温拌沥青混合料在海底隧道中的应用研究
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摘要
以青岛海底隧道工程为依托,本文进行了温拌沥青混合料在隧道内的应用研究。主要对添加Sasobit、Leadcap、Evotherm(?)-DAT三种温拌剂的沥青及混合料进行系统的路用性能检测与设计分析,提出适于隧道的温拌沥青混合料技术并铺筑了温拌试验路。主要研究内容与结论如下：
研究了不同温拌添加剂对沥青胶结料性能的影响规律。结果表明：有机添加剂Sasobit严重降低了沥青的低温性能,如低温延度衰减显著；表面活性剂DAT对沥青性能指标影响不大；而有机添加剂Leadcap能够显著改善低温性能,具有优良的使用优势。同时,利用荧光显微镜分析技术,研究了不同温拌剂在沥青中的分布状态和显微结构,结果发现沥青的微观结构和分布形态与沥青性能指标间存在密切的联系。
研究了温拌改性沥青混合料施工温度确定方法及路用性能。通过大量系统试验和数据分析认为：利用黏温曲线确定的温拌沥青混合料降温幅度是不合理的,而采用旋转压实等体积法(空隙率)能合理确定温拌混合料的成型温度。三种温拌剂产品中,DAT-WMA, Leadcap-WMA及Sasobit-WMA的施工温度分别降低了31℃,21℃,23℃,在摊铺时的沥青烟可分别减少90%,60%,61%以上,同时,D-WMA可节约燃油24%, L-WMA与S-WMA可节约燃油19%。
在路用性能方面,D-WMA与L-WMA的车辙动稳定度分别降低了11%,17.5%, S-WMA与HMA相当；L-WMA与S-WMA的低温破坏应变降低了14%和35%,而D-WMA与HMA具有相同的破坏应变：D-WMA与L-WMA的冻融劈裂强度比均高于HMA,而S-WMA劈裂强度最低仅满足规范最低要求。温拌混合料动态模量研究表明,表面活性剂法混合料D-WMA表现出优于热拌混合料的力学性能,而有机添加剂法混合料L-WMA稍差于热拌混合料。
根掘实践经验与有限元计算结果,推荐了耐久性良好的隧道路面结构组合。最后,采用表面活性温拌技术铺筑了试验路,工后检测结果表明,温拌混合料不仅能保证路面质量,又达到了节能减排及无烟化施工的目的。
Application research of warm mix asphalt used in tunnel pavement is done relying on Qingdao undersea tunnel project in this paper. The performance of asphalt and asphalt mixture with Sasobit, Leadcap and Evotherm(?)-DAT are studied systematacilly, and the warm mix technique which is suitable to use in tunnel is proposed, lastly the test road is constructed. The major research content and conclusion as follows:
The influence law of additives on asphalt cement performance is studied. The results showed that:Sasobit (organic additive) reduces the low-temperature performance of asphalt seriously, such as low-temperature ductility attenuate significantly; DAT (surfactant) has little effect on asphalt performance; Leadcap(organic additive) can significantly improves low-temperature performance, which has excellent application advantage. Meanwhile, the distribution and micro structure of different additives in asphalt is studied using fluorescence microscopy analysis techniques and result show that there is a close relationship between the microstructure and distribution patterns of asphalt and performance。
Interior design method and road performance of WMA were studied. By a large number of experiments and data analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: the cooling amplitude of WMA which determined using viscosity-temperature curve is small, it is unreasonable, but the method of identical volume parameter (void radio) of SGC specimens can reasonably determine the molding temperature of the mixture; the construction temperature of D-WMA, L-WMA and S-WMA were reduced by30℃,20℃,20℃in this condition the asphalt fume can be reduced by90%,61%, 61%respectively in paving process of mixture, and the fuel savings of them is24%,19%and19%. Compared with the HMA, the dynamic stability of the D-WMA and L-WMA decreased by11%,17.5%, the S-WMA is not reduced; the failure strain of L-WMA and S-WMA at low temperature decreased by14%and35%, but D-WMA and HMA had the same low temperature crack resistance; the freeze-thaw cleavage strength of the D-WMA and L-WMA was better than HMA, but the S-WMA was worse, only meet the minimum requirements. Meanwhile, the dynamic modulus of WMA was studied and results showed that the Mechanical Properties of D-WMA was better than HMA, but L-WMA was slightly worse.
According finite element calculation results and practical experience, pavement structure is recommended which had good durability.At last, the testing road was builded and test results showed that Warm Mix asphalt technology could not only ensure the road quality, but also achieve the purpose of the energy saving and smoke-free construction.
研究了不同温拌添加剂对沥青胶结料性能的影响规律。结果表明：有机添加剂Sasobit严重降低了沥青的低温性能,如低温延度衰减显著；表面活性剂DAT对沥青性能指标影响不大；而有机添加剂Leadcap能够显著改善低温性能,具有优良的使用优势。同时,利用荧光显微镜分析技术,研究了不同温拌剂在沥青中的分布状态和显微结构,结果发现沥青的微观结构和分布形态与沥青性能指标间存在密切的联系。
研究了温拌改性沥青混合料施工温度确定方法及路用性能。通过大量系统试验和数据分析认为：利用黏温曲线确定的温拌沥青混合料降温幅度是不合理的,而采用旋转压实等体积法(空隙率)能合理确定温拌混合料的成型温度。三种温拌剂产品中,DAT-WMA, Leadcap-WMA及Sasobit-WMA的施工温度分别降低了31℃,21℃,23℃,在摊铺时的沥青烟可分别减少90%,60%,61%以上,同时,D-WMA可节约燃油24%, L-WMA与S-WMA可节约燃油19%。
在路用性能方面,D-WMA与L-WMA的车辙动稳定度分别降低了11%,17.5%, S-WMA与HMA相当；L-WMA与S-WMA的低温破坏应变降低了14%和35%,而D-WMA与HMA具有相同的破坏应变：D-WMA与L-WMA的冻融劈裂强度比均高于HMA,而S-WMA劈裂强度最低仅满足规范最低要求。温拌混合料动态模量研究表明,表面活性剂法混合料D-WMA表现出优于热拌混合料的力学性能,而有机添加剂法混合料L-WMA稍差于热拌混合料。
根掘实践经验与有限元计算结果,推荐了耐久性良好的隧道路面结构组合。最后,采用表面活性温拌技术铺筑了试验路,工后检测结果表明,温拌混合料不仅能保证路面质量,又达到了节能减排及无烟化施工的目的。
Application research of warm mix asphalt used in tunnel pavement is done relying on Qingdao undersea tunnel project in this paper. The performance of asphalt and asphalt mixture with Sasobit, Leadcap and Evotherm(?)-DAT are studied systematacilly, and the warm mix technique which is suitable to use in tunnel is proposed, lastly the test road is constructed. The major research content and conclusion as follows:
The influence law of additives on asphalt cement performance is studied. The results showed that:Sasobit (organic additive) reduces the low-temperature performance of asphalt seriously, such as low-temperature ductility attenuate significantly; DAT (surfactant) has little effect on asphalt performance; Leadcap(organic additive) can significantly improves low-temperature performance, which has excellent application advantage. Meanwhile, the distribution and micro structure of different additives in asphalt is studied using fluorescence microscopy analysis techniques and result show that there is a close relationship between the microstructure and distribution patterns of asphalt and performance。
Interior design method and road performance of WMA were studied. By a large number of experiments and data analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: the cooling amplitude of WMA which determined using viscosity-temperature curve is small, it is unreasonable, but the method of identical volume parameter (void radio) of SGC specimens can reasonably determine the molding temperature of the mixture; the construction temperature of D-WMA, L-WMA and S-WMA were reduced by30℃,20℃,20℃in this condition the asphalt fume can be reduced by90%,61%, 61%respectively in paving process of mixture, and the fuel savings of them is24%,19%and19%. Compared with the HMA, the dynamic stability of the D-WMA and L-WMA decreased by11%,17.5%, the S-WMA is not reduced; the failure strain of L-WMA and S-WMA at low temperature decreased by14%and35%, but D-WMA and HMA had the same low temperature crack resistance; the freeze-thaw cleavage strength of the D-WMA and L-WMA was better than HMA, but the S-WMA was worse, only meet the minimum requirements. Meanwhile, the dynamic modulus of WMA was studied and results showed that the Mechanical Properties of D-WMA was better than HMA, but L-WMA was slightly worse.
According finite element calculation results and practical experience, pavement structure is recommended which had good durability.At last, the testing road was builded and test results showed that Warm Mix asphalt technology could not only ensure the road quality, but also achieve the purpose of the energy saving and smoke-free construction.
引文
[1]Graham C. Hurley,Brian D. Prowell. Evaluation of asphal-min(?) zeolite for in warm mix asphalt[R], June 2005
[2]Graham C.Hurley,Brian D.Prowell.Evaluation of sasobit(?) for use in warm mix asphalt[R]. June 2005
[3]Graham C. Hurley,Brian D. Prowell.Evaluation of evotherm(?) for use in warm mix asphalt[R]. June 2006
[4]Brian D. Prowell, Graham C. Hurley, Everett Crews.Field Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt at The NCAT Test Track[J]. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies,2007
[5]Jones W. warm mix asphalt -a state of the art review[R].Australia:Australian Asphalt Pavement Association,2001
[6]Joe W Button, Cindy Estakhri, Andrew Wimsatt. A Synthesis of Warm-mix Asphalt[R]. Texas Transportation Institute and Texas A&M University System College,2007.
[7]Diefenderfer S, McGhee K, Donaldson B. Installation of Warm Mix Asphalt Projects in Virginia[R]. Virginia Transportation Research Council,2007
[8][8]John D'Angelo, Eric Harm, John Bartoszek, et al.Warm-mix Asphalt:European Practice[R]. Report No:FHWA-PL-08-007
[9]吴剑.温拌沥青混合料技术在台金高速公路苍岭隧道中的应用[J],公路交通科技,2008,4,V25(4)：135-137
[10]温拌沥青；混合料在隧道路面摊铺中的应用研究[J].公路交通科技,2008,4,V25(4)：127-131
[11]JTJ 052-2000公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2000
[12]JTG F40-2004公路沥青路面施工技术规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[13]国外道路标准规范编译组(译)AASHTO运输材料标准规范与取样和试验方法[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2007
[14]美德维实伟克贸易(上海)有限公司沥青革新技术部EvothermTM-DAT添加剂技术要求与试验方法[R],2009.4
[15]JTG E20-2011公路工程沥青及沥青混合试验规程[R].北京：人民交通出版社,2011
[16]柳浩,张书芳等.美国温拌沥青混合料技术考察综述,市政技术,2009,27(4)：332-333
[17]李军.聚合物改性沥青多相体系形成与稳定的研究[D].东营：中国石油大学,2008
[18]肖云,袁燕,张肖宁.SBS微观分散状态与改性沥青性能的关系[J].华南理工大学学报,2005,33(8)：83-86
[19]崔泽实,郭德伦.荧光显微镜的功能配置及应用要点[J].医疗装备,2004,17(9)：4-6
[20]郭舜玲,孙玉善,尚李等.荧光显微镜技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994
[21]SY 5614-93,岩石荧光显微镜鉴定方法[S].1990
[22]樊亮,马士杰,林江涛,王林.荧光显微分析技术在沥青研究中的应用[J].公路工程,2011,6.
[23]JTG E42-2005公路工程集料试验规程[R].北京：人民教育出版社,2005
[24]周燕,陈拴发,郑木莲等,温拌沥青混合料压实特性研究,武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(1)：63-64
[25]陈伟,王林,胡宗文.温拌SBS沥青混合料成型温度确定及水稳定性研究[J].公路,2012,3：118-119
[26]郭平,祁峰,弥海晨.温拌沥青混合料的路用性能.长安大学学报自然科学版.2010,Ⅴ(3)：10-13
[27]秦永春.基于表面活性剂的温拌沥青混合料的设计及相关性能研究[D].上海：同济大学,2009
[28]Brian D, Prowell,Graham C. Everett Crews.Hurley. Field Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt at National Center for Asphalt Technology Test Track [R]. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.2007:96-102
[29]Richard P. Izzo, Maghsoud Tahmoressi. Use of the Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Device for Evaluating Moisture Susceptibility of Hot-Mix Asphalt. Journal of the Transportation Research Board.1999,V(23):76-85
[30]韦金城等.沥青混合料动态模量试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,2008,12,Ⅴ(11)：657-661
[31]胡霞光,李德超,田莉.沥青混合料动态模量研究进展.中外公路,2007,27(1)：132-133
[32]李德超.沥青混合料动态模量试验研究.公路,2008,1：134-140
[33]刘伯莹,姚祖康等.沥青沥青路面设计指标和参数总报告[R].2008.1
[34]韦金城,王林,马士杰.多孔隙大碎石沥青混合料动态模量试验研究.石油沥青,2008,Ⅴ(22)：15-19
[35]JTG E60-2008公路路基路面现场测试规程[R].北京：人民交通出版社,2008
[2]Graham C.Hurley,Brian D.Prowell.Evaluation of sasobit(?) for use in warm mix asphalt[R]. June 2005
[3]Graham C. Hurley,Brian D. Prowell.Evaluation of evotherm(?) for use in warm mix asphalt[R]. June 2006
[4]Brian D. Prowell, Graham C. Hurley, Everett Crews.Field Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt at The NCAT Test Track[J]. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies,2007
[5]Jones W. warm mix asphalt -a state of the art review[R].Australia:Australian Asphalt Pavement Association,2001
[6]Joe W Button, Cindy Estakhri, Andrew Wimsatt. A Synthesis of Warm-mix Asphalt[R]. Texas Transportation Institute and Texas A&M University System College,2007.
[7]Diefenderfer S, McGhee K, Donaldson B. Installation of Warm Mix Asphalt Projects in Virginia[R]. Virginia Transportation Research Council,2007
[8][8]John D'Angelo, Eric Harm, John Bartoszek, et al.Warm-mix Asphalt:European Practice[R]. Report No:FHWA-PL-08-007
[9]吴剑.温拌沥青混合料技术在台金高速公路苍岭隧道中的应用[J],公路交通科技,2008,4,V25(4)：135-137
[10]温拌沥青；混合料在隧道路面摊铺中的应用研究[J].公路交通科技,2008,4,V25(4)：127-131
[11]JTJ 052-2000公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2000
[12]JTG F40-2004公路沥青路面施工技术规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[13]国外道路标准规范编译组(译)AASHTO运输材料标准规范与取样和试验方法[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2007
[14]美德维实伟克贸易(上海)有限公司沥青革新技术部EvothermTM-DAT添加剂技术要求与试验方法[R],2009.4
[15]JTG E20-2011公路工程沥青及沥青混合试验规程[R].北京：人民交通出版社,2011
[16]柳浩,张书芳等.美国温拌沥青混合料技术考察综述,市政技术,2009,27(4)：332-333
[17]李军.聚合物改性沥青多相体系形成与稳定的研究[D].东营：中国石油大学,2008
[18]肖云,袁燕,张肖宁.SBS微观分散状态与改性沥青性能的关系[J].华南理工大学学报,2005,33(8)：83-86
[19]崔泽实,郭德伦.荧光显微镜的功能配置及应用要点[J].医疗装备,2004,17(9)：4-6
[20]郭舜玲,孙玉善,尚李等.荧光显微镜技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994
[21]SY 5614-93,岩石荧光显微镜鉴定方法[S].1990
[22]樊亮,马士杰,林江涛,王林.荧光显微分析技术在沥青研究中的应用[J].公路工程,2011,6.
[23]JTG E42-2005公路工程集料试验规程[R].北京：人民教育出版社,2005
[24]周燕,陈拴发,郑木莲等,温拌沥青混合料压实特性研究,武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(1)：63-64
[25]陈伟,王林,胡宗文.温拌SBS沥青混合料成型温度确定及水稳定性研究[J].公路,2012,3：118-119
[26]郭平,祁峰,弥海晨.温拌沥青混合料的路用性能.长安大学学报自然科学版.2010,Ⅴ(3)：10-13
[27]秦永春.基于表面活性剂的温拌沥青混合料的设计及相关性能研究[D].上海：同济大学,2009
[28]Brian D, Prowell,Graham C. Everett Crews.Hurley. Field Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt at National Center for Asphalt Technology Test Track [R]. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.2007:96-102
[29]Richard P. Izzo, Maghsoud Tahmoressi. Use of the Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Device for Evaluating Moisture Susceptibility of Hot-Mix Asphalt. Journal of the Transportation Research Board.1999,V(23):76-85
[30]韦金城等.沥青混合料动态模量试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,2008,12,Ⅴ(11)：657-661
[31]胡霞光,李德超,田莉.沥青混合料动态模量研究进展.中外公路,2007,27(1)：132-133
[32]李德超.沥青混合料动态模量试验研究.公路,2008,1：134-140
[33]刘伯莹,姚祖康等.沥青沥青路面设计指标和参数总报告[R].2008.1
[34]韦金城,王林,马士杰.多孔隙大碎石沥青混合料动态模量试验研究.石油沥青,2008,Ⅴ(22)：15-19
[35]JTG E60-2008公路路基路面现场测试规程[R].北京：人民交通出版社,2008