碗扣式高支模架力学性能试验研究
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摘要
碗扣式脚手架由于其自身的优点被广泛地应用在实际工程中,特别是高大支模工程。由于碗扣式高支模架在设计及施工过程中理论依据不足及相关施工经验较少,并且其杆件多且整体受力规律复杂,稍有不慎就会造成模架坍塌,致使人员伤亡及财产损失。针对碗扣式高支模架进行整体受力性能研究具有理论和现实意义。
结合郑州市京沙快速通道桥梁部分高支模架项目,在支架预压及混凝土浇筑过程中,对模板支架杆件(立杆和水平杆)内力进行了现场监测并对实测数据进行分析,总结碗扣式高支模架在实际工程中内力传递规律；运用ANSYS软件对支架杆件在预压过程的受力过程进行模拟分析。通过现场实测结果与数值分析结果的对比分析,发现数值计算结果与现场实测结果基本一致,并得出主要结论如下：
(1)支架立杆同一高度处轴力由顺桥向中轴线部位向两侧翼逐渐减小,同一根立杆中上部轴力大于下部。
(2)支架水平杆轴力受力有拉有压,较为复杂,基本上是上部大于下部。
(3)混凝土浇筑过程中,大部分立杆的轴力最大值出现在混凝土浇筑过程中,混凝土浇筑过程中应加强安全监测。
(4)因新浇混凝土经过一段时间具有承担荷载的强度,所以第二次浇筑试验期间杆件内力增量偏小,建议当施工荷载较大导致杆件间距过密而很难施工时,可分次浇筑箱梁混凝土。
(5)通过ANSYS软件对支架预压过程内力理论值及实测值对比,不仅证明了半刚性节点用于碗扣式高支模架计算分析的合理性,同时也验证了实测值的可靠及建模的正确性。
Because of its own advantages, steel tube scaffolding with bowl type coupler has been widely applied in practical projects, especially in tall false work projects. But there are not enough theories in design and less construction experience in work to indicate how to use it properly. Besides, it needs a lot of member bars and its stress regulation is complicated, so it is easy to cause the collapse of the false work even with slightly careless. And the collapse will lead to casualties and property loss. Therefore, it has both theoretical and practical significance to do research on the function of global stress in the tall false work project with bowl type coupler.
This research bases on bridge's tall false work in Jingsha Fast Track project. During the process of plank preloading and concrete building, the internal force of false work's member bars (the vertical and the horizontal) has been monitored in site, the measured date has been analyzed and the law of internal force transformation in practical tall false work project with bowl type has been concluded. And the bearing capacity of false work's member bars in preloading has been simulated and analyzed through ANSYS. According to the comparison between the measured data and the result of data analysis, it shows that they are almost equal to each other. Main conclusions as follows:
(1) On the same height of the false work's vertical bar, axial force reduces gradually from axle wire to both sides in the direction of the bridge. On the same vertical bar, the axial force of the upper is bigger than that of the lower.
(2) Axial force of horizontal bars has been stretched and pressed, which is complicated. The upper force is bigger than the lower in general.
(3) Most of maximum numbers of vertical bars'axial force appear in the process of concreting. It is necessary to strengthen the safety monitoring in this process.
(4) Because the concrete has strength to bear load after a period of time, internal force's increment of member bar on the second concreting is smaller. Thus, it suggests that when the distance between member bars is too close to operate, caused by bigger load, box beam concrete shall be poured in several times.
(5) The comparison between theoretical and measured value of internal force in false work's prepressing through ANSYS not only verifies that it is rational to use semi-rigid joints in the calculation of tall false work projects with bowl type coupler but also proves that measured data is reliable and the simulation is correct.
结合郑州市京沙快速通道桥梁部分高支模架项目,在支架预压及混凝土浇筑过程中,对模板支架杆件(立杆和水平杆)内力进行了现场监测并对实测数据进行分析,总结碗扣式高支模架在实际工程中内力传递规律；运用ANSYS软件对支架杆件在预压过程的受力过程进行模拟分析。通过现场实测结果与数值分析结果的对比分析,发现数值计算结果与现场实测结果基本一致,并得出主要结论如下：
(1)支架立杆同一高度处轴力由顺桥向中轴线部位向两侧翼逐渐减小,同一根立杆中上部轴力大于下部。
(2)支架水平杆轴力受力有拉有压,较为复杂,基本上是上部大于下部。
(3)混凝土浇筑过程中,大部分立杆的轴力最大值出现在混凝土浇筑过程中,混凝土浇筑过程中应加强安全监测。
(4)因新浇混凝土经过一段时间具有承担荷载的强度,所以第二次浇筑试验期间杆件内力增量偏小,建议当施工荷载较大导致杆件间距过密而很难施工时,可分次浇筑箱梁混凝土。
(5)通过ANSYS软件对支架预压过程内力理论值及实测值对比,不仅证明了半刚性节点用于碗扣式高支模架计算分析的合理性,同时也验证了实测值的可靠及建模的正确性。
Because of its own advantages, steel tube scaffolding with bowl type coupler has been widely applied in practical projects, especially in tall false work projects. But there are not enough theories in design and less construction experience in work to indicate how to use it properly. Besides, it needs a lot of member bars and its stress regulation is complicated, so it is easy to cause the collapse of the false work even with slightly careless. And the collapse will lead to casualties and property loss. Therefore, it has both theoretical and practical significance to do research on the function of global stress in the tall false work project with bowl type coupler.
This research bases on bridge's tall false work in Jingsha Fast Track project. During the process of plank preloading and concrete building, the internal force of false work's member bars (the vertical and the horizontal) has been monitored in site, the measured date has been analyzed and the law of internal force transformation in practical tall false work project with bowl type has been concluded. And the bearing capacity of false work's member bars in preloading has been simulated and analyzed through ANSYS. According to the comparison between the measured data and the result of data analysis, it shows that they are almost equal to each other. Main conclusions as follows:
(1) On the same height of the false work's vertical bar, axial force reduces gradually from axle wire to both sides in the direction of the bridge. On the same vertical bar, the axial force of the upper is bigger than that of the lower.
(2) Axial force of horizontal bars has been stretched and pressed, which is complicated. The upper force is bigger than the lower in general.
(3) Most of maximum numbers of vertical bars'axial force appear in the process of concreting. It is necessary to strengthen the safety monitoring in this process.
(4) Because the concrete has strength to bear load after a period of time, internal force's increment of member bar on the second concreting is smaller. Thus, it suggests that when the distance between member bars is too close to operate, caused by bigger load, box beam concrete shall be poured in several times.
(5) The comparison between theoretical and measured value of internal force in false work's prepressing through ANSYS not only verifies that it is rational to use semi-rigid joints in the calculation of tall false work projects with bowl type coupler but also proves that measured data is reliable and the simulation is correct.
引文
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[2]王森军.混凝十结构扣件式钢管高支撑架的动态响应分析[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江工业大学,2007
[3]佘步银,郭正兴.高支模架结构安全策略思考及设计方法[J].工业建筑,2011,41(01)：1～5
[4]杨宏伟.扣件式钢管模版支撑体系整体受力性能分析[D].[硕十学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2009
[5]杨亚南.《建筑施工碗扣式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》JGJ166-2008的编制及其说明[J].施工技术,2009,38(06)：1-3
[6]张洪亮.扣件式钢管支模架稳定承载力的影响因素分析与构造措施研究[D].[硕十学位论文].杭州：浙江工业大学,2009
[7]张化振.扣件式高大模板支架的节点半刚性和整体承载力研究[D].[硕士学位论文].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2009
[8]王勇.超高扣件式钢管模板支架的安全性分析[D].[硕十学位论文].北京：北京交通大学,2007
[9]谢楠.混凝土浇筑期高大模板支架工作状态的试验测试[J].工程力学,2011,28(增刊Ⅰ)：86～89
[10]周建强.碗扣式脚手架支撑体系研究与应用[D].[硕十学位论文].重庆：重庆交通大学,2010
[11]陈守兰.建筑施工技术(第三版)[M].北京：科学出版社,2010.129-130
[12]郭正兴,陈安英.高大支模安全的关键技术问题研讨[J].施工技术,2007,36(增刊)：140-142
[13]K Nielsen. Load on Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs and Their Deformation During Construction [R].Bulletin No.15 Final Report, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm,1952
[14]Grundy P, Kabaila A. Construction Loads on slabs with Shored Formwork in Multistory Buildings[J].ACI Journal,1963,60(12):1729-1738
[15]Agarwal R K, Gardener N J. Form and Shore Requirements fore Multistory Buildings [J]. ACI Journal,1974,71(11):559～569
[16]Brand, R.E. Stability of tubular scaffolding [J]. Civil Engineering and Public Works Review,1972,67(791)
[17]Homes M., Hindson D. Structural behavior of load bearing falsework[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (London). Part I-Design & Construction,1979,67(2)
[18]Lightfoot E., Oliveto G. Collapse strength of tubular steel scaffold assemblies [J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (London). Part I-Design & Construction, 1977,63(2):311～329
[19]F.C. HadiPriono, H.K. Wang. Analysis of Causes of Formwork Failures in Concrete Structures. J Const Engng Mgmt ASCE,1986,112(1)
[20]F.C. HadiPriono, H.K. Wang. Causes of Falsework Collapses during Construction. Struct. Safety,1987,4(3)
[21]S. L. Chan, Z. H. Zhou, W. F Chen, J. L. Peng. etc.Stability Analysis of Semirigid Steel Seaffolding [J].Engineering Structures,1995,17(8):568-574
[22]Weesner L.B Jones H.L. Experimental and analytical capacity of frame scaffolding [J]. Engineering Structures,2001,23(6)
[23]徐崇宝等.双排扣件式钢管脚手架工作性能的理论分析与实验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1989,22(2)：42～48
[24]黄宝魁等.双排扣件式钢管脚手架整体稳定实验与理论分析[J].建筑技术,1991,(9)：40～45
[25]刘宗仁.扣件式钢管脚手架临界力下限计算法[J].建筑技术,2001,32(8)：541-543
[26]余宗明.碗扣型脚手架承载力的试验研究[J].建筑施工,1993
[27]刘家彬,郭正兴.扣件钢管架支模的安全性[J].施工技术,2002,31(3)：9-11
[28]李维滨.扣件式钢管模板支架试验研究[J].建筑技术开发,2004,31(1)：57～59
[29]杜荣军.混凝土工程模板与支架技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[30]严薇,刘杨.立交桥施工中WDJ钢管脚手架的受力分析[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(10)：127-130
[31]衣振华,王有志.桥梁施工中碗扣式脚手架支撑的计算[J].施工技术,2006,35(7)：57-58
[32]舒文超,李华明.钢管扣件高大模板支撑系统设计及实测分析[J].施工技术,2006,35(7)：50～52
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