沥青混合料热物性参数研究
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摘要
沥青路面结构温度场和温度应力的分析都离不开材料的热物性参数,热物性参数随温度状况和材料种类的变化而不同,但以往在进行路面结构温度场和温度应力的分析时,一般都将材料的热物性参数取为定值,使得预估的温度场和计算的温度应力的正确性大打折扣。由于道路结构处于不断变化的温度环境中,因此若想精确模拟道路结构温度场,实测不同状况下道路材料的热物性参数是非常必要的。
本文所研究的热物性参数主要包括比热容、导热系数、线收缩系数。主要研究内容及研究结论如下：
开发并标定了沥青混合料的比热容测试系统,测试了沥青、集料、沥青混合料的比热容,得出沥青混合料各组分对其比热容的影响,通过预估模型比选得出应用并联模型进行沥青混合料比热容预估。用快速导热系数测定仪测试了沥青、集料、沥青混合料的导热系数,得出沥青混合料各组分对其导热系数的影响；分析了温度变化对导热系数的影响；通过预估模型比选得出应用并联模型进行沥青混合料导热系数预估。利用应变计电测法,测定了沥青混合料的线收缩系数,得出沥青种类对混合料的线收缩系数影响大于空隙率和集料的影响；温度变化和温速变化对线收缩系数影响较大。利用有限元模型对路面温度场进行了预估,并与路面实测温度进行了对比,得出若想精确模拟道路结构温度场,需要实测不同状况下道路材料的热物性参数。
Thermal physical parameters of materials are usually regarded as constant in analysing temperature field and temperature stress.But they changed with temperature and material type,so the measurement of thermal physical parameters in different temperature condition is needed.
In this paper, the research of the thermal physical parameters include:specific heat capacity, coefficient of thermal conductivity, the linear contractive modulus.The main research contents and research conclusions are as follows:
Development and calibration of the test system of asphalt mixture specific heat capacity. Through testing the specific heat capacity of asphalt, aggregate, asphalt mixture find the influence of asphalt and aggregate in asphalt mixture specific heat capacity. Parallel model is better to simulate specific heat capacity of asphalt mixture through comparing with others.Test the coefficient of thermal conductivity of asphalt, aggregate,and asphalt mixture find the influence of aggregate, the influence of air void. Analyzed the temperature variation to the influence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Parallel model is better to simulate specific heat capacity of asphalt mixture through comparing with others. linear contractive modulus of asphalt mixture are measured with strain gage methord and find that influence of asphalt type is greater than air void and aggregate. Temperature changes on linear contractive modulus is great.Temperature field is estimated through finite element model. So the measurement of thermal physical parameters in different temperature condition is importent.
本文所研究的热物性参数主要包括比热容、导热系数、线收缩系数。主要研究内容及研究结论如下：
开发并标定了沥青混合料的比热容测试系统,测试了沥青、集料、沥青混合料的比热容,得出沥青混合料各组分对其比热容的影响,通过预估模型比选得出应用并联模型进行沥青混合料比热容预估。用快速导热系数测定仪测试了沥青、集料、沥青混合料的导热系数,得出沥青混合料各组分对其导热系数的影响；分析了温度变化对导热系数的影响；通过预估模型比选得出应用并联模型进行沥青混合料导热系数预估。利用应变计电测法,测定了沥青混合料的线收缩系数,得出沥青种类对混合料的线收缩系数影响大于空隙率和集料的影响；温度变化和温速变化对线收缩系数影响较大。利用有限元模型对路面温度场进行了预估,并与路面实测温度进行了对比,得出若想精确模拟道路结构温度场,需要实测不同状况下道路材料的热物性参数。
Thermal physical parameters of materials are usually regarded as constant in analysing temperature field and temperature stress.But they changed with temperature and material type,so the measurement of thermal physical parameters in different temperature condition is needed.
In this paper, the research of the thermal physical parameters include:specific heat capacity, coefficient of thermal conductivity, the linear contractive modulus.The main research contents and research conclusions are as follows:
Development and calibration of the test system of asphalt mixture specific heat capacity. Through testing the specific heat capacity of asphalt, aggregate, asphalt mixture find the influence of asphalt and aggregate in asphalt mixture specific heat capacity. Parallel model is better to simulate specific heat capacity of asphalt mixture through comparing with others.Test the coefficient of thermal conductivity of asphalt, aggregate,and asphalt mixture find the influence of aggregate, the influence of air void. Analyzed the temperature variation to the influence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Parallel model is better to simulate specific heat capacity of asphalt mixture through comparing with others. linear contractive modulus of asphalt mixture are measured with strain gage methord and find that influence of asphalt type is greater than air void and aggregate. Temperature changes on linear contractive modulus is great.Temperature field is estimated through finite element model. So the measurement of thermal physical parameters in different temperature condition is importent.
引文
[1]胡芃,陈则韶著.量热技术和热物性测定[M].安徽：中国科学技术大学出版社,2009
[2]Denlinger D W,Abarra E N,Allen K, et al. Thin film microcalorimeter for heat capacity measurements from 1.5 to800[J],Rev.Sci.Instru.1994,65(4):946-959
[3]Magee J w,Deal R J. High-temperature adiabatic calorimeter for constant volune heat capacity measurements of compressed gases and liquids [J]. Journal of Resrarch of the National Institute of stadards and Technology,1998,103(1):63-75
[4]Ditmars D A.Phase-Change Calorimeter for Measuring Relative Enthalpy in the Temprature Range 273.15 to 1200k,in Compendium of thermophysical property measurement methods,Vol.2[M].//Maglic K.D,Cezairliyan A,Peletsky V E.New York:Plenum Press,1992:437-456.
[5]戴启润著.大学物理实验[M].郑州：郑州大学出版社,2008
[6]苑凯君,陈健,等.DSC法测原油的比热容[J].油气储运.2010,29(11)
[7]张金涛,原遵东,等.高精度自动绝热量热计[J].计量学报.2005,26(4)：320-325
[8]谭志诚,刘北平,等.一种新型80-100k高精度全自动绝热量热系统的建立[J].计算机与应用化学.2003,20(3)
[9]余隽.微量热计的研制及微纳米薄膜比热测试及分析[D].大连理工大学,2005
[10]Song Q L,Cui Z,Xia S H,et al.An ac microcalorimeter for measuring specific heat of thin films[J].Microelectronics Journal,2004 (35):817-821
[11]李兴海.沥青混合料的热物理特性研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2007
[12]Jordan,P.G. and Tomas, M.E.,Prediction of Cooling Curver for Hot-Mix Paving Materials by a Computer Program,Transport and Road Research Laboratory Report.1976, 125-136.
[13]Tegeler, P.A. and Dempsey, B.J., A Method of Predicting Compaction Time for Hot-Mix Bituminous Concret, Asphalt Paving Technologists Technical Sessions.1983,(42):499-523.
[14]Bruce A., Rachel A.D., David E.N., et al. An Asphalt Paving Tool for Adverse Condition, finial report to Minnesota Department of Transportation, Report.1998:177-189
[15]Joseph, Donath Mrawira,P.E.,New Measurement of Thermal Properties of Superpave Asphalt Concrete,Journal Of Materials In Civial Engineering,ASCE.Janurary,February 2005
[16]资建民,王海军,李福宝,周伟.大粒径沥青混合料基层缓解反射裂缝应力分析[J].‘华中科技大学学报.2006：8-12.
[17]逯彦秋.刚桥桥面铺装层温度场的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学.20079-24
[18]YS.杜洛金.固体热物理性质导论-理理论和测量.奚同庚,王梅华编译[M].北京：中国计量出版社,1987,1-2,12-28.
[19]刘淑琴.用稳态法导热仪测定聚氨醋硬泡导热系数[J].黎明化工.1990：(4)：41～43.
[20]施明恒,薛宗荣等.烟丝热物性测试方法的研究[J].烟草科技.1990：15～17
[21]黎爱纯.稳态热流计法导热仪测试人造板导热系数[J].南京林业大学学报.1997.21(3)：99～102
[22]沈雅钧,金俭雄.保温材料热物性的准稳态法测试[J].浙江海洋学院学报.2001,20(1)：41～44
[23]严作人.层状路面体系的温度场分析[J].同济大学学报.1984：23～26
[24]邴文山.热稳流理论在道路冻深计算中的应用[J].中国公路学报,Vol.5.No.1,1992：11-16
[25]牛俊明.排水性沥青抗滑层混合料热学性能研究[J].石油沥青.1997：5～9
[26]黄慧.沥青及沥青混合料热物特性及测试方法研究[D].长沙,长沙理工大学.2010
[27]费业泰,赵静.材料热膨胀系数的发展与未来分析[J].中国计量学院学报.2002,13(4)：259～263
[28]H·Watanabe, N·Yamada, M·Okji·Development of a Laser Interferometic Dilatometer for Measurements of Thermal Expansion ofSolids in the Temperature Range 300 to 1300 K, International Journal of Thermophysics-2002, Vol·23:543-554
[29]杨新圆,孙建平.材料线热膨胀系数测量的近代发展与方法比对介绍[J].计量技术.2008.7
[30]王培吉,范素华.光声法测量材料热膨胀系数的实验研究[J].实验力学.2001,16(1)
[31]吕勇,王正道.一种低温材料热膨胀系数的测试系统[J].工具技术,2004,38(7)
[32]王青,等.测定金属热膨胀系数的新方法研究[J].大学物理实验,2003,16(6)
[33]陈思颖,等.用电子散斑干涉法测量材料热膨胀系数[J].强激光与粒子束,2004,16(6)
[34]孙建平,等.激光干涉法测量材料线膨胀系数的实验研究[J].计量技术,2007(5)
[35]王正道,赵立中,途志华,等.应变计法测量低温下材料线膨胀系数[J].低温工程,1999(1)
[36]Barber, E. S. Calculation of Maximum Pavement Temperatures from Weather Reports. Highway Research Board, Bulletin 168, National Research Council, Washington DC, 1957
[37]Christison, J. M., K.O.Anderson. The Response of Asphalt Pavement to Low Temperature Climatic Environment[C]. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements,1972
[38]沈金安编著.沥青及沥青混合料的路用性能[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[39]Huber, G. A. Weather Database for the SUPERPAVE Mix Design System. Strategic Highway Research Program[R], SHRP-A-648A, National Research Council, Washington DC,1994
[40]Kennedy, T. W., et al. Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements (Superpave):The Product of the SHRP Asphalt Research Program. Strategic Highway Research Program[R], SHRP-A-410, National Research Council, Washington DC,1994
[41]Hermansson, A. A Simulation Model for Calculating Pavement Temperature, Including the Maximum Temperature [J]. Transportation Research Board 79th Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2001
[42]Hermansson, A. A Mathematical Model for Calculating Pavement Temperature, Comparisons between Calculated and Measured Temperature [C]. Transportation Research Board 80th Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2001
[43]Park, D., et al. Development of Effective Layer Temperature Prediction Model and Temperature Correction Using FWD Deflection[C]. Transportation Research Board 80th Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2001
[44]Diefenderfer, B. K., et al. Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Pavement Temperature Profile[C]. Transportation Research Board 82nd Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2003
[45]吴赣昌.层状路面体系温度场分析[J].中国公路学报,1992(4)
[46]徐世法.沥青路面温度分布规律的研究[J].北京公路,1991(5)
[47]韩子东.道路结构温度场研究[D].西安：长安大学,2001
[48]JTG-2004.公路沥青路面施工技术规范.
[49]JTJ052—2000.公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程.
[50]陈东生,周嘉源,钱军,宦强.混合法测固体比热容仪器的研制[J].物理实验,2005,25(1)：22～24.
[51]郝元恺,肖家余著.高性能复合材料学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[52]胡力群.半刚性基层材料结构类型与组成设计研究[D].西安：长安大学,2004
[53]贾力,方肇洪,钱兴华著.高等传热学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007
[54]胡宗文.路面材料收缩变形试验研究及路面结构热-力耦合分析[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[55]郑南翔,牛思胜,许新权.重载沥青路面车辙预估的温度-轴载-轴次模型[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(3)：7～13
[2]Denlinger D W,Abarra E N,Allen K, et al. Thin film microcalorimeter for heat capacity measurements from 1.5 to800[J],Rev.Sci.Instru.1994,65(4):946-959
[3]Magee J w,Deal R J. High-temperature adiabatic calorimeter for constant volune heat capacity measurements of compressed gases and liquids [J]. Journal of Resrarch of the National Institute of stadards and Technology,1998,103(1):63-75
[4]Ditmars D A.Phase-Change Calorimeter for Measuring Relative Enthalpy in the Temprature Range 273.15 to 1200k,in Compendium of thermophysical property measurement methods,Vol.2[M].//Maglic K.D,Cezairliyan A,Peletsky V E.New York:Plenum Press,1992:437-456.
[5]戴启润著.大学物理实验[M].郑州：郑州大学出版社,2008
[6]苑凯君,陈健,等.DSC法测原油的比热容[J].油气储运.2010,29(11)
[7]张金涛,原遵东,等.高精度自动绝热量热计[J].计量学报.2005,26(4)：320-325
[8]谭志诚,刘北平,等.一种新型80-100k高精度全自动绝热量热系统的建立[J].计算机与应用化学.2003,20(3)
[9]余隽.微量热计的研制及微纳米薄膜比热测试及分析[D].大连理工大学,2005
[10]Song Q L,Cui Z,Xia S H,et al.An ac microcalorimeter for measuring specific heat of thin films[J].Microelectronics Journal,2004 (35):817-821
[11]李兴海.沥青混合料的热物理特性研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2007
[12]Jordan,P.G. and Tomas, M.E.,Prediction of Cooling Curver for Hot-Mix Paving Materials by a Computer Program,Transport and Road Research Laboratory Report.1976, 125-136.
[13]Tegeler, P.A. and Dempsey, B.J., A Method of Predicting Compaction Time for Hot-Mix Bituminous Concret, Asphalt Paving Technologists Technical Sessions.1983,(42):499-523.
[14]Bruce A., Rachel A.D., David E.N., et al. An Asphalt Paving Tool for Adverse Condition, finial report to Minnesota Department of Transportation, Report.1998:177-189
[15]Joseph, Donath Mrawira,P.E.,New Measurement of Thermal Properties of Superpave Asphalt Concrete,Journal Of Materials In Civial Engineering,ASCE.Janurary,February 2005
[16]资建民,王海军,李福宝,周伟.大粒径沥青混合料基层缓解反射裂缝应力分析[J].‘华中科技大学学报.2006：8-12.
[17]逯彦秋.刚桥桥面铺装层温度场的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学.20079-24
[18]YS.杜洛金.固体热物理性质导论-理理论和测量.奚同庚,王梅华编译[M].北京：中国计量出版社,1987,1-2,12-28.
[19]刘淑琴.用稳态法导热仪测定聚氨醋硬泡导热系数[J].黎明化工.1990：(4)：41～43.
[20]施明恒,薛宗荣等.烟丝热物性测试方法的研究[J].烟草科技.1990：15～17
[21]黎爱纯.稳态热流计法导热仪测试人造板导热系数[J].南京林业大学学报.1997.21(3)：99～102
[22]沈雅钧,金俭雄.保温材料热物性的准稳态法测试[J].浙江海洋学院学报.2001,20(1)：41～44
[23]严作人.层状路面体系的温度场分析[J].同济大学学报.1984：23～26
[24]邴文山.热稳流理论在道路冻深计算中的应用[J].中国公路学报,Vol.5.No.1,1992：11-16
[25]牛俊明.排水性沥青抗滑层混合料热学性能研究[J].石油沥青.1997：5～9
[26]黄慧.沥青及沥青混合料热物特性及测试方法研究[D].长沙,长沙理工大学.2010
[27]费业泰,赵静.材料热膨胀系数的发展与未来分析[J].中国计量学院学报.2002,13(4)：259～263
[28]H·Watanabe, N·Yamada, M·Okji·Development of a Laser Interferometic Dilatometer for Measurements of Thermal Expansion ofSolids in the Temperature Range 300 to 1300 K, International Journal of Thermophysics-2002, Vol·23:543-554
[29]杨新圆,孙建平.材料线热膨胀系数测量的近代发展与方法比对介绍[J].计量技术.2008.7
[30]王培吉,范素华.光声法测量材料热膨胀系数的实验研究[J].实验力学.2001,16(1)
[31]吕勇,王正道.一种低温材料热膨胀系数的测试系统[J].工具技术,2004,38(7)
[32]王青,等.测定金属热膨胀系数的新方法研究[J].大学物理实验,2003,16(6)
[33]陈思颖,等.用电子散斑干涉法测量材料热膨胀系数[J].强激光与粒子束,2004,16(6)
[34]孙建平,等.激光干涉法测量材料线膨胀系数的实验研究[J].计量技术,2007(5)
[35]王正道,赵立中,途志华,等.应变计法测量低温下材料线膨胀系数[J].低温工程,1999(1)
[36]Barber, E. S. Calculation of Maximum Pavement Temperatures from Weather Reports. Highway Research Board, Bulletin 168, National Research Council, Washington DC, 1957
[37]Christison, J. M., K.O.Anderson. The Response of Asphalt Pavement to Low Temperature Climatic Environment[C]. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements,1972
[38]沈金安编著.沥青及沥青混合料的路用性能[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[39]Huber, G. A. Weather Database for the SUPERPAVE Mix Design System. Strategic Highway Research Program[R], SHRP-A-648A, National Research Council, Washington DC,1994
[40]Kennedy, T. W., et al. Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements (Superpave):The Product of the SHRP Asphalt Research Program. Strategic Highway Research Program[R], SHRP-A-410, National Research Council, Washington DC,1994
[41]Hermansson, A. A Simulation Model for Calculating Pavement Temperature, Including the Maximum Temperature [J]. Transportation Research Board 79th Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2001
[42]Hermansson, A. A Mathematical Model for Calculating Pavement Temperature, Comparisons between Calculated and Measured Temperature [C]. Transportation Research Board 80th Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2001
[43]Park, D., et al. Development of Effective Layer Temperature Prediction Model and Temperature Correction Using FWD Deflection[C]. Transportation Research Board 80th Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2001
[44]Diefenderfer, B. K., et al. Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Pavement Temperature Profile[C]. Transportation Research Board 82nd Annual Meeting, Washington DC,2003
[45]吴赣昌.层状路面体系温度场分析[J].中国公路学报,1992(4)
[46]徐世法.沥青路面温度分布规律的研究[J].北京公路,1991(5)
[47]韩子东.道路结构温度场研究[D].西安：长安大学,2001
[48]JTG-2004.公路沥青路面施工技术规范.
[49]JTJ052—2000.公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程.
[50]陈东生,周嘉源,钱军,宦强.混合法测固体比热容仪器的研制[J].物理实验,2005,25(1)：22～24.
[51]郝元恺,肖家余著.高性能复合材料学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[52]胡力群.半刚性基层材料结构类型与组成设计研究[D].西安：长安大学,2004
[53]贾力,方肇洪,钱兴华著.高等传热学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007
[54]胡宗文.路面材料收缩变形试验研究及路面结构热-力耦合分析[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[55]郑南翔,牛思胜,许新权.重载沥青路面车辙预估的温度-轴载-轴次模型[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(3)：7～13