空间环境对蒙农杂种冰草生物学特性影响的研究
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摘要
利用“实践八号”卫星搭载蒙农杂种冰草(Agropyron cristatum×A. desertorum cv. Mengnong)干种子作为处理,未搭载种子作为对照。通过室内试验及盆栽试验,观察搭载后蒙农杂种冰草种子发芽特性、播种后以及再生后植株的株高、分蘖数、生长速度等生长情况,并对抗旱生理指标和细胞有丝分裂指数进行测定,研究空间环境对蒙农杂种冰草植株生物学特性影响,为抗逆性和产量为目标的蒙农杂种冰草优良品系的选育提供基础材料,研究也将丰富空间诱变理论和实践。研究结果表明:
(1)空间环境影响蒙农杂种冰草种子活力,随着贮藏时间延长而降低。
(2)空间环境对叶片长、叶片宽、株高、单株鲜重影响较大,出现了株高变矮、叶片变短、叶片增宽、单株鲜重增加的变异植株。
(3)空间环境对植株以及再生植株的高度、叶片数和分蘖数的变化速度没有显著影响;但影响植株分蘖数、再生植株分蘖数和叶片数变化速度峰值的出现时间。
(4)干旱胁迫条件下,处理的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量较对照高,可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量较对照低,二者相对电导率和脯氨酸含量差别不大。从6项生理指标综合评价:空间处理的蒙农杂种冰草抗旱性有增强的趋势。
(5)空间环境对蒙农杂种冰草植株根尖分生细胞有丝分裂指数没有显著影响。
Dry seeds of Agropyron cristatum×A. desertorum cv. Mengnong were carried by Shijian8 spaceship (treatment) and compared with seeds on the earth (control). For the seeds, germination rate, and growth indexes including leaf number, tiller number and plant height after sowing and regenerating, and several drought-correlation physiological indexes through laboratory and pot experiment and cell mitotic index were determined. The study of effects of space environment on biological characteristics of wheatgrass provides foundation material for wheatgrass resistance and productivity breeding research, and enriches theory and practice of space mutation. The results showed as follows:
(1) Space environment could affect seed vigor, and it was decreased with storage time prolonged after mutation.
(2) Space environment could affect leaf length, leaf width, plant height and single plant fresh weight. The characteristics of variant plants were: plant height lowed, leaf length shortened, leaf width broadened and single plant fresh weight increased.
(3) Space environment had no effects on change velocity of leaf number, tiller number and plant height after sowing and regenerating, and could affect the peak time of sowing tiller number, regenerating tiller number and leaf number.
(4)Under drought stress, RWC and chlorophyll content of treatment were higher than control, the soluble sugar and MDA content of treatment were lower than control, and the difference of REC and PRO content were not remarkable between treatment and control. From comprehensive evaluation of 6 physiological indexes: the treatment had the tendency of higher drought resistance.
(5)Space environment had no significant effects on mitotic index in root meristematic cell of plant.
(1)空间环境影响蒙农杂种冰草种子活力,随着贮藏时间延长而降低。
(2)空间环境对叶片长、叶片宽、株高、单株鲜重影响较大,出现了株高变矮、叶片变短、叶片增宽、单株鲜重增加的变异植株。
(3)空间环境对植株以及再生植株的高度、叶片数和分蘖数的变化速度没有显著影响;但影响植株分蘖数、再生植株分蘖数和叶片数变化速度峰值的出现时间。
(4)干旱胁迫条件下,处理的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量较对照高,可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量较对照低,二者相对电导率和脯氨酸含量差别不大。从6项生理指标综合评价:空间处理的蒙农杂种冰草抗旱性有增强的趋势。
(5)空间环境对蒙农杂种冰草植株根尖分生细胞有丝分裂指数没有显著影响。
Dry seeds of Agropyron cristatum×A. desertorum cv. Mengnong were carried by Shijian8 spaceship (treatment) and compared with seeds on the earth (control). For the seeds, germination rate, and growth indexes including leaf number, tiller number and plant height after sowing and regenerating, and several drought-correlation physiological indexes through laboratory and pot experiment and cell mitotic index were determined. The study of effects of space environment on biological characteristics of wheatgrass provides foundation material for wheatgrass resistance and productivity breeding research, and enriches theory and practice of space mutation. The results showed as follows:
(1) Space environment could affect seed vigor, and it was decreased with storage time prolonged after mutation.
(2) Space environment could affect leaf length, leaf width, plant height and single plant fresh weight. The characteristics of variant plants were: plant height lowed, leaf length shortened, leaf width broadened and single plant fresh weight increased.
(3) Space environment had no effects on change velocity of leaf number, tiller number and plant height after sowing and regenerating, and could affect the peak time of sowing tiller number, regenerating tiller number and leaf number.
(4)Under drought stress, RWC and chlorophyll content of treatment were higher than control, the soluble sugar and MDA content of treatment were lower than control, and the difference of REC and PRO content were not remarkable between treatment and control. From comprehensive evaluation of 6 physiological indexes: the treatment had the tendency of higher drought resistance.
(5)Space environment had no significant effects on mitotic index in root meristematic cell of plant.
引文
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3王雁,李潞滨,韩雷.空间诱变技术及其在我国花卉育种上的应用[J].林业科学研究,2002,(15):229-234
4潘光辉,尹贤贵,杨琦凤,等.农作物太空育种研究进展[J].西南园艺,2001,33(4),34-35
5王侠礼.一种新的作物诱变育种方法—航天育种[J].种子,2004,23(9):94-95
6杨震,庞伯良,谭林.我国空间诱变育种研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2006(6):19-21
7赵林姝,刘录祥.俄罗斯空间植物学研究进展[J].核农业学报,1998,12(4):252-256
8 Rasmussen O,Baggenmd C,Larssen HC,et al. The effect of 8 days of microgravity on regeneration of intact plant from protoplasts. PHysiol Plant,1994,92:404-411
9潘光辉,尹贤贵,杨琦凤,等.作物航天诱变育种研究进展[J].西南农业学报,2005,18(6): 853-857
10李社荣,曾孟潜,刘雅楠,等.植物空间诱变研究进展[J].核农学报,1998,12(6):375-379
11梅曼彤.空间诱变研究的进展[J].空间科学学报,1996,16(增刊):148-152
12孙传芝,吴洪.农作物空间诱变育种的研究与前景[J].福建农林大学学报,2002,31(增刊):9-12
13李金国,王培生,张健,等.中国农作物航空航天诱变育种的进展及其前景[J].航天医学与医学工程,1999,12(6):464-468
14刘录祥,郭会君,赵林姝,等.我国作物航天育种20年的基本成就与展望[J].核农学报, 2007,21(6):589-592
15贾建航,王斌.空间诱变育种研究进展[J].核农学报,1999,13(3):187-192
16郑家团,谢华安,王乌齐,等.水稻航天诱变育种研究进展与应用前景[J].分子植物育种, 2003,1(3):367-371
17沈桂芳,孙永成,钦天均.中国航天诱变育种搭载试验综述[C].航天育种高层论坛论文选编,2005:1-6
18温贤芳,张龙,戴维序,等.天地结合开展我国空间诱变育种研究[J].核农学报,2004,18(4):241-246
19李源祥,蒋兴村,李金国,等.水稻空间诱变性状变异及育种研究[J].江西农业学报,2000,12(2):17-23
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