沧德特大桥跨石黄高速公路连续梁施工支架计算分析研究
摘要
支架模板支撑系统以其施工简便、整体性好等特点在现浇桥梁施工过程中得到广泛的应用。但是,在应用中由于对支架系统的受力状况控制不当,容易发生支架倒塌事故,造成人员伤亡,带来重大的经济损失。本文以沧德特大桥跨石黄高速公路连续梁施工支架为工程背景,建立了碗扣式支架模板支撑系统的有限元模型,对支架系统的强度、刚度和稳定性进行分析研究,并对相应的路面和地基进行了承载力检算。主要工作及研究成果如下：
1.介绍了本课题的研究背景和意义,概括了支架的应用及发展过程,总结了碗扣式支架的性能特点。
2.用ANSYS通用有限元软件对碗扣式支架系统建立空间有限元模型,对模型施加合理的边界条件,进行强度、刚度和稳定性研究分析。计算结果表明碗扣式支架、I22b工字钢分配梁、贝雷梁、2I40b工字钢横梁以及钢管柱在各种荷载作用下均满足要求。
3.对顶部开有槽口的钢管柱进行局部分析,经计算单根钢管柱的长细比小于允许值,稳定性满足要求；原设计方案单根钢管柱最大Von Mises应力大于允许应力,强度不满足要求,对其进行局部加强,改进后局部分析强度满足要求。
4.对支架系统相应条形基础、公路路面和地基的抗压强度进行计算分析,计算结果表明其均满足承载力要求。
5.对施工过程中的桥梁支架提出每跨预压和加强钢管柱局部稳定性的建议,应用到工程实际中取得了良好的成效。
The falsework system is widely used in the bridge construction with its simplicity and good performance as a whole. While the improper control of the strength status of falsework system in the application will induce the accidents of falsework collapse and the personnel casualty, which brings a large amount of economic loss. Taking the construction scaffold of continuous beam for the Cangde Bridge acrossing the ShiHuang expressway as the engineering background, the finite element model for support system of cuplock joint scaffold is established. The strength, stiffness and stability of the scaffold system are analysed and the load-bearing capacity of the corresponding pavement and foundation is calculated and checked.The chief achievements are as follows:
1. Briefly introduce the research background and the significance of the project, generalize the application and the developing process of the scaffold, and summarize the performance characteristic of cuplock joint scaffold.
2. General finite element software ANSYS is used to set up the space analysis model for the support system of cuplock joint scaffold, in which reasonable boundary conditions are considered, and strength, stiffness and stability of the scaffold system are analyzed. The results show that under various of loads, the cuplock joint scaffold, I22b I-steel distributive girder, bailey beam,2140b I-steel cross girder and steel-pipe column all satisfy requirements.
3. The pipe column with gap is locally analyzed. The results show that slenderness ratio less than permissible value, that is, stability meets requirements. The maximal von Mises stress of single pipe column for original design more than permissible value, strength does not meet requirements. After making the improvement, strength meets the local analysis requirements.
4. The load-bearing capacity of the corresponding strip foundation, highway pavement and foundation are calculated. The results show that all of them satisfy requirements.
5. The proposal that in the process of construction the scaffold of each span is preloaded and the local stability of pipe column is strengthened, is given, and it has achieved good results in engineering practice.
1.介绍了本课题的研究背景和意义,概括了支架的应用及发展过程,总结了碗扣式支架的性能特点。
2.用ANSYS通用有限元软件对碗扣式支架系统建立空间有限元模型,对模型施加合理的边界条件,进行强度、刚度和稳定性研究分析。计算结果表明碗扣式支架、I22b工字钢分配梁、贝雷梁、2I40b工字钢横梁以及钢管柱在各种荷载作用下均满足要求。
3.对顶部开有槽口的钢管柱进行局部分析,经计算单根钢管柱的长细比小于允许值,稳定性满足要求；原设计方案单根钢管柱最大Von Mises应力大于允许应力,强度不满足要求,对其进行局部加强,改进后局部分析强度满足要求。
4.对支架系统相应条形基础、公路路面和地基的抗压强度进行计算分析,计算结果表明其均满足承载力要求。
5.对施工过程中的桥梁支架提出每跨预压和加强钢管柱局部稳定性的建议,应用到工程实际中取得了良好的成效。
The falsework system is widely used in the bridge construction with its simplicity and good performance as a whole. While the improper control of the strength status of falsework system in the application will induce the accidents of falsework collapse and the personnel casualty, which brings a large amount of economic loss. Taking the construction scaffold of continuous beam for the Cangde Bridge acrossing the ShiHuang expressway as the engineering background, the finite element model for support system of cuplock joint scaffold is established. The strength, stiffness and stability of the scaffold system are analysed and the load-bearing capacity of the corresponding pavement and foundation is calculated and checked.The chief achievements are as follows:
1. Briefly introduce the research background and the significance of the project, generalize the application and the developing process of the scaffold, and summarize the performance characteristic of cuplock joint scaffold.
2. General finite element software ANSYS is used to set up the space analysis model for the support system of cuplock joint scaffold, in which reasonable boundary conditions are considered, and strength, stiffness and stability of the scaffold system are analyzed. The results show that under various of loads, the cuplock joint scaffold, I22b I-steel distributive girder, bailey beam,2140b I-steel cross girder and steel-pipe column all satisfy requirements.
3. The pipe column with gap is locally analyzed. The results show that slenderness ratio less than permissible value, that is, stability meets requirements. The maximal von Mises stress of single pipe column for original design more than permissible value, strength does not meet requirements. After making the improvement, strength meets the local analysis requirements.
4. The load-bearing capacity of the corresponding strip foundation, highway pavement and foundation are calculated. The results show that all of them satisfy requirements.
5. The proposal that in the process of construction the scaffold of each span is preloaded and the local stability of pipe column is strengthened, is given, and it has achieved good results in engineering practice.
引文
[1]糜嘉平.脚手架模板倒塌事故的原因及对策.建筑技术学报,2000,32(4)：260～261.
[2]梁耀峰.扣件式钢管脚手架伤亡事故案例分析及预防.建筑安全,2004,6：6～9.
[3]Halperin,Koplm,Michael.Anevaluation of scaffold safety at construction sties. Journal of safety research,2004,35(2):141-150
[4]路殿成,高山.扣件式钢管脚手架施工中的安全问题.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(4)：551～553.
[5]杜荣军.我国建筑施工脚手架发展的回顾与展望.建筑技术学报,1999,21(8)：464～467.
[6]糜嘉平.我国新型脚手架的发展动向.施工技术,1999,28(3)：1～3.
[7]潘德恩,彭瑞麟.钢管脚手架支撑结构类型及破坏模式之探讨.建筑钢结构进展,结构工程师,2002,18(4).
[8]Peng,J.L.,Pan,A.D.E,and Chen,S.L. Simplified Model for and Design of Analysis and Design of Modular Falsework.Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1999(48):189-209.
[9]王强.钢管混凝土支架力学性能试验研究：[硕士学位论文].安徽：安徽理工大学,2006年.
[10]L.B.Weesner,H. L.Jones. Experimental and analytical capacity of frame scaffolding. Engineering Structure,2001(23):595-599.
[11]赵玉章.模板与脚手架工程安全事故及防治措施.建筑技术学报,2003,34(8).
[12]杜荣军.薄壁低合金钢管杆件对脚手架稳定承载能力的影响.建筑技术.2001,32(8)：512～515.
[13]胡凯山.扣件式钢管模板支撑架结构力学性能研究：[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2007年.
[14]吴才伍,曾东.碗扣式承力架支撑在工程中的应用.建筑技术开发,2000,27(1)：50～51.
[15]孙尚田,王学洲,WJ碗扣型多功能钢管脚手架在城市立交桥工程中的应用.施工技术,2004,22：700～702.
[16]Y.L.Huang,W.F.Chen,H.J.Chen,etc.A monitoring method for scaffold frame shoring systems for elevated concrete formwork. Structures & Buildings. 2000,78:681-690.
[17]衣振华.碗扣式钢管脚手架支撑系统在桥梁施工中的应用.济南：山东大学, 2002.
[18]卢勇.东江四桥主桥连续梁临时支墩、支座的设计与施工.铁道建筑技术,2004,(4)：27～28.
[19]胡向东.悬浇箱梁“临时支撑”设计计算.水运工程,2004,6：14～22.
[20]钟定峰.现浇混凝土箱梁支架计算分析：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2005年.
[21]葛耀军.分段施工桥梁分析与控制.北京：人民交通出版社,2003.
[22]减洪敏.桥梁支架结构力学性能分析与施工组织设计：[硕士学位论文].济南：山东大学,2007.
[23]李传习,夏桂云.大跨度桥梁结构计算理论.北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[24]项海帆等.高等桥梁结构理论.北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[25]Godlley,M.H.R. and Beale,R.G.Analysis of large proprietary access scaffold structures.Structures & Buildings.2001,146(1):31-39.
[26]龙驭球等.新型有限元论.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[27]丁皓江,何福保,谢贻权,徐兴.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法.机械工业出版社,1989.
[28]朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用.北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[29]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[30]D.J.Dawe.Curved finite elements for the analysis of shallow and deep circular arches. Computer and Structure,1974,(4)
[31张朝晖等.ANSYS工程应用范例入门与提高.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[32]ANSYS随机帮助.
[33]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法.北京：机械工业出版社,1981.
[34]Molsson. Finite Element Model Coordinate Analysis of Structures Subjected to Moving Loads. Journalof Sound&Vibration,1985,99(1):1-12.
[35]陈骥.钢结构稳定理论与设计.北京：科学出版社,2001.
[36]Chan,S.L.Zhou,Z.H.Chen. Stability analysis of semi-rigid steel scaffolding. Engineering Structure,2000,17(8):568-574.
[37]刘光栋,罗汉泉.杆系结构稳定.北京：人民交通出版社,1988.
[38]Godly M.H.R,Beale R.GSway stiffness of scaffold structures. The Structural Engineer,1997,75(1):4-12.
[39]Taylor,P., Kaneko, S.and Bergman D."Buckling Stability and Secondary Stress Effects in the Deck Girders of Cable-Stayed Bridges."Cable-Stayed and Suspension Bridges,International Conference.AIPC-FIP. Deauville.1994,223-230.
[40]Mosallam,Khalid and Chen,Wai-Fah. Design considerations for formwork in multistorey concrete buildings.Eng.Struct.1990,12:163-172.
[41]中华人民共和国建设部.JGJ130-2001.建筑施工碗扣式脚手架安全技术规范.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001-07-01.
[42]敖鸿斐.双排扣件式钢管脚手架整体极限承载力研究.上海：同济大学,2000.
[43]建设部、国家质监局.GB50009-2001.建筑结构荷载规范.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002-03-01.
[44]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ041-2000.公路桥涵施工技术规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2006-01-15.
[45]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ034—2000.公路路面基层施工技术规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2000-10-01.
[46]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50007-2002.建筑地基基础设计规范.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002-04-01.
[2]梁耀峰.扣件式钢管脚手架伤亡事故案例分析及预防.建筑安全,2004,6：6～9.
[3]Halperin,Koplm,Michael.Anevaluation of scaffold safety at construction sties. Journal of safety research,2004,35(2):141-150
[4]路殿成,高山.扣件式钢管脚手架施工中的安全问题.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(4)：551～553.
[5]杜荣军.我国建筑施工脚手架发展的回顾与展望.建筑技术学报,1999,21(8)：464～467.
[6]糜嘉平.我国新型脚手架的发展动向.施工技术,1999,28(3)：1～3.
[7]潘德恩,彭瑞麟.钢管脚手架支撑结构类型及破坏模式之探讨.建筑钢结构进展,结构工程师,2002,18(4).
[8]Peng,J.L.,Pan,A.D.E,and Chen,S.L. Simplified Model for and Design of Analysis and Design of Modular Falsework.Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1999(48):189-209.
[9]王强.钢管混凝土支架力学性能试验研究：[硕士学位论文].安徽：安徽理工大学,2006年.
[10]L.B.Weesner,H. L.Jones. Experimental and analytical capacity of frame scaffolding. Engineering Structure,2001(23):595-599.
[11]赵玉章.模板与脚手架工程安全事故及防治措施.建筑技术学报,2003,34(8).
[12]杜荣军.薄壁低合金钢管杆件对脚手架稳定承载能力的影响.建筑技术.2001,32(8)：512～515.
[13]胡凯山.扣件式钢管模板支撑架结构力学性能研究：[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2007年.
[14]吴才伍,曾东.碗扣式承力架支撑在工程中的应用.建筑技术开发,2000,27(1)：50～51.
[15]孙尚田,王学洲,WJ碗扣型多功能钢管脚手架在城市立交桥工程中的应用.施工技术,2004,22：700～702.
[16]Y.L.Huang,W.F.Chen,H.J.Chen,etc.A monitoring method for scaffold frame shoring systems for elevated concrete formwork. Structures & Buildings. 2000,78:681-690.
[17]衣振华.碗扣式钢管脚手架支撑系统在桥梁施工中的应用.济南：山东大学, 2002.
[18]卢勇.东江四桥主桥连续梁临时支墩、支座的设计与施工.铁道建筑技术,2004,(4)：27～28.
[19]胡向东.悬浇箱梁“临时支撑”设计计算.水运工程,2004,6：14～22.
[20]钟定峰.现浇混凝土箱梁支架计算分析：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2005年.
[21]葛耀军.分段施工桥梁分析与控制.北京：人民交通出版社,2003.
[22]减洪敏.桥梁支架结构力学性能分析与施工组织设计：[硕士学位论文].济南：山东大学,2007.
[23]李传习,夏桂云.大跨度桥梁结构计算理论.北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[24]项海帆等.高等桥梁结构理论.北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[25]Godlley,M.H.R. and Beale,R.G.Analysis of large proprietary access scaffold structures.Structures & Buildings.2001,146(1):31-39.
[26]龙驭球等.新型有限元论.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[27]丁皓江,何福保,谢贻权,徐兴.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法.机械工业出版社,1989.
[28]朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用.北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[29]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[30]D.J.Dawe.Curved finite elements for the analysis of shallow and deep circular arches. Computer and Structure,1974,(4)
[31张朝晖等.ANSYS工程应用范例入门与提高.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[32]ANSYS随机帮助.
[33]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法.北京：机械工业出版社,1981.
[34]Molsson. Finite Element Model Coordinate Analysis of Structures Subjected to Moving Loads. Journalof Sound&Vibration,1985,99(1):1-12.
[35]陈骥.钢结构稳定理论与设计.北京：科学出版社,2001.
[36]Chan,S.L.Zhou,Z.H.Chen. Stability analysis of semi-rigid steel scaffolding. Engineering Structure,2000,17(8):568-574.
[37]刘光栋,罗汉泉.杆系结构稳定.北京：人民交通出版社,1988.
[38]Godly M.H.R,Beale R.GSway stiffness of scaffold structures. The Structural Engineer,1997,75(1):4-12.
[39]Taylor,P., Kaneko, S.and Bergman D."Buckling Stability and Secondary Stress Effects in the Deck Girders of Cable-Stayed Bridges."Cable-Stayed and Suspension Bridges,International Conference.AIPC-FIP. Deauville.1994,223-230.
[40]Mosallam,Khalid and Chen,Wai-Fah. Design considerations for formwork in multistorey concrete buildings.Eng.Struct.1990,12:163-172.
[41]中华人民共和国建设部.JGJ130-2001.建筑施工碗扣式脚手架安全技术规范.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001-07-01.
[42]敖鸿斐.双排扣件式钢管脚手架整体极限承载力研究.上海：同济大学,2000.
[43]建设部、国家质监局.GB50009-2001.建筑结构荷载规范.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002-03-01.
[44]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ041-2000.公路桥涵施工技术规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2006-01-15.
[45]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ034—2000.公路路面基层施工技术规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2000-10-01.
[46]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50007-2002.建筑地基基础设计规范.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002-04-01.