小鼠围着床期子宫中精氨酸琥珀酸合成酶1的表达调节和功能
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摘要
精氨酸琥珀酸合成酶(Argininosuccinate synthetase1, Ass1)能够催化瓜氨酸(L-Citrulline)和天冬氨酸(L-Aspartate)形成精氨琥珀酸,然后在精氨琥珀酸裂解酶(Argininosuccinate lyase, Asl)的作用下,生成精氨酸(L-Arginine)和延胡索酸。由于Asl的表达量恒定,因此Assl是生成精氨酸的限速酶。本实验利用原位杂交和Real-time PCR检测了Assl和Asl在围着床期小鼠子宫中的表达,并利用假孕和人工诱导蜕膜化等模型研究了Ass1的表达及其调节,同时检测了在妊娠D4和D8小鼠子宫内膜和血液中的精氨酸含量。在体外细胞培养中,探讨了cAMP对Ass1的调节机制,以及Assl和精氨酸水平对小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞增殖和蜕膜化的影响。利用Ass1特异性抑制剂MDLA,我们研究了Ass1在胚胎着床及蜕膜化中的作用。
在小鼠早期妊娠(D1-D4)的子宫中,Ass1和Asl没有表达；在妊娠第5天,Ass1和Asl均在着床位点处的基质细胞中表达。随着蜕膜化的进行(D5-D8),Ass1和Asl的表达从初级蜕膜区逐渐扩展到次级蜕膜区。在人工诱导蜕膜化组织中,均可检测到Ass1和Asl表达。但在假孕和延迟着床的小鼠子宫中检测不到信号,延迟着床被激活后；Assl和Asl主要定位于着床位点环绕胚胎的基质细胞中,说明Ass1和Asl的表达受胚胎调节。对妊娠D4小鼠的子宫内膜和D8的着床点子宫内膜组织以及血清分析发现,在妊娠D8天的着床点子宫和血清中精氨酸的量均增加。
体外培养的子宫内膜基质细胞中,cAMP通过激活PKA信号通路,Creb蛋白磷酸化后可结合到Ass1启动子的Cre结合元件区,调控Ass1的转录水平,进而调节精氨酸的水平。干涉Creb后,能明显下调Ass1和蜕膜化标志分子Dtprp的表达。干涉Ass1或者使用Ass1的抑制剂MDLA也能明显下调Dtprp的表达。过表达Ass1和Asl可以上调Dtprp的表达。使用Ass1的产物精氨酸处理基质细胞时,低浓度的精氨酸对Ass1、As1、Dtprp和细胞增殖没有影响,高浓度的精氨酸可抑制Ass1和Asl表达水平,但显著促进Dtprp的表达,并且明显促进细胞增殖。从妊娠D4到D6注射Ass1的特异性抑制剂MDLA,能显著抑制蜕膜化。
这些结果表明,Ass1在体内和体外小鼠基质细胞蜕膜化过程中均有表达,在基质细胞的增殖和蜕膜化过程中发挥重要作用。cAMP通过PKA激酶调节Ass1的表达水平。精氨酸水平在蜕膜组织中升高,高浓度的精氨酸促进基质细胞的增殖和蜕膜化,但通过负反馈机制抑制Ass1和Asl的表达,从而维持体内精氨酸的平衡状态。
Assl (argininosuccinate synthetase1) is the key enzyme which converts L-Citrulline and L-Aspartate to argininosuccinic acid, which is catalyzed the breakdown to arginine and fumarate by argininosuccinate lyase (Asl). Owing to consistent expression of Asl, Assl is a recognized rate-limiting step in arginine synthesis. This study was to examine the expression, regulation and function of Assl and Asl in mouse endometrium during peri-implantation period.
Assl and Asl are not detected in mouse preimplantation uteri from days1to4. Both Ass1and Asl are expressed in stromal cells at the implantation sites on day5of pregnancy, and their expression is then spread to the secondly decidua from primary decidua with the progress of decidualization from days5to8. Both Ass1and Asl are co-localized in the deciduoma under artificial decidualization, but are not detected in pseudopregnant uterui. Assl and As1are induced in implantation site uterus when delayed implantation is activated. Hence, embryos may regulate the expression of Assl and Asl. Compared with endomitrium and serum on day4, L-Arg level is higher in endomitrium and serum on day8.
cAMP activates PKA and induces Creb phosphorylation, which translocates into nucleus and transcriptionally regulates Assl expression and L-Arg production. Creb knockdown can significantly decrease the expression of Assl and Dtprp (a decidualization marker) mRNA level. Assl knockdown or MDLA (Assl inhibitor) also decreases Dtprp mRNA level. Overexpression of Ass1and Asl can upregulate Dtprp mRNA level. When stromal cells are treated with L-Arg, L-Arg in low concentration has no effect on the expression of Ass1, Asl and Dtprp mRNA level and proliferation of stromal cells, and L-Arg in high concentration inhibits the expression of Ass1, Asl and Dtprp, as well as the proliferation of stromal cells. When pregnant mice are treated with MDLA from days4to6, decidualization is significantly inhibited.
In conclusion, Assl is strongly expressed in mouse stromal cells during decidualization in vivo and in vitro and may play a key role in proliferation and decidualization. cAMP regulates Assl expression via PKA. L-Arg in high concentration is beneficial for stromal cells proliferation and decidualization. On the other hand, L-Arg in high concentration inhibits Assl and Asl expression by negative feedback to maintain L-Arg homeostasis.
在小鼠早期妊娠(D1-D4)的子宫中,Ass1和Asl没有表达；在妊娠第5天,Ass1和Asl均在着床位点处的基质细胞中表达。随着蜕膜化的进行(D5-D8),Ass1和Asl的表达从初级蜕膜区逐渐扩展到次级蜕膜区。在人工诱导蜕膜化组织中,均可检测到Ass1和Asl表达。但在假孕和延迟着床的小鼠子宫中检测不到信号,延迟着床被激活后；Assl和Asl主要定位于着床位点环绕胚胎的基质细胞中,说明Ass1和Asl的表达受胚胎调节。对妊娠D4小鼠的子宫内膜和D8的着床点子宫内膜组织以及血清分析发现,在妊娠D8天的着床点子宫和血清中精氨酸的量均增加。
体外培养的子宫内膜基质细胞中,cAMP通过激活PKA信号通路,Creb蛋白磷酸化后可结合到Ass1启动子的Cre结合元件区,调控Ass1的转录水平,进而调节精氨酸的水平。干涉Creb后,能明显下调Ass1和蜕膜化标志分子Dtprp的表达。干涉Ass1或者使用Ass1的抑制剂MDLA也能明显下调Dtprp的表达。过表达Ass1和Asl可以上调Dtprp的表达。使用Ass1的产物精氨酸处理基质细胞时,低浓度的精氨酸对Ass1、As1、Dtprp和细胞增殖没有影响,高浓度的精氨酸可抑制Ass1和Asl表达水平,但显著促进Dtprp的表达,并且明显促进细胞增殖。从妊娠D4到D6注射Ass1的特异性抑制剂MDLA,能显著抑制蜕膜化。
这些结果表明,Ass1在体内和体外小鼠基质细胞蜕膜化过程中均有表达,在基质细胞的增殖和蜕膜化过程中发挥重要作用。cAMP通过PKA激酶调节Ass1的表达水平。精氨酸水平在蜕膜组织中升高,高浓度的精氨酸促进基质细胞的增殖和蜕膜化,但通过负反馈机制抑制Ass1和Asl的表达,从而维持体内精氨酸的平衡状态。
Assl (argininosuccinate synthetase1) is the key enzyme which converts L-Citrulline and L-Aspartate to argininosuccinic acid, which is catalyzed the breakdown to arginine and fumarate by argininosuccinate lyase (Asl). Owing to consistent expression of Asl, Assl is a recognized rate-limiting step in arginine synthesis. This study was to examine the expression, regulation and function of Assl and Asl in mouse endometrium during peri-implantation period.
Assl and Asl are not detected in mouse preimplantation uteri from days1to4. Both Ass1and Asl are expressed in stromal cells at the implantation sites on day5of pregnancy, and their expression is then spread to the secondly decidua from primary decidua with the progress of decidualization from days5to8. Both Ass1and Asl are co-localized in the deciduoma under artificial decidualization, but are not detected in pseudopregnant uterui. Assl and As1are induced in implantation site uterus when delayed implantation is activated. Hence, embryos may regulate the expression of Assl and Asl. Compared with endomitrium and serum on day4, L-Arg level is higher in endomitrium and serum on day8.
cAMP activates PKA and induces Creb phosphorylation, which translocates into nucleus and transcriptionally regulates Assl expression and L-Arg production. Creb knockdown can significantly decrease the expression of Assl and Dtprp (a decidualization marker) mRNA level. Assl knockdown or MDLA (Assl inhibitor) also decreases Dtprp mRNA level. Overexpression of Ass1and Asl can upregulate Dtprp mRNA level. When stromal cells are treated with L-Arg, L-Arg in low concentration has no effect on the expression of Ass1, Asl and Dtprp mRNA level and proliferation of stromal cells, and L-Arg in high concentration inhibits the expression of Ass1, Asl and Dtprp, as well as the proliferation of stromal cells. When pregnant mice are treated with MDLA from days4to6, decidualization is significantly inhibited.
In conclusion, Assl is strongly expressed in mouse stromal cells during decidualization in vivo and in vitro and may play a key role in proliferation and decidualization. cAMP regulates Assl expression via PKA. L-Arg in high concentration is beneficial for stromal cells proliferation and decidualization. On the other hand, L-Arg in high concentration inhibits Assl and Asl expression by negative feedback to maintain L-Arg homeostasis.
引文
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