岩溶地区扰动边坡的植物恢复研究
|
摘要
论文以贵州岩溶地区公路扰动边坡为研究区域,选择了贵新路、贵遵路、贵黄路等高等级公路中具有代表性的各种边坡为研究对象,通过对研究路段中53个固定监测样点的监测,取得了从2005年起以一年中夏季,冬季两个时段的监测资料。并对53个固定监测样点绘制了相关剖面(见附录1)。
论文采用查阅资料、生态系统动态监测和实验方法,调查和监测岩溶地区公路扰动边坡的植被变化过程,采用时间与空间相结合的方法,定量分析岩溶地区公路边坡植被的自然修复过程。
研究内容主要包括:①岩溶地区扰动边坡的分类研究;②不同分类条件下石质扰动边坡植被自然恢复速率研究;③不同分类条件下土质扰动边坡植被自然恢复速率研究;④扰动边坡与自然边坡植被生长的对比研究;⑤扰动边坡的植物适宜性研究。⑥影响扰动坡因素的数学模型探讨。
通过以上研究得出如下结论:
1分类结论:根据岩性将边坡分为石质扰动边坡和土质扰动边坡;根据土壤岩石状况将边坡分为白云岩边坡和石灰岩边坡;根据扰动坡的坡面与岩层产状的关系将边坡分为薄层岩石边坡,薄到中厚层岩石边坡和厚层岩石边坡;根据岩层产状将边坡分为斜向坡、顺向坡,反向坡;根据坡度将边坡分为缓坡,斜坡,陡坡,极陡坡。
2公路边坡植被恢复主要与以下因素有关:
岩性因素:在空间尺度上,土质边坡的恢复情况比石质边坡好。
岩层产状因素:边坡植被的恢复情况斜向坡>反向坡>顺向坡。
坡度条件因素:坡度的影响表现为,边坡植被的恢复情况缓坡>斜坡>陡坡>极陡坡。
土壤岩石因素:边坡植被的恢复情况表现为白云岩边坡>石灰岩边坡;薄到中厚层岩石边坡>薄层岩石边坡>厚层岩石边坡。
研究提出了土质边坡植被恢复较好,可以进行自然恢复;石质边坡中的缓坡和糙度大的斜坡植被恢复良好,可以进行自然恢复;对于陡坡,极陡坡,顺向坡,糙度小的边坡,可以适当种植植被进行护坡。
The paper, with a special reference to perturbation side slope of expressway in karst region of Guizhou, selects the representative ecosystem with different side slope in those various highways which are Guixin highway, Guizun highway, Guihuang highway, and so on, and obtaines the monitoring data for summer and winter these two periods from 2005 according to the fifty-three fixed monitorings in the research section. And drew the relevant section for these 53 fixed monitorings(see appendix 1).
The paper investigates and monitors the changing course of vegetation of perturbation side slope of expressway in karst region by the means of consulting date, ecological dynamic monitor and experiment, and quantitatively analyzes the natural repairing course of vegetation of side slope of expressway in karst region by the mean of combining space with time.
This paper mainly includes the contents as follows:(1)the study on classification of perturbation side slope in karst region;(2)the speed of natural recovery of the vegetation of perturbation stone side slope under different categorised conditions;(3) the speed of natural recovery of the vegetation of perturbation soil side slope under different categorised conditions;(4)the comparison of plants growing in perturbation slope and natural slope;(5)the suitable performance of perturbation slope.(6) the discussion of mathematical model of Influence factor of perturbation slope.
The conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1 Classified conclusion: According to lithological character side slope will be divided into stone perturbation slope and soil perturbation slope; according to the soil’s and rock’s condition side slope will be divided into…the dolomite side slope and the limestone side slope; according to the relations of slope face and the occurrence of rock layer in the perturbation slope side slope will be divided into thin layer rock side slope, thinly to heavy film rock side slope and heavy film rock side slope; according to the occurrence of rock layer side slope will be divided into obliquely slope, obey-slope and reverse slope; according to slope side slope will be divided into gentle slope, pitch, steep slope, extremely steep slope.
2 The vegetation restoration of road side slope is mainly related to the following factors:
Lothological factor: In the spatial criterion, the soil side slope's restoration situation is better than the stone side slope.
Rock layer occurrence factor: The situation of the side slope’s vegetation restoration is the obliquely slope > the reverse slope > the obey-slope.
Slope condition factor: The slope’s influence is that, the situation of the side slope’s vegetation restoration is gentle slope > pitch > steep slope > extremely steep slope.
Soil and rock factor: The situation of side slope’s vegetation restoration is dolomite side slope > limestone side slope; thinly to heavy film rock side slope > thin layer rock side slope > heavy film rock side slope.
The research proposes the soil side slope’s vegetation restores well, may carry on the naturul restoration; The vegetation of gentle slope and pitch with big roughness of the stone side slope restores good , may carry on the naturul restoration; Regarding to the steep slope, the extremely steep slope, the obey-slope, and the small roughness side slope, ther may be planted the vegetation extremely to carry on the slope protection suitably.
论文采用查阅资料、生态系统动态监测和实验方法,调查和监测岩溶地区公路扰动边坡的植被变化过程,采用时间与空间相结合的方法,定量分析岩溶地区公路边坡植被的自然修复过程。
研究内容主要包括:①岩溶地区扰动边坡的分类研究;②不同分类条件下石质扰动边坡植被自然恢复速率研究;③不同分类条件下土质扰动边坡植被自然恢复速率研究;④扰动边坡与自然边坡植被生长的对比研究;⑤扰动边坡的植物适宜性研究。⑥影响扰动坡因素的数学模型探讨。
通过以上研究得出如下结论:
1分类结论:根据岩性将边坡分为石质扰动边坡和土质扰动边坡;根据土壤岩石状况将边坡分为白云岩边坡和石灰岩边坡;根据扰动坡的坡面与岩层产状的关系将边坡分为薄层岩石边坡,薄到中厚层岩石边坡和厚层岩石边坡;根据岩层产状将边坡分为斜向坡、顺向坡,反向坡;根据坡度将边坡分为缓坡,斜坡,陡坡,极陡坡。
2公路边坡植被恢复主要与以下因素有关:
岩性因素:在空间尺度上,土质边坡的恢复情况比石质边坡好。
岩层产状因素:边坡植被的恢复情况斜向坡>反向坡>顺向坡。
坡度条件因素:坡度的影响表现为,边坡植被的恢复情况缓坡>斜坡>陡坡>极陡坡。
土壤岩石因素:边坡植被的恢复情况表现为白云岩边坡>石灰岩边坡;薄到中厚层岩石边坡>薄层岩石边坡>厚层岩石边坡。
研究提出了土质边坡植被恢复较好,可以进行自然恢复;石质边坡中的缓坡和糙度大的斜坡植被恢复良好,可以进行自然恢复;对于陡坡,极陡坡,顺向坡,糙度小的边坡,可以适当种植植被进行护坡。
The paper, with a special reference to perturbation side slope of expressway in karst region of Guizhou, selects the representative ecosystem with different side slope in those various highways which are Guixin highway, Guizun highway, Guihuang highway, and so on, and obtaines the monitoring data for summer and winter these two periods from 2005 according to the fifty-three fixed monitorings in the research section. And drew the relevant section for these 53 fixed monitorings(see appendix 1).
The paper investigates and monitors the changing course of vegetation of perturbation side slope of expressway in karst region by the means of consulting date, ecological dynamic monitor and experiment, and quantitatively analyzes the natural repairing course of vegetation of side slope of expressway in karst region by the mean of combining space with time.
This paper mainly includes the contents as follows:(1)the study on classification of perturbation side slope in karst region;(2)the speed of natural recovery of the vegetation of perturbation stone side slope under different categorised conditions;(3) the speed of natural recovery of the vegetation of perturbation soil side slope under different categorised conditions;(4)the comparison of plants growing in perturbation slope and natural slope;(5)the suitable performance of perturbation slope.(6) the discussion of mathematical model of Influence factor of perturbation slope.
The conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1 Classified conclusion: According to lithological character side slope will be divided into stone perturbation slope and soil perturbation slope; according to the soil’s and rock’s condition side slope will be divided into…the dolomite side slope and the limestone side slope; according to the relations of slope face and the occurrence of rock layer in the perturbation slope side slope will be divided into thin layer rock side slope, thinly to heavy film rock side slope and heavy film rock side slope; according to the occurrence of rock layer side slope will be divided into obliquely slope, obey-slope and reverse slope; according to slope side slope will be divided into gentle slope, pitch, steep slope, extremely steep slope.
2 The vegetation restoration of road side slope is mainly related to the following factors:
Lothological factor: In the spatial criterion, the soil side slope's restoration situation is better than the stone side slope.
Rock layer occurrence factor: The situation of the side slope’s vegetation restoration is the obliquely slope > the reverse slope > the obey-slope.
Slope condition factor: The slope’s influence is that, the situation of the side slope’s vegetation restoration is gentle slope > pitch > steep slope > extremely steep slope.
Soil and rock factor: The situation of side slope’s vegetation restoration is dolomite side slope > limestone side slope; thinly to heavy film rock side slope > thin layer rock side slope > heavy film rock side slope.
The research proposes the soil side slope’s vegetation restores well, may carry on the naturul restoration; The vegetation of gentle slope and pitch with big roughness of the stone side slope restores good , may carry on the naturul restoration; Regarding to the steep slope, the extremely steep slope, the obey-slope, and the small roughness side slope, ther may be planted the vegetation extremely to carry on the slope protection suitably.
引文
[1]包维楷,陈庆恒.退化山地植被恢复和重建的基本理论和方法[J].长江流域资源与环境.1998,7(4):370-376
[2]陈训,龙成昌.贵州喀斯特生态恢复与生态立省[J].贵州林业科技. 2006,34(1):27-30
[3]陈振盛. 泥岩边坡植生技术研究[J].水土保持研究. 1995,2(3):68-75
[4]程星,於芳.喀斯特土壤水分变化研究[J].地球与环境.2005,(33):139-143
[5]董慧涵,古伯根,蔡科丽.白云山风景区林地小气候与环境[J].广州师院学报,1995,(1):24-33
[6]胡双双,陈静曦,周爱芳.浅析我国高速公路路堑岩质边坡生态基材喷射护坡技术[J].交通科技.2006,(3):73-75
[7] 李生宇,雷加强.古尔班通古特沙漠公路扰动带植被恢复研究[J].新疆环境保护. 2002,24(1):01-07
[8]李靖。粉煤灰水泥混凝土在山区高等级公路边坡中的应用研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用.2004,(3):30-31
[9]李鹏,李占斌,郑良勇.植被保持水土有效性研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(1):76-80
[10] 李金昌.黄土地区高等级公路边坡绿化[J].山西科技,2003,(2):49-5O.
[11]刘树华,辛国君,陈荷生,冯金朝,刘元波,刘立超.沙漠人工植被和流动沙丘的小气候特征观测研究[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(1):16-23
[12] 石东扬,熊忠臣,王瑞雄,等.高速公路边坡的绿化研究[J].中国园林,2001,(3):11-l2
[13]水建国,柴锡周,卢庭高.红壤地区降水对林地养分输入与土壤侵蚀的作用[J].浙江农业学报,2001,13(1):19-23
[14]王庆锁,李博.鄂尔多斯沙田油蒿群落生物量[J].植物生态学报。1994,18(4):347-353
[15] 王 勤.河南驻信高速公路边坡绿化探讨[J].公路,2002,(8):124-125.
[16] 王慧芳,罗承德.高等级公路边坡绿化植物材料选择初探[J].四川草原,2004,(3):53—55.
[17]温远光,梁宏温,和太平,赖家业,黄承标,李信贤,黄志辉,黄棉,周继忠.大明山退化生态系统群落光照的变化[J].广西农业大学学报,1998,17(2):199-203
[18]伍光和等.自然地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2000.
[19]肖集芳,王金凤.植物的自我调控[J].生物学教学,1994,(2):1-2
[20]喻理飞,朱守谦等.退化喀斯特森林恢复评价和修复技术[J].贵州科学,2002,20(1):7-13
[21] 喻理飞,朱守谦.退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中群落动态研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(1):1-7
[22] 赵明阶,何光春,王多垠.边坡工程处治技术[M].人民交通出版杜,2003.
[23] 赵德志,张兰军,魏涛. 贵州喀斯特地区公路边坡生态恢复的环境影响因子研究[J].公路交通技术,2005,(5):130-133.
[24]周跃.植被与侵蚀控制:坡面生态工程基本原理探索[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):297-300
[25]朱克亮,李明波,孙晓松. 贵阳市道路岩质边坡植被修复初步调查[J]. 贵州工业大学学报,2006,35(4):13-16
[26]Alan H. Goldstein, Kate Braverman. Evidence for mutualism between a plant growing in a phosphate-limited desert environment and a mineral phosphate solubilizing (MPS) rhizobacterium[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,1999,30(4):295-300
[27] Gadd.A.J., J.E.Keers. Surface exchanges of sensible and latent heat in a 10-level model atmosphere[J]. Quart.J.Roy.Metero.Soc. 1997,96:297-308
[28] Huband.N.D.,J.L.Monteith. Radiative surface temperature and energy balance of wheat canopy[J].B.L.Meteor. 1986,36:107-116
[29]J Shields.F.D and D.H.Gray.Efects of woody vegetation on the Structural Integrity of Sandy Levees[J].Water Resources Bul-lefin,1993,(5):157-163
[30] Oke,T.R..lloundary layer climatea[J]. Methuen and Co.Ltd,1978,107-116
[31]Swinbank.W.C. , A.J , Dyer. A experimental study in micrometeorology[J]. Quart.J.Roy, Meteor.Soc.1967,93:494-500
[2]陈训,龙成昌.贵州喀斯特生态恢复与生态立省[J].贵州林业科技. 2006,34(1):27-30
[3]陈振盛. 泥岩边坡植生技术研究[J].水土保持研究. 1995,2(3):68-75
[4]程星,於芳.喀斯特土壤水分变化研究[J].地球与环境.2005,(33):139-143
[5]董慧涵,古伯根,蔡科丽.白云山风景区林地小气候与环境[J].广州师院学报,1995,(1):24-33
[6]胡双双,陈静曦,周爱芳.浅析我国高速公路路堑岩质边坡生态基材喷射护坡技术[J].交通科技.2006,(3):73-75
[7] 李生宇,雷加强.古尔班通古特沙漠公路扰动带植被恢复研究[J].新疆环境保护. 2002,24(1):01-07
[8]李靖。粉煤灰水泥混凝土在山区高等级公路边坡中的应用研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用.2004,(3):30-31
[9]李鹏,李占斌,郑良勇.植被保持水土有效性研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(1):76-80
[10] 李金昌.黄土地区高等级公路边坡绿化[J].山西科技,2003,(2):49-5O.
[11]刘树华,辛国君,陈荷生,冯金朝,刘元波,刘立超.沙漠人工植被和流动沙丘的小气候特征观测研究[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(1):16-23
[12] 石东扬,熊忠臣,王瑞雄,等.高速公路边坡的绿化研究[J].中国园林,2001,(3):11-l2
[13]水建国,柴锡周,卢庭高.红壤地区降水对林地养分输入与土壤侵蚀的作用[J].浙江农业学报,2001,13(1):19-23
[14]王庆锁,李博.鄂尔多斯沙田油蒿群落生物量[J].植物生态学报。1994,18(4):347-353
[15] 王 勤.河南驻信高速公路边坡绿化探讨[J].公路,2002,(8):124-125.
[16] 王慧芳,罗承德.高等级公路边坡绿化植物材料选择初探[J].四川草原,2004,(3):53—55.
[17]温远光,梁宏温,和太平,赖家业,黄承标,李信贤,黄志辉,黄棉,周继忠.大明山退化生态系统群落光照的变化[J].广西农业大学学报,1998,17(2):199-203
[18]伍光和等.自然地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2000.
[19]肖集芳,王金凤.植物的自我调控[J].生物学教学,1994,(2):1-2
[20]喻理飞,朱守谦等.退化喀斯特森林恢复评价和修复技术[J].贵州科学,2002,20(1):7-13
[21] 喻理飞,朱守谦.退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中群落动态研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(1):1-7
[22] 赵明阶,何光春,王多垠.边坡工程处治技术[M].人民交通出版杜,2003.
[23] 赵德志,张兰军,魏涛. 贵州喀斯特地区公路边坡生态恢复的环境影响因子研究[J].公路交通技术,2005,(5):130-133.
[24]周跃.植被与侵蚀控制:坡面生态工程基本原理探索[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):297-300
[25]朱克亮,李明波,孙晓松. 贵阳市道路岩质边坡植被修复初步调查[J]. 贵州工业大学学报,2006,35(4):13-16
[26]Alan H. Goldstein, Kate Braverman. Evidence for mutualism between a plant growing in a phosphate-limited desert environment and a mineral phosphate solubilizing (MPS) rhizobacterium[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,1999,30(4):295-300
[27] Gadd.A.J., J.E.Keers. Surface exchanges of sensible and latent heat in a 10-level model atmosphere[J]. Quart.J.Roy.Metero.Soc. 1997,96:297-308
[28] Huband.N.D.,J.L.Monteith. Radiative surface temperature and energy balance of wheat canopy[J].B.L.Meteor. 1986,36:107-116
[29]J Shields.F.D and D.H.Gray.Efects of woody vegetation on the Structural Integrity of Sandy Levees[J].Water Resources Bul-lefin,1993,(5):157-163
[30] Oke,T.R..lloundary layer climatea[J]. Methuen and Co.Ltd,1978,107-116
[31]Swinbank.W.C. , A.J , Dyer. A experimental study in micrometeorology[J]. Quart.J.Roy, Meteor.Soc.1967,93:494-500