锥束X射线工业CT物理平台设计
|
摘要
工业用计算机断层扫描技术,简称ICT (Industrial Computed Tomography),是一种无损检测技术,能够在不破坏物体结构的情况下重建物体特定层面的二维或三维图像,具有直观、准确的特点,被称为当代工业领域最佳的无损检测手段。CT技术最初于1917年由Randon J提出来的,直到20世纪70年代中后期才开始大量应用于工业无损检测领域,并随着计算机技术和探测器技术的进步而迅速发展,目前已经成为一种实用化的无损检测手段,广泛应用于航空、航天、航海、核能、军事、石油、机械、海关及考古等多个领域,检测对象多种多样,包括火箭发动机、核燃料、导弹、石油岩心、精密铸件和锻件、集装箱和化石等。
本文主要介绍了工业CT的技术原理及发展路线,对工业CT的各个组成系统进行了详细的分析,并在前人研究的基础上完成了对工业CT物理平台中的X射线源系统、数控系统和探测器系统的搭建工作并结合实际实现了工业CT平台的物理布局及防护设计,主要包括以下研究工作：
(1)分析了现今主要的低能X射线源系统,结合课题需要,有针对性的对所需的X射线源系统参数进行了设定,最终对X射线源系统各组成设备进行了选型。
(2)结合课题开发目标,针对被测物为64mm以下的铝球,对数控系统中的多轴控制器、微型机、电机及伺服驱动器等进行了选型,初步搭建了数控系统。
(3)运用MCNP软件模拟了CsI (T1)晶体在不同条件下的粒子探测效率能量沉积率及有效沉积因子,同时模拟了在不同种类外包反射材料包裹下,一定长度晶体的能量沉积率,根据模拟结果,选择了最佳的外包反射材料；实验模拟的耦合剂对光电二极管响应的影响；最后,分析了闪烁体光电二极管阵列探测器的输出缺陷,并给出其校正原理和最终校正流程图。
(4)对主机房、铅房的平面布局以及通风、电气管道、水管道、高压接地装置等进行了设计,并根据设计结果结合实际需求进行了屏蔽计算。
Industrial Computed Tomography (ICT) Scanning Techniques is a kind of nondestructive testing technology, that can rebuild the two-dimensional or three-dimensional images for a certain level of object structure without breaking the object structure. It has the characteristics of intuitive and accurate, and had been known as the best means of nondestructive testing to the contemporary industry. CT technology was raised in1917by Randon J, it had been widely used in the field of industrial nondestructive testing until in the late1970s,and got the rapid development with the advances in computer technology and detector technology.Nowadays, CT has become a practical means of nondestructive testing, has been widely used in the aviation, the spaceflight, the navigation, the nuclear power, the military, the petroleum, the machinery, the customs, the archeology and the other fields, detection object is varied, including the rocket engine oil, the nuclear, the missile, the core, the precision castings, the forgings, the container, the fossils, etc.
This article mainly introduced the technology principle and development route of industrial computed tomography (ICT),conducted a detailed analysis of the various components of ICT system, and had finished the preliminary design of the ICT physical platform, include the X-ray source system, the CNC system and the detector system on the basis of previous studies, mainly done the following research work.
(1) Analysed of the current major low-energy X-ray source,and made pointed references to set the parameters of X-ray source system to meet the needs of subject, and selected the partial equipment of the X ray source system in the end.
(2) In allusion to the analyte that is a aluminum ball which the diameter is lesser than64mm,we had selected the each partial equipment of CNC system, such as the Multi-axis Controller, the Microcomputer, the Electrical Machiner,the Servo Drive, and so on.
(3) The Csl (TI) crystal of the energy particle deposition rate, the Grain rate of energy deposition and the energy deposition factor effectively which are in different conditions are had been simulated by the MCNP software and had simulated the energy deposition rate when the crystal wraped up different outsourcing reflection material,choose the best outsourcing reflective material. Experimental simulation of the coupling agent effect of the responses of a photodiode. Finally, the paper analyzes the scintillator photodiode array detector output defects, and its correction principle and the final correction flowchart had been given.
(4) The layout plans of the primary machine room and the lead room,and the Ventilation,the electric pipe,the water pipe.the high voltage grounding device had been designed,and had taken the shielding calculation.
本文主要介绍了工业CT的技术原理及发展路线,对工业CT的各个组成系统进行了详细的分析,并在前人研究的基础上完成了对工业CT物理平台中的X射线源系统、数控系统和探测器系统的搭建工作并结合实际实现了工业CT平台的物理布局及防护设计,主要包括以下研究工作：
(1)分析了现今主要的低能X射线源系统,结合课题需要,有针对性的对所需的X射线源系统参数进行了设定,最终对X射线源系统各组成设备进行了选型。
(2)结合课题开发目标,针对被测物为64mm以下的铝球,对数控系统中的多轴控制器、微型机、电机及伺服驱动器等进行了选型,初步搭建了数控系统。
(3)运用MCNP软件模拟了CsI (T1)晶体在不同条件下的粒子探测效率能量沉积率及有效沉积因子,同时模拟了在不同种类外包反射材料包裹下,一定长度晶体的能量沉积率,根据模拟结果,选择了最佳的外包反射材料；实验模拟的耦合剂对光电二极管响应的影响；最后,分析了闪烁体光电二极管阵列探测器的输出缺陷,并给出其校正原理和最终校正流程图。
(4)对主机房、铅房的平面布局以及通风、电气管道、水管道、高压接地装置等进行了设计,并根据设计结果结合实际需求进行了屏蔽计算。
Industrial Computed Tomography (ICT) Scanning Techniques is a kind of nondestructive testing technology, that can rebuild the two-dimensional or three-dimensional images for a certain level of object structure without breaking the object structure. It has the characteristics of intuitive and accurate, and had been known as the best means of nondestructive testing to the contemporary industry. CT technology was raised in1917by Randon J, it had been widely used in the field of industrial nondestructive testing until in the late1970s,and got the rapid development with the advances in computer technology and detector technology.Nowadays, CT has become a practical means of nondestructive testing, has been widely used in the aviation, the spaceflight, the navigation, the nuclear power, the military, the petroleum, the machinery, the customs, the archeology and the other fields, detection object is varied, including the rocket engine oil, the nuclear, the missile, the core, the precision castings, the forgings, the container, the fossils, etc.
This article mainly introduced the technology principle and development route of industrial computed tomography (ICT),conducted a detailed analysis of the various components of ICT system, and had finished the preliminary design of the ICT physical platform, include the X-ray source system, the CNC system and the detector system on the basis of previous studies, mainly done the following research work.
(1) Analysed of the current major low-energy X-ray source,and made pointed references to set the parameters of X-ray source system to meet the needs of subject, and selected the partial equipment of the X ray source system in the end.
(2) In allusion to the analyte that is a aluminum ball which the diameter is lesser than64mm,we had selected the each partial equipment of CNC system, such as the Multi-axis Controller, the Microcomputer, the Electrical Machiner,the Servo Drive, and so on.
(3) The Csl (TI) crystal of the energy particle deposition rate, the Grain rate of energy deposition and the energy deposition factor effectively which are in different conditions are had been simulated by the MCNP software and had simulated the energy deposition rate when the crystal wraped up different outsourcing reflection material,choose the best outsourcing reflective material. Experimental simulation of the coupling agent effect of the responses of a photodiode. Finally, the paper analyzes the scintillator photodiode array detector output defects, and its correction principle and the final correction flowchart had been given.
(4) The layout plans of the primary machine room and the lead room,and the Ventilation,the electric pipe,the water pipe.the high voltage grounding device had been designed,and had taken the shielding calculation.
引文
…刘丰林,程森林,王钰.工业CT技术[J].现代制造工程.2003(5),89-90.
[2]张朝宗,郭志平,张朋,王贤刚.工业CT技术和原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[3]金虎,吴东流,任华友.机械扫描系统对工业CT系统空间分辨率的影响[J].无损检测.2004,26(3)：113-115.
[4]中国机械工程学会无损检测分会编.射线检测[M].北京：机械工业出版社.1997,4.
[5]庄天戈.CT原理和算法[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,1992.
[6]孙灵霞,叶云长.5工业CT技术特点及应用实例[J].核电子学与探测技术.2006,26(4)486-488.
[7]强玉俊,蒋大真,盛康龙.工业CT研究进展[J].核物理动态.1994,4(4)：64-66.
[8]先武,李时光.工业CT技术[J].无损检测.1996,18(2)：57-60.
[9]Jiang Hsieh.Compute tomography:Principle,Dseign,Artifacts and Recent Advances[M]北京：科学出版社,2006：1-71.
[10]吴治华,齐卉荃等.原子核物理实验方法[M].北京：原子能院出版社.1997,6.
[11]吴维容.CT高压发生器控制系统设计与实现[硕士论文].辽宁：东北大学.2006.
[12]中国机械工程学会无损检测分会编.射线检测[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2004,3.
[13]刘丽,刘红霞.5工业CT扫描台高加速运动控制研究[J].郑州航空工业管理学报(社会科学版).2004,23(3)：120-121.
[14]卢艳平,王钰,喻洪麟等.工业CT三维图像处理与分析系统[J].仪器仪表学报.2009,30(2)：444-448.
[15]马鑫.低能X射线探测与成像新系统[硕士论文].重庆：重庆大学.2007.
[16]倪培军,王存龙,李旭东.工业CT技术[J].无损检测.1996(3)：84-87.
[17]叶云长.计算机层析成像检测[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006-1：48.
[18]周密.工业X-CT用新型X射线探测器性能的模拟研究[硕士论文].重庆：重庆大学.2004.
[19]李培俊.无机闪烁晶体及应用[J].无机材料学报.1993,8(4)：385-397.
[20]汪婧,陈伯显,庄人遴.无机闪烁探测器综述[J].核电子学与探测技术.2006,26(6)1039-1045.
[21]李瑞龙,张永春,李琦.无机闪烁晶体碘化钠Nal(T1)的现状与发展趋势[J].新材料产业.2007(9)：68-71.
[22]石家伟,顾以藩,何景棠,蒋崇义,宋传信.关于无机闪烁晶体的若干资料[J].物理.1987,16(07)：432-434.
[23]李荣华Monte Carlo方法及原理.北京：科学出版社.1985.
[24]斐鹿成,张孝泽.蒙托卡罗方法及其在粒子输运问题中的应用.北京：科学出版社.1980.
[25]许淑燕.蒙托卡罗方法在实验核物理中的应用.北京：原子能出版社.1995.
[26]朱冬梅,丁蓉,周洪楠.实验物理学中的Monte Carlo方法[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版).1998,21(4)：36—40.
[27]曹军生,刘以农,倪建平.康普顿背散射成像的蒙特卡罗模拟[J].核电子学与探测技术.2003,23(2)：155—158.
[28]陈教泽.工业CT光电二极管探测器特性研究[硕士论文].重庆：重庆大学.2011.
[29]周正干,滕升华,江巍等.X射线平版探测器数字成像及其图像校准[J].北京航天大学学报,2004,30(8)：698-701.
[30]张定华,黄魁东,程云勇.锥束CT技术及其应用[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社.2010.
[31]张定华,RuoalNing,卜昆,毛海鹏.体积CT系统中的平板探测器校止方法[J].仪器仪表学报.2005,2.
[32]Kenneth R,Cast leman. Digital Image Processing. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1998
[33]路宏年,郑兆瑞.信号与测试系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社出版,1988.
[34]赵瑾,朱煜,梁诚等.数字X射线图像的面不同一性校正研究[J].光子学报,2002,31(10)：1244-1247.
[35]刘晓鹏.锥束工业CT图像校正研究[硕士论文].陕西：西北工业大学.2006.
[36]张丰收,崔凤奎,王晓强,张定华.平板探测器坏像素校正方法研究[J].现代制造工程,2005,10：71-74.
[37]李德平,潘自强.辐射防护手册[M].北京：原子能出版社,1991.
[38]中华人民共和国国家标准.放射卫生防护基本标准.GB4192-84,1984.
[39]中华人民共和国国家标准.电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准.GB18871-2002,2002.
[40]徐希杰,吕坤祥.含金属聚合材料屏蔽Y射线效果的测定[B].中国辐射卫生.20013：23-24.
[41]Mahmoud H M,Armia E.Attenuation and Scattering of Gamma ray through Andesite and Felsite[J].J radiat Res Radiat Process,2001.Vol.28,No.7.
[42]白兰,周仲华,张虎元等.污染土的电阻率特征分析[J].环境工程,2008,4(2)：66-69.
[2]张朝宗,郭志平,张朋,王贤刚.工业CT技术和原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[3]金虎,吴东流,任华友.机械扫描系统对工业CT系统空间分辨率的影响[J].无损检测.2004,26(3)：113-115.
[4]中国机械工程学会无损检测分会编.射线检测[M].北京：机械工业出版社.1997,4.
[5]庄天戈.CT原理和算法[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,1992.
[6]孙灵霞,叶云长.5工业CT技术特点及应用实例[J].核电子学与探测技术.2006,26(4)486-488.
[7]强玉俊,蒋大真,盛康龙.工业CT研究进展[J].核物理动态.1994,4(4)：64-66.
[8]先武,李时光.工业CT技术[J].无损检测.1996,18(2)：57-60.
[9]Jiang Hsieh.Compute tomography:Principle,Dseign,Artifacts and Recent Advances[M]北京：科学出版社,2006：1-71.
[10]吴治华,齐卉荃等.原子核物理实验方法[M].北京：原子能院出版社.1997,6.
[11]吴维容.CT高压发生器控制系统设计与实现[硕士论文].辽宁：东北大学.2006.
[12]中国机械工程学会无损检测分会编.射线检测[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2004,3.
[13]刘丽,刘红霞.5工业CT扫描台高加速运动控制研究[J].郑州航空工业管理学报(社会科学版).2004,23(3)：120-121.
[14]卢艳平,王钰,喻洪麟等.工业CT三维图像处理与分析系统[J].仪器仪表学报.2009,30(2)：444-448.
[15]马鑫.低能X射线探测与成像新系统[硕士论文].重庆：重庆大学.2007.
[16]倪培军,王存龙,李旭东.工业CT技术[J].无损检测.1996(3)：84-87.
[17]叶云长.计算机层析成像检测[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006-1：48.
[18]周密.工业X-CT用新型X射线探测器性能的模拟研究[硕士论文].重庆：重庆大学.2004.
[19]李培俊.无机闪烁晶体及应用[J].无机材料学报.1993,8(4)：385-397.
[20]汪婧,陈伯显,庄人遴.无机闪烁探测器综述[J].核电子学与探测技术.2006,26(6)1039-1045.
[21]李瑞龙,张永春,李琦.无机闪烁晶体碘化钠Nal(T1)的现状与发展趋势[J].新材料产业.2007(9)：68-71.
[22]石家伟,顾以藩,何景棠,蒋崇义,宋传信.关于无机闪烁晶体的若干资料[J].物理.1987,16(07)：432-434.
[23]李荣华Monte Carlo方法及原理.北京：科学出版社.1985.
[24]斐鹿成,张孝泽.蒙托卡罗方法及其在粒子输运问题中的应用.北京：科学出版社.1980.
[25]许淑燕.蒙托卡罗方法在实验核物理中的应用.北京：原子能出版社.1995.
[26]朱冬梅,丁蓉,周洪楠.实验物理学中的Monte Carlo方法[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版).1998,21(4)：36—40.
[27]曹军生,刘以农,倪建平.康普顿背散射成像的蒙特卡罗模拟[J].核电子学与探测技术.2003,23(2)：155—158.
[28]陈教泽.工业CT光电二极管探测器特性研究[硕士论文].重庆：重庆大学.2011.
[29]周正干,滕升华,江巍等.X射线平版探测器数字成像及其图像校准[J].北京航天大学学报,2004,30(8)：698-701.
[30]张定华,黄魁东,程云勇.锥束CT技术及其应用[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社.2010.
[31]张定华,RuoalNing,卜昆,毛海鹏.体积CT系统中的平板探测器校止方法[J].仪器仪表学报.2005,2.
[32]Kenneth R,Cast leman. Digital Image Processing. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1998
[33]路宏年,郑兆瑞.信号与测试系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社出版,1988.
[34]赵瑾,朱煜,梁诚等.数字X射线图像的面不同一性校正研究[J].光子学报,2002,31(10)：1244-1247.
[35]刘晓鹏.锥束工业CT图像校正研究[硕士论文].陕西：西北工业大学.2006.
[36]张丰收,崔凤奎,王晓强,张定华.平板探测器坏像素校正方法研究[J].现代制造工程,2005,10：71-74.
[37]李德平,潘自强.辐射防护手册[M].北京：原子能出版社,1991.
[38]中华人民共和国国家标准.放射卫生防护基本标准.GB4192-84,1984.
[39]中华人民共和国国家标准.电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准.GB18871-2002,2002.
[40]徐希杰,吕坤祥.含金属聚合材料屏蔽Y射线效果的测定[B].中国辐射卫生.20013：23-24.
[41]Mahmoud H M,Armia E.Attenuation and Scattering of Gamma ray through Andesite and Felsite[J].J radiat Res Radiat Process,2001.Vol.28,No.7.
[42]白兰,周仲华,张虎元等.污染土的电阻率特征分析[J].环境工程,2008,4(2)：66-69.