案中十八反的临床应用[J].中医杂志,1989;(9)
[12]黄文权,程相岭,肖鸿,等.中药十八反中部分禁忌中药的毒理实验研究[J].成都中医药大学学报,2001,1(24):45-46
[13]赵树清,载新荣.西洋参研究进展[J].广东药学,2005,15(6):63-64
[14]陈莉莉,崔宁.西洋参化学成分研究进展[J].时珍国药,2002,13(10):632-633
[15]李岩,马秀俐,曲绍春,等.西洋参多糖5-2的分离、性质和活性研究[J].中国药学杂志,1998,33(8):494-496.
[16]马秀俐,郝春艳丽,李耀先,等.西洋参多糖PPQI21-4理化性质的研究[J].药学学报,1994,34(12):946-948.
[17]吴锦忠,林如辉,叶国维,等.人参属四种植物中糖类含量比较[J].贵阳医学院学报,1991,16(2):184-186.
[18]马秀俐,白玉,白孙允,等.西洋参多糖(PPQ-d)的原子力显微镜观察[J].吉林大学自 然科学学报,2000,1(1):105-106.
[19]陈军辉,谢明勇,杨妙峰,等.西洋参多糖及总皂苷中无机元素的ICP/MS法测定[J].微量元素与健康研究,2005,(2):42-43.
[21]陈奇.中药药理研究方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1994,233-433.
[22]张再康,白建乐,韩晓,等.连苏止呕胶囊对化疗呕吐家鸽胃肠激素和神经递质的影响.中国药理学通报,2003,19(5):585-587
[23邢建峰,封卫毅,侯家玉小鼠胃排空及小肠推进实验方法的探讨[J]
[24]王本祥.新编中药学辞典.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1996,1363-1364.
[25]侯士良.中药八百种详解.郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1999,1046-1048.
[26]肖培根.新编中药志.北京:化学工业出版社,2002,1036-1042.
[27]FranCis J,Crthley D,Dourish CT,et al.Comparisons between the effects of 5-HT and dL-fenfluramine on food intake and gastric emptying in the rat.Pharmacal Biochem Bacal,1995,(50):551-585
[28]武云,田徽,吴晖晖,等.生远志与蜜远志对小鼠胃肠运动的影响.中国医学研究与临床,2004,9(17):5-7
[29]王承党.胃肠激素对胃运动和排空的调节作用.国外医学消化系病分册,1995,15(2):77-80
[30]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.药理实验方法学,第三版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005,941-944
[31]李同琴,郭秋红,田志芬,等.党参反藜芦的动物实验研究[J]。陕西中医,2003,23(8):744-745
[32]李伟,杨铭,王清,等.藜芦碱降压作用的实验研究[J].中华现代医学杂志.2006,2(4):292-296
[2]林通国.中药十八反之研究[J].成都中医学院学报,1981;(3):59
[3]徐国钧.中药辞海(第四卷)[M],中国医药科技出版社,1998:8-13
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部药政管理局.现代实用本草(上册)[M],人民卫生出版社,1997:335
[5]刘源,陈馥馨,高晓山.中药十八研究[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1991:290
[6]代培良,崔凤云.浅谈十八反[J].时珍国医国药 2004(15,2):113
[7]韩崇山.浅谈中药“十八反”[J].卫生职业教育 2005(23,16):77
[8]高昌琨.浅议中药“十八反”[J].中医药研究 2000.2.16(1):6
[9]赵守训.现代本草纲目(上卷)[M],中国医药科技出版社,1997:993
[10]王家葵,沈映君.十八反质疑.药性理论与临床[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(3):177
[11]刘源,高晓山.明清以来129家医案中十八反的临床应用[J].中医杂志,1989;(9)
[12]黄文权,程相岭,肖鸿,等.中药十八反中部分禁忌中药的毒理实验研究[J].成都中医药大学学报,2001,1(24):45-46
[13]赵树清,载新荣.西洋参研究进展[J].广东药学,2005,15(6):63-64
[14]陈莉莉,崔宁.西洋参化学成分研究进展[J].时珍国药,2002,13(10):632-633
[15]李岩,马秀俐,曲绍春,等.西洋参多糖5-2的分离、性质和活性研究[J].中国药学杂志,1998,33(8):494-496.
[16]马秀俐,郝春艳丽,李耀先,等.西洋参多糖PPQI21-4理化性质的研究[J].药学学报,1994,34(12):946-948.
[17]吴锦忠,林如辉,叶国维,等.人参属四种植物中糖类含量比较[J].贵阳医学院学报,1991,16(2):184-186.
[18]马秀俐,白玉,白孙允,等.西洋参多糖(PPQ-d)的原子力显微镜观察[J].吉林大学自 然科学学报,2000,1(1):105-106.
[19]陈军辉,谢明勇,杨妙峰,等.西洋参多糖及总皂苷中无机元素的ICP/MS法测定[J].微量元素与健康研究,2005,(2):42-43.
[21]陈奇.中药药理研究方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1994,233-433.
[22]张再康,白建乐,韩晓,等.连苏止呕胶囊对化疗呕吐家鸽胃肠激素和神经递质的影响.中国药理学通报,2003,19(5):585-587
[23邢建峰,封卫毅,侯家玉小鼠胃排空及小肠推进实验方法的探讨[J]
[24]王本祥.新编中药学辞典.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1996,1363-1364.
[25]侯士良.中药八百种详解.郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1999,1046-1048.
[26]肖培根.新编中药志.北京:化学工业出版社,2002,1036-1042.
[27]FranCis J,Crthley D,Dourish CT,et al.Comparisons between the effects of 5-HT and dL-fenfluramine on food intake and gastric emptying in the rat.Pharmacal Biochem Bacal,1995,(50):551-585
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