椭圆盘管蓄冷系统节能机理的研究
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摘要
蓄冷技术由于具有“削峰填谷”节约电能的作用，现已成为国内外制冷装备领域中热门研究课题之一，受到世界各国的重视并得到越来越广泛的推广。蓄冷技术从电力用户着手，参与电力调峰，平衡电网，充分利用谷期电力，将部分峰期电力需求转移到谷期，削减供电量，减少电力建设投资，保护大气环境。
盘管蓄冷系统因具有换热效果好、释冷温度相对稳定、蓄冰槽要求低、单位蓄冷量造价低等优点，是蓄冷系统中较普遍采用的一种蓄冷方式。本文综述了盘管蓄冷系统国内外相关研究现状，其系统由于载冷剂与冰层之间的水层存在热阻大，取冷速率小，导致其传热效率低、能耗高的问题。而椭圆管的热阻小，传热效率高，所以提出将椭圆管应用到盘管蓄冷系统中，提高其传热效率，降低能耗，并研究和优化相应的椭圆盘管蓄冷装置。
首先针对传统焓差法和温度法建立的数学模型难于评价椭圆管和椭圆盘管换热特性的问题，提出利用能描述流阻参数的焓阻法，来综合地评价椭圆管及椭圆盘管换热特性的方法。在焓差法基础上，推导了焓阻法，并建立椭圆盘管蓄冷系统蓄冰融冰过程的焓阻数学模型，并研究了椭圆盘管传热系数的变化规律、蓄冰速率变化规律、载冷剂温度变化规律、水温变化规律等，在此基础上，对蓄冰融冰过程进行了实验分析，验证了焓阻法的正确性。
其次建立焓阻法的椭圆管数学模型，对圆管和椭圆管的三种管束流场进行模拟，获得它们的速度分布云图和压力云图。在此基础上，对不同管状的对流焓阻流场进行分析，研究阻力系数变化规律、综合换热性能的变化规律。结果表明相同室外温度和相同换热面积下，采用椭圆管温度分布更加均匀，涡流区更小，流阻低，对流换热效果更好，在一定雷诺数范围内下存在最优传热性能椭圆管。
再次建立焓阻法的蓄冷系统蓄冰融冰数学模型，分析了不同的结构参数以及运行工况对蓄冰槽传热性能的影响，在一定容积的空间内，总存在一个管间距使得盘管换热密度达到最佳值，从而获得了蓄冰槽理论的节能最佳点，为蓄冷系统的优化计算分析提供理论指导。
最后设计和优化椭圆盘管蓄冷系统蓄冰融冰焓阻性能的实验系统，针对在蓄冷系统实际应用中蓄冷盘管冷量输出难于控制的问题，研制了基于敞开式陈列柜的椭圆盘管蓄冷系统蓄冰和融冰自适应控制系统，通过控制水泵流量和盘管冷量，来实现其能量的高效率利用。经实验，验证了椭圆盘管蓄冷系统蓄冰融冰的焓阻数学模型、传热特性分析和椭圆盘管的优化设计。
Cold storage technology has become one of the hot research topics in many countries of theworld and used more and more widely because of its shifting power from on-peak loads tooff-peak periods. Cold storage technology can balance power grid, and fully use the valley powerto adjust power peaking, and transfer part of peak power demand to the valley, and cut the powersupply, and reduce the power construction investment, and protect theatmospheric environment.
Coil cold storage system has the advantages of good heat transfer, and releasing coldrelatively stable, and less requirements of cold storage, and low cost of unit, so it is one of themost popular ice storage system. This paper summarizes the current research situation ofdomestic and foreign on coil storage system, and summaries the question of low heat transferefficiency and high energy consumption of the system because of big thermal resistance betweenthe Coolant and the ice and low heat transfer efficiency, so the elliptic coil tube cold storagesystem is provided to improve the heat transfer efficiency and reduce energy consumption bystudying and optimizing of the elliptic tubecold storage device.
Firstly, the traditional mathematical model by Enthalpy and temperature method can notevaluate heat transfer characteristics accurately of circular tube and elliptical coil tube, soEnthalpy resistance method is proposed which can describe flow resistance parameters andevaluate heat transfer characteristics of elliptic coil tube comprehensively. Enthalpy resistancemethod is established based on Enthalpy, and Enthalpy resistance mathematical model of icestorage and melting ice of elliptical coil is established, and studies the change of the elliptic heattransfer coefficient, and variation rate of ice storage, and the Coolant temperature change, andthe water temperature change, et al.. Based on the study, verify the correctness of Enthalpyresistance method by experiment of ice storage and ice melting.
Secondly, establish mathematical model of elliptical tube based on enthalpy resistancemethod, and simulate flow field of the circular tube and three kind elliptical pipe bundles toobtain their velocity distribution and pressure contour. Based on this, analyze the enthalpyresistance convection flow of different tubular, and study variation of resistance coefficient and comprehensive performance of heat transfer. The results show that the elliptic tubetemperature distribution of the elliptic tube is more uniform, and their vortex area is smaller, andflow resistance is lower, and heat convection effect is better under the same heat transfer area andoutdoor temperature. And conclude the result that there exists an optimal heat transferperformanceof elliptic tube in a certain range of Reynolds number.
Thirdly，establish mathematical model of ice storage and ice melting in elliptic cold storagesystem based enthalpy resistance method, and analyze the influence different structuralparameters and operating conditions on the heat transfer performance of ice storage tank, andobtain the best energy-saving point of elliptic ice storage tank theoretically， which providestheoretical guidance for the optimization and calculation analysis of elliptic cold storage system.
Last, design and optimize the experimental system of ice storage and ice meltingof elliptic coil storage system to test enthalpy resistance. For the problem of control lingthe storage coil pipe cold output difficultly, design the adaptive control system based on opendisplay cabinet elliptic coil cold storage system, and realize the high efficient use of energythrough controlling of water pump flow and cooling capacity. By the experiment, verifyenthalpy resistance model, and analysis of the characteristics of heat transfer, and the optimizeddesign of ice melting elliptic coil cold storage system.
盘管蓄冷系统因具有换热效果好、释冷温度相对稳定、蓄冰槽要求低、单位蓄冷量造价低等优点，是蓄冷系统中较普遍采用的一种蓄冷方式。本文综述了盘管蓄冷系统国内外相关研究现状，其系统由于载冷剂与冰层之间的水层存在热阻大，取冷速率小，导致其传热效率低、能耗高的问题。而椭圆管的热阻小，传热效率高，所以提出将椭圆管应用到盘管蓄冷系统中，提高其传热效率，降低能耗，并研究和优化相应的椭圆盘管蓄冷装置。
首先针对传统焓差法和温度法建立的数学模型难于评价椭圆管和椭圆盘管换热特性的问题，提出利用能描述流阻参数的焓阻法，来综合地评价椭圆管及椭圆盘管换热特性的方法。在焓差法基础上，推导了焓阻法，并建立椭圆盘管蓄冷系统蓄冰融冰过程的焓阻数学模型，并研究了椭圆盘管传热系数的变化规律、蓄冰速率变化规律、载冷剂温度变化规律、水温变化规律等，在此基础上，对蓄冰融冰过程进行了实验分析，验证了焓阻法的正确性。
其次建立焓阻法的椭圆管数学模型，对圆管和椭圆管的三种管束流场进行模拟，获得它们的速度分布云图和压力云图。在此基础上，对不同管状的对流焓阻流场进行分析，研究阻力系数变化规律、综合换热性能的变化规律。结果表明相同室外温度和相同换热面积下，采用椭圆管温度分布更加均匀，涡流区更小，流阻低，对流换热效果更好，在一定雷诺数范围内下存在最优传热性能椭圆管。
再次建立焓阻法的蓄冷系统蓄冰融冰数学模型，分析了不同的结构参数以及运行工况对蓄冰槽传热性能的影响，在一定容积的空间内，总存在一个管间距使得盘管换热密度达到最佳值，从而获得了蓄冰槽理论的节能最佳点，为蓄冷系统的优化计算分析提供理论指导。
最后设计和优化椭圆盘管蓄冷系统蓄冰融冰焓阻性能的实验系统，针对在蓄冷系统实际应用中蓄冷盘管冷量输出难于控制的问题，研制了基于敞开式陈列柜的椭圆盘管蓄冷系统蓄冰和融冰自适应控制系统，通过控制水泵流量和盘管冷量，来实现其能量的高效率利用。经实验，验证了椭圆盘管蓄冷系统蓄冰融冰的焓阻数学模型、传热特性分析和椭圆盘管的优化设计。
Cold storage technology has become one of the hot research topics in many countries of theworld and used more and more widely because of its shifting power from on-peak loads tooff-peak periods. Cold storage technology can balance power grid, and fully use the valley powerto adjust power peaking, and transfer part of peak power demand to the valley, and cut the powersupply, and reduce the power construction investment, and protect theatmospheric environment.
Coil cold storage system has the advantages of good heat transfer, and releasing coldrelatively stable, and less requirements of cold storage, and low cost of unit, so it is one of themost popular ice storage system. This paper summarizes the current research situation ofdomestic and foreign on coil storage system, and summaries the question of low heat transferefficiency and high energy consumption of the system because of big thermal resistance betweenthe Coolant and the ice and low heat transfer efficiency, so the elliptic coil tube cold storagesystem is provided to improve the heat transfer efficiency and reduce energy consumption bystudying and optimizing of the elliptic tubecold storage device.
Firstly, the traditional mathematical model by Enthalpy and temperature method can notevaluate heat transfer characteristics accurately of circular tube and elliptical coil tube, soEnthalpy resistance method is proposed which can describe flow resistance parameters andevaluate heat transfer characteristics of elliptic coil tube comprehensively. Enthalpy resistancemethod is established based on Enthalpy, and Enthalpy resistance mathematical model of icestorage and melting ice of elliptical coil is established, and studies the change of the elliptic heattransfer coefficient, and variation rate of ice storage, and the Coolant temperature change, andthe water temperature change, et al.. Based on the study, verify the correctness of Enthalpyresistance method by experiment of ice storage and ice melting.
Secondly, establish mathematical model of elliptical tube based on enthalpy resistancemethod, and simulate flow field of the circular tube and three kind elliptical pipe bundles toobtain their velocity distribution and pressure contour. Based on this, analyze the enthalpyresistance convection flow of different tubular, and study variation of resistance coefficient and comprehensive performance of heat transfer. The results show that the elliptic tubetemperature distribution of the elliptic tube is more uniform, and their vortex area is smaller, andflow resistance is lower, and heat convection effect is better under the same heat transfer area andoutdoor temperature. And conclude the result that there exists an optimal heat transferperformanceof elliptic tube in a certain range of Reynolds number.
Thirdly，establish mathematical model of ice storage and ice melting in elliptic cold storagesystem based enthalpy resistance method, and analyze the influence different structuralparameters and operating conditions on the heat transfer performance of ice storage tank, andobtain the best energy-saving point of elliptic ice storage tank theoretically， which providestheoretical guidance for the optimization and calculation analysis of elliptic cold storage system.
Last, design and optimize the experimental system of ice storage and ice meltingof elliptic coil storage system to test enthalpy resistance. For the problem of control lingthe storage coil pipe cold output difficultly, design the adaptive control system based on opendisplay cabinet elliptic coil cold storage system, and realize the high efficient use of energythrough controlling of water pump flow and cooling capacity. By the experiment, verifyenthalpy resistance model, and analysis of the characteristics of heat transfer, and the optimizeddesign of ice melting elliptic coil cold storage system.
引文
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