便携式振动信号测试系统的设计及振动信号分析
|
摘要
为了给压电发电能量回收系统的结构优化提供依据,需要了解在现实环境中压电换能结构的输入振动信号,因此设计了一个便携式振动信号测试与分析系统对南京长江大桥的振动加速度信号进行采集和分析,并将分析得出的振动位移信号作为输入对压电换能结构的能量输出和能量转换效率进行了分析。
便携式振动信号测试与分析系统分为振动信号测试终端和振动信号软件处理中心两部分。振动信号测试终端采用ICP压电加速度传感器将大桥振动的加速度信号转换为电压信号,通过信号滤波和放大电路将电压信号传输到笔记本电脑,信号传输可以采用无线数传模块通过无线的方式进行传输,也可以利用数据采集卡通过USB接口进行传输。采用虚拟仪器技术搭建信号测试平台,Labview与Matlab混合编程的方式实现对信号的频谱分析、小波变换以及信号的频域积分。
结合第一类压电方程对压电双晶片悬臂梁式换能结构的能量转换效率进行分析,将采集到的振动位移信号作为系统输入激励对换能结构的输出电能进行了分析。得出压电换能结构在不同压电片厚度和压电振子长度下,能量转换效率随着压电振子长度的增加而增加并受压电材料厚度的影响的规律,为压电换能结构的优化提供了依据。
In order to provide a reference for the structural optimization of piezoelectric energy harvester, it needs to obtain the actual vibration excitation applied to the energy transforming elements. Thus a portable vibration signal measurement and analysis system is designed to test and analyze the vibration’s acceleration signal of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. Furthermore, on the basis of the obtained vibration signal, analysis of output power of the energy harvester and the energy transforming efficiency are given.
The portable vibration signal measurement and analysis system is composed of two parts: the signal testing terminal and the vibration signal analyzing software. First of all, the signal testing terminal transforms the vibration acceleration signal into the corresponded voltage signal with the ICP piezoelectric acceleration sensor. Then the voltage signal is delivered into the computer either with the wireless module or with the USB port connected to the DAQ. Mixed programming with Labview and Matlab, the signal analyzing flat is established to give the frequency analysis, the wavelet transform and the frequency integral of the signal.
Moreover, with the piezoelectric equations, the output power could be obtained and the energy converting efficiency of the piezoelectric energy harvester is carried out. In the end, the influence of parameters of the piezoelectric energy transforming elements on the energy converting efficiency is put forward, which provides a reference for the further optimization.
便携式振动信号测试与分析系统分为振动信号测试终端和振动信号软件处理中心两部分。振动信号测试终端采用ICP压电加速度传感器将大桥振动的加速度信号转换为电压信号,通过信号滤波和放大电路将电压信号传输到笔记本电脑,信号传输可以采用无线数传模块通过无线的方式进行传输,也可以利用数据采集卡通过USB接口进行传输。采用虚拟仪器技术搭建信号测试平台,Labview与Matlab混合编程的方式实现对信号的频谱分析、小波变换以及信号的频域积分。
结合第一类压电方程对压电双晶片悬臂梁式换能结构的能量转换效率进行分析,将采集到的振动位移信号作为系统输入激励对换能结构的输出电能进行了分析。得出压电换能结构在不同压电片厚度和压电振子长度下,能量转换效率随着压电振子长度的增加而增加并受压电材料厚度的影响的规律,为压电换能结构的优化提供了依据。
In order to provide a reference for the structural optimization of piezoelectric energy harvester, it needs to obtain the actual vibration excitation applied to the energy transforming elements. Thus a portable vibration signal measurement and analysis system is designed to test and analyze the vibration’s acceleration signal of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. Furthermore, on the basis of the obtained vibration signal, analysis of output power of the energy harvester and the energy transforming efficiency are given.
The portable vibration signal measurement and analysis system is composed of two parts: the signal testing terminal and the vibration signal analyzing software. First of all, the signal testing terminal transforms the vibration acceleration signal into the corresponded voltage signal with the ICP piezoelectric acceleration sensor. Then the voltage signal is delivered into the computer either with the wireless module or with the USB port connected to the DAQ. Mixed programming with Labview and Matlab, the signal analyzing flat is established to give the frequency analysis, the wavelet transform and the frequency integral of the signal.
Moreover, with the piezoelectric equations, the output power could be obtained and the energy converting efficiency of the piezoelectric energy harvester is carried out. In the end, the influence of parameters of the piezoelectric energy transforming elements on the energy converting efficiency is put forward, which provides a reference for the further optimization.
引文
[1]李传统.新能源与可再生能源技术[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.
[2]王革华.新能源概论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[3]汤天浩.新能源与电能变换:系统集成、技术融合及应用展望[J]. The World of Power Supply,2008 (7):1~5.
[4]胡冠山,姚彦青,无线网络传感器[J].传感器世界,2006,(3):33~36.
[5]程振宇,于华滨,张琢,胡晓东.便携式振动测量系统的研制[J].仪表技术与传感器,2000:22~24.
[6]纪国宜,赵淳生.振动测试和分析技术综述[J].机械制造与自动化,2010,40(3):1~5.
[7]徐艳华,倪雁冰,杨志永,李可,赵学满.基于虚拟仪器的机械振动技术[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003,10:53~56.
[8]宋庭新,赵婕.便携式动态信号采集分析系统的研制[J].计算机测量与控制,2004,12(2):161~163.
[9] Jonathan W. Kimball, Brian T. Kuhn, Robert S. Balog. A System Design Approach for Unattended Solar Energy Harvesting Supply [J].IEEE 2009,24(4):952~960.
[10] Vijay Raghunathan, Aman Kansal, Jason Hsu, Jonathan Friedman, and Mani Srivastava. Balog. Design Considerations for Solar Energy Harvesting Wireless Embedded Systems [J]. IEEE 2005:457~462.
[11] Hyuntaek Kwon, Donggeon Noh, Junu Kim, Joonho Lee, Dongeun Lee,and Heonshik Shin.Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing [M]. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,2007.
[12] Terence O’Donnell, Wensi Wang. Ambient Intelligence with Microsystems[M]. Springer,US,2009.
[13]陆兆峰,秦旻.陈禾等.压电式加速度传感器在振动测量系统的应用研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2007,7:4.
[14]刘增强,顾立江,王太勇.ICP传感器恒流源电路设计]J].集成电路应用,2001,2:29.
[15]葛哲学,陈仲生.Matlab时频分析技术及其应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:9.
[16]李刚,林凌.Labview——易学易用的计算机图形化编程语言[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001.
[17]葛哲学,沙威.小波分析理论与MATLAB R2007实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[18]丁玉美,阔永红,高新波.数字信号处理——时域离散随即信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[19]汪江,田万军,高峰.便携式PDA振动检测分析仪设计开发[J].华东电力,2009,09:1484.
[20]林乐新,宣海军.旋转机械单通道轴振动测量仪[J].仪表技术与传感器,2009,09:26
[21]王先超,王先传.基于Labview的FFT算法的研究与实现[J].仪器仪表用户,2006,6:91~92.
[22]孙海龙,雷勇,黄晶晶.基于虚拟仪器技术的FFT分析系统设计与实现[J].电子测量技术,2006,29(5):87~89.
[23]周萍,应启戛,张燕连.基于Labview的小波分析的实现及应用[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(9):173~179.
[24]曲贵波,乔爽,张德生.小波分析的应用及其Matlab程序实现[J].交通科技与经济,2004,6:39~63.
[25]耿鹏.基于labview的小波分析平台的实现[J].电子工程,2006,3:14~20.
[26]李宁,张元培,朱立军.在labview中使用Matlab脚本节点[J].仪器仪表标准化与计量.2003,5:17~19.
[27]崔胜明,李建如.数值微分积分算法及Labview实现[J].机床与液压,2005,4:174~176.
[28]董礼,廖明夫,杨伸记.振动信号频域积分的滤波修正算法[J].机械设计与制造,2010,1:46~48.
[29]刘继承,徐庆华,查建新.用加速度传感器测量振动位移的方法[J].现代雷达,2007,29(5):69~71.
[30]徐庆华.试采用FFT方法实现加速度、速度与位移的相互转换[J].振动、测试与诊断,1997,17(4):30~34.
[31]许剑.基于Labview的多通道数据采集系统的设计,[硕士学位论文],南京:江苏科技大学,2008.
[32]庄松林.我国仪器仪表与测量控制科技的发展,自动化仪表,2009,5:1~4.
[33]张红琴.基于串行通信的虚拟仪器采集系统设计及数据管理方法研究,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2008.
[34] Haluk Külah, Khalil Najafi. Energy Scavenging From Low-Frequency Vibrations by Using Frequency Up-Conversion for Wireless Sensor Applications [J]. IEEE,2008,8(3):261-267.
[35] S.P.Beeby, M J Tudor and N M White. Energy harvesting vibration sources formicrosystems applications[J]. Measurement Science and Technology,2006(17):175-177.
[36] S.P.Beeby. Macro and Micro Scale Electromagnetic Kinetic Energy Harvesting Generators[J].DTIP of MEMS and MOEMS Stresa,Italy,26-28 April 2006.
[37]胡海岩,孙久厚,陈怀海.机械振动基础[M].北京:航空工业出版社.2002:14-41.
[38]靳洪允.压电材料的结构及其性能研究[J].陶瓷科学与艺术,2005,3:26-31.
[39]龚立娇.基于压电材料的能量采集系统[硕士论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[40]王强.基于压电材料的振动能量采集技术的研究[硕士论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[41] Shashank Priya, Rachit Taneja, RobertMyers, Rashed Islam. Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications [M]. US: Springer:373-383.
[42]孙亚飞,陈仁文,陈勇,龚海燕,陶宝祺.压电材料电荷能量回收技术研究[J].压电与声光, 2002, 01期.
[43]李彬.基于压电材料的多方向振动能量收集系统的研究[硕士论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.
[44]陈仁文,李彬.基于压电材料的多方向振动能量采集装置,国家发明专利,申请号:200810021618.0,2008.
[45]陈仁文,雷娴.一种褶皱型压电复合材料能量转换结构,国家发明专利,申请号: 200910033529.2,2009.
[2]王革华.新能源概论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[3]汤天浩.新能源与电能变换:系统集成、技术融合及应用展望[J]. The World of Power Supply,2008 (7):1~5.
[4]胡冠山,姚彦青,无线网络传感器[J].传感器世界,2006,(3):33~36.
[5]程振宇,于华滨,张琢,胡晓东.便携式振动测量系统的研制[J].仪表技术与传感器,2000:22~24.
[6]纪国宜,赵淳生.振动测试和分析技术综述[J].机械制造与自动化,2010,40(3):1~5.
[7]徐艳华,倪雁冰,杨志永,李可,赵学满.基于虚拟仪器的机械振动技术[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003,10:53~56.
[8]宋庭新,赵婕.便携式动态信号采集分析系统的研制[J].计算机测量与控制,2004,12(2):161~163.
[9] Jonathan W. Kimball, Brian T. Kuhn, Robert S. Balog. A System Design Approach for Unattended Solar Energy Harvesting Supply [J].IEEE 2009,24(4):952~960.
[10] Vijay Raghunathan, Aman Kansal, Jason Hsu, Jonathan Friedman, and Mani Srivastava. Balog. Design Considerations for Solar Energy Harvesting Wireless Embedded Systems [J]. IEEE 2005:457~462.
[11] Hyuntaek Kwon, Donggeon Noh, Junu Kim, Joonho Lee, Dongeun Lee,and Heonshik Shin.Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing [M]. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,2007.
[12] Terence O’Donnell, Wensi Wang. Ambient Intelligence with Microsystems[M]. Springer,US,2009.
[13]陆兆峰,秦旻.陈禾等.压电式加速度传感器在振动测量系统的应用研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2007,7:4.
[14]刘增强,顾立江,王太勇.ICP传感器恒流源电路设计]J].集成电路应用,2001,2:29.
[15]葛哲学,陈仲生.Matlab时频分析技术及其应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:9.
[16]李刚,林凌.Labview——易学易用的计算机图形化编程语言[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001.
[17]葛哲学,沙威.小波分析理论与MATLAB R2007实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[18]丁玉美,阔永红,高新波.数字信号处理——时域离散随即信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.
[19]汪江,田万军,高峰.便携式PDA振动检测分析仪设计开发[J].华东电力,2009,09:1484.
[20]林乐新,宣海军.旋转机械单通道轴振动测量仪[J].仪表技术与传感器,2009,09:26
[21]王先超,王先传.基于Labview的FFT算法的研究与实现[J].仪器仪表用户,2006,6:91~92.
[22]孙海龙,雷勇,黄晶晶.基于虚拟仪器技术的FFT分析系统设计与实现[J].电子测量技术,2006,29(5):87~89.
[23]周萍,应启戛,张燕连.基于Labview的小波分析的实现及应用[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(9):173~179.
[24]曲贵波,乔爽,张德生.小波分析的应用及其Matlab程序实现[J].交通科技与经济,2004,6:39~63.
[25]耿鹏.基于labview的小波分析平台的实现[J].电子工程,2006,3:14~20.
[26]李宁,张元培,朱立军.在labview中使用Matlab脚本节点[J].仪器仪表标准化与计量.2003,5:17~19.
[27]崔胜明,李建如.数值微分积分算法及Labview实现[J].机床与液压,2005,4:174~176.
[28]董礼,廖明夫,杨伸记.振动信号频域积分的滤波修正算法[J].机械设计与制造,2010,1:46~48.
[29]刘继承,徐庆华,查建新.用加速度传感器测量振动位移的方法[J].现代雷达,2007,29(5):69~71.
[30]徐庆华.试采用FFT方法实现加速度、速度与位移的相互转换[J].振动、测试与诊断,1997,17(4):30~34.
[31]许剑.基于Labview的多通道数据采集系统的设计,[硕士学位论文],南京:江苏科技大学,2008.
[32]庄松林.我国仪器仪表与测量控制科技的发展,自动化仪表,2009,5:1~4.
[33]张红琴.基于串行通信的虚拟仪器采集系统设计及数据管理方法研究,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2008.
[34] Haluk Külah, Khalil Najafi. Energy Scavenging From Low-Frequency Vibrations by Using Frequency Up-Conversion for Wireless Sensor Applications [J]. IEEE,2008,8(3):261-267.
[35] S.P.Beeby, M J Tudor and N M White. Energy harvesting vibration sources formicrosystems applications[J]. Measurement Science and Technology,2006(17):175-177.
[36] S.P.Beeby. Macro and Micro Scale Electromagnetic Kinetic Energy Harvesting Generators[J].DTIP of MEMS and MOEMS Stresa,Italy,26-28 April 2006.
[37]胡海岩,孙久厚,陈怀海.机械振动基础[M].北京:航空工业出版社.2002:14-41.
[38]靳洪允.压电材料的结构及其性能研究[J].陶瓷科学与艺术,2005,3:26-31.
[39]龚立娇.基于压电材料的能量采集系统[硕士论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[40]王强.基于压电材料的振动能量采集技术的研究[硕士论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[41] Shashank Priya, Rachit Taneja, RobertMyers, Rashed Islam. Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications [M]. US: Springer:373-383.
[42]孙亚飞,陈仁文,陈勇,龚海燕,陶宝祺.压电材料电荷能量回收技术研究[J].压电与声光, 2002, 01期.
[43]李彬.基于压电材料的多方向振动能量收集系统的研究[硕士论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.
[44]陈仁文,李彬.基于压电材料的多方向振动能量采集装置,国家发明专利,申请号:200810021618.0,2008.
[45]陈仁文,雷娴.一种褶皱型压电复合材料能量转换结构,国家发明专利,申请号: 200910033529.2,2009.