浙江省香榧天然群体的遗传多样性研究
|
摘要
香榧(Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl)系裸子植物红豆杉科(Taxaceae)榧属(Torreya)常绿乔木,为我国特有的珍贵多用途经济干果树种。本文选取香榧主要分布区具有代表性的6个群体共92个个体的叶片和果实为实验材料,采用表型和分子标记(AFLP)两种不同的方法分别从不同层次来揭示香榧天然群体群体的遗传多样性,为香榧遗传多样性保护策略的提出、种质资源保存及优异种质筛选提供了科学合理的理论依据。主要研究结果如下:
1表型性状多样性分析
各性状变异系数(CV)分别为:果实长14.15%、果实宽3.95%、果实重33.92%、针叶长18.85%、针叶宽15.48%、种子长15.44%、种子宽15.77%、种子重34.71%。各表型性状的表型分化系数(Vst)平均值为10.8%,其中:果实长11.9%、果实宽19.1%、果实重0.1%、针叶长12.0%、针叶宽1.0%、种子长16.7%、种子宽14.6%、种子重10.8%。方差分析表明,群体内方差分量百分比的平均值为72.8%,大于群体间8.7%。
2香榧天然群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析
采用8对AFLP引物共获得364条清晰谱带,其中多态性条带63条。方差分析表明,在谱带频率总方差贡献中,群体内占88.86%,大于群体间11.14%。各群体多态位点百分率介于79.73%-98.41%;Nei基因多样性介于0.3096-0.3768;Shannon信息指数介于0.4548-0.5471;等位基因数介于1.7939-1.9841;有效等位基因数介于1.5416-1.6759。基因分化系数为0.1136,基因流为3.8997,遗传一致度平均值为0.9174,遗传距离平均值为0.0797。香榧天然群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传变异主要集中在群体内。
3香榧表型及AFLP分子标记比较研究发现,二者的相关系数为0.9783,具有较高的相关吻合性,证明二者揭示香榧天然群体遗传多样性结果的一致性。
Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl is evergreen arbor species,which belong to Taxaceae and Torreya.It is China′s unique high-quality dry fruit,it has high economic value. Phenotypic identification and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 92 Torreya grandis Fort ex Lindl from 6 different populations. Which can provide a scientific and rational theoretical basis for protective strategy of diversity, germplasm resources conservation and screening of superior germplams. The main results are as follows:
1 Phenotypic diversity
The CV of six groups of phenotypical traits, which are the length, width, weight of fruit and seed, the length ,width of leaf are 14.15%, 3.95%, 33.92%, 15.44%, 15.77%, 34.71%, 18.85%, 15.48%.The average of Vst among populations is 10.8%, with the length, width, weight of fruit and seed, the length ,width of leaf are 11.9%, 19.1%, 0.1%, 16.7%, 14.6%, 10.8%, 12.0%, 1.0%. Analysis of variance showed that the variance component within populations (72.8%)is sligntly greater than that of among populations(8.7%).
2 Genetic diversity of different populations by AFLP
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 92 Torreya grandis Fort ex Lindl from 6 different populations. Total of 364 locis of Torreya grandis genome were examined for molecular variation and 63 locis were polymorphic. Analysis of variance showed that the percentage of variance components was 11.14% among populations and 88.86% within populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci(P)ranging from 79.73% to 98.41%,the Nei′gene diversity(H) ranging from 0.3096 to 0.3768.the number of alleles(A)ranging from 1.7939 to 1.9841,the effective number of alleles(Ae)ranging from 1.5416-1.6759,Shannon information index(I)ranging from 0.4548 to 0.5471.As for Torreya grandis Fort ex Lindl,genetic differentiation coefficient among 6 populations (Gst)is 0.1136. The gene flow among 6 populations(Nm)is 3.8997. The average genetic identity is 0.9174 and the average genetic distance is 0.0797. The Torreya grandis Fort ex Lindl has a high diversity and the genetic variation is mainly concentrated within populations.
3 Comparison of the two results showed that , the correlation coefficient between phenotypic diversity and Genetic diversity of different populations by AFLP is 0.9783, which proved the consistency of the two results.
1表型性状多样性分析
各性状变异系数(CV)分别为:果实长14.15%、果实宽3.95%、果实重33.92%、针叶长18.85%、针叶宽15.48%、种子长15.44%、种子宽15.77%、种子重34.71%。各表型性状的表型分化系数(Vst)平均值为10.8%,其中:果实长11.9%、果实宽19.1%、果实重0.1%、针叶长12.0%、针叶宽1.0%、种子长16.7%、种子宽14.6%、种子重10.8%。方差分析表明,群体内方差分量百分比的平均值为72.8%,大于群体间8.7%。
2香榧天然群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析
采用8对AFLP引物共获得364条清晰谱带,其中多态性条带63条。方差分析表明,在谱带频率总方差贡献中,群体内占88.86%,大于群体间11.14%。各群体多态位点百分率介于79.73%-98.41%;Nei基因多样性介于0.3096-0.3768;Shannon信息指数介于0.4548-0.5471;等位基因数介于1.7939-1.9841;有效等位基因数介于1.5416-1.6759。基因分化系数为0.1136,基因流为3.8997,遗传一致度平均值为0.9174,遗传距离平均值为0.0797。香榧天然群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传变异主要集中在群体内。
3香榧表型及AFLP分子标记比较研究发现,二者的相关系数为0.9783,具有较高的相关吻合性,证明二者揭示香榧天然群体遗传多样性结果的一致性。
Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl is evergreen arbor species,which belong to Taxaceae and Torreya.It is China′s unique high-quality dry fruit,it has high economic value. Phenotypic identification and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 92 Torreya grandis Fort ex Lindl from 6 different populations. Which can provide a scientific and rational theoretical basis for protective strategy of diversity, germplasm resources conservation and screening of superior germplams. The main results are as follows:
1 Phenotypic diversity
The CV of six groups of phenotypical traits, which are the length, width, weight of fruit and seed, the length ,width of leaf are 14.15%, 3.95%, 33.92%, 15.44%, 15.77%, 34.71%, 18.85%, 15.48%.The average of Vst among populations is 10.8%, with the length, width, weight of fruit and seed, the length ,width of leaf are 11.9%, 19.1%, 0.1%, 16.7%, 14.6%, 10.8%, 12.0%, 1.0%. Analysis of variance showed that the variance component within populations (72.8%)is sligntly greater than that of among populations(8.7%).
2 Genetic diversity of different populations by AFLP
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 92 Torreya grandis Fort ex Lindl from 6 different populations. Total of 364 locis of Torreya grandis genome were examined for molecular variation and 63 locis were polymorphic. Analysis of variance showed that the percentage of variance components was 11.14% among populations and 88.86% within populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci(P)ranging from 79.73% to 98.41%,the Nei′gene diversity(H) ranging from 0.3096 to 0.3768.the number of alleles(A)ranging from 1.7939 to 1.9841,the effective number of alleles(Ae)ranging from 1.5416-1.6759,Shannon information index(I)ranging from 0.4548 to 0.5471.As for Torreya grandis Fort ex Lindl,genetic differentiation coefficient among 6 populations (Gst)is 0.1136. The gene flow among 6 populations(Nm)is 3.8997. The average genetic identity is 0.9174 and the average genetic distance is 0.0797. The Torreya grandis Fort ex Lindl has a high diversity and the genetic variation is mainly concentrated within populations.
3 Comparison of the two results showed that , the correlation coefficient between phenotypic diversity and Genetic diversity of different populations by AFLP is 0.9783, which proved the consistency of the two results.
引文
[1]康宁,汤仲埙.榧属分类研究[J].植物研究.1995,15(3):349-362.
[2]陈振德,郑汉臣,全山从,易杨华.榧属植物的研究进展[J].国外医药:植物分册,1996,11(4):150-153.
[3]陈力耕,王辉,童品璋.香榧的主要品种及其开发价值[J].中国南方果树.2005,34(5):33-34.
[4]黎章矩,程晓建,戴文圣,曾燕如.香榧品种起源考证[J].浙江林学院学报.2005,22(4):443-448.
[5]徽州香榧联合调查组.徽州地区香榧种质资源调查[J].1992,10(1):56-61.
[6]徐小彪,李卫华,蔡祖国.香榧的发展前景与栽培利用[J].江西园艺.2004,6:49-50.
[7]任钦良.香榧生物学特性的研究[J].经济林研究.1989,7(2):56-60.
[8]李鹂,黄衡宇.湘西香榧自然资源及其保护利用[J].中国野生植物资源.2001,20(6):23-24.
[9]戴文圣,黎章矩,程晓建,俞卫武,符庆功.香榧林地土壤养分状况的调查分析[J].浙江林学院学报.2006,23(2):140-144.
[10]谢磊.香榧中蛋白氨基酸成分分析[J].食品研究与开发,2003,24(3):106-107.
[11]黎章矩,骆成方,程晓建,冯肖军,俞卫武.香榧种子成分分析及营养评价[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(5):540-544.
[12]陈振德,郑汉臣,傅秋华,周亚峰,翁益明.国产榧属植物种子油含量及其脂肪酸测定[J].中国中药杂志.1998,23(8):456-458.
[13]陈振德,谢立,许重远,郑汉臣.国产榧属植物种子氨基酸的测定[J].中药材.2000,23(8):456-458.
[14]陈振德,陈志良,侯连兵,许重远,郑汉臣.香榧子油对实验性动脉粥样硬化形成的影响[J].中药材.2000,23(9):551-553.
[15]罗士德,宁冰梅,阮得春,王慧英.红豆杉及其近缘植物中紫杉醇与同系物的高效液相分析[J].植物资源与环境.1994,3(2):31-33.
[16]张虹,陈振德,柳正良.TLC-HPLC法分析榧属植物叶中的紫杉醇[J].第二军医大学学报.2003,01:106-107.
[17]吕阳成,宋进,骆广生.香榧假种皮中紫杉醇的检定[J].中药材.2005,28(5):370-372.
[18]陈振德,李澎灏,谢立,许重远.超临界CO2流体萃取榧树假种皮挥发油化学成分的研究[J].中国药房.2003,14(9):525-526.
[19]金天大,张虹,王洪泉,陈振德,郑汉臣.日本榧叶挥发油成分分析[J].中药材.1997,20(11):563-565.
[20]张虹,王洪泉,陈振德.日本榧叶挥发油成分抗菌抗真菌作用研究[J].中国药材.2002,5(9):549.
[21]周大铮,易杨华,毛士龙,吕泰省,许强芝,汤海峰,张淑瑜,邹峥嵘.香榧假种皮的二萜类成分[J].中草药.2002,33(10):877-879.
[22]周大铮,易杨华,毛士龙,吕泰省,汤海峰,邹峥嵘,张淑瑜.香榧假种皮的木脂素成分[J].药学学报.2004,39(4):269-271.
[23]邵可满.香榧胚芽接容器育苗林下栽培技术[J].林业实用技术.2003,1:20.
[24]孙蔡江.提高香榧质量的关键在管理[J].国土绿化.2005,5:41.
[25]戴文圣,黎章矩,程晓建,俞卫武,符庆功.香榧生长习性及提高造林成活率的关键技术[J]西南林学院学报,2005,25(4):89-92.
[26]王辉,陈力耕,童品璋.香榧的适应性及其栽培技术[J].中国南方果树2005,34(60:42-44.
[27]梁淑云,丁之恩,胡文翠.安徽香榧资源概况及栽培技术[J].经济林研究.2006,24(2):59-62.
[28]丁建林,施玲玲,孙蔡江,陈秀龙,陈李红.香榧低产原因及丰产栽培技术[J].林业科技开发,2004,15(3):35-37.
[29]楼枝春,朱福星,李维松,淘命姜,谢文奎,汪惠卿.香榧绿色栽培与经营[J].林业实用技术.2006,1:36-38.
[30]曾海英.香榧栽培技术[J].特种经济动植物.2004,7:20.
[31]查际泓,何夏萍.香榧丰产栽培技术[J].安徽林业.2004,3:12.
[32]童品璋.香榧保果增产技术试验[J].林业科技开发.2004,18(5):69-70.
[33]陈秀龙,孙蔡江,丁建林,陈黄荣.使用不同农药对香榧结果的影响[J].林业科技通讯.2001,2:23-25.
[34]郭维华.香榧落果机理与保果技术研究[J].浙江林学院学报.2002,19(4):395-398.
[35]韩宁林,王东辉,韦金辉,历锋,胡文翠,蔡国尧.香榧早实丰产的栽培模式及主要技术措施[J].林业科学研究.2006,19(5):567-573.
[36]徐志宏,吾中良,陈秀龙,金国龙,郎学军,胡中成.浙江省香榧病虫害及害虫天敌种类调查[J].中国森林病虫.2005,24(1):14-19.
[37]吾中良,徐志宏,陈秀龙,金国龙,李苏萍,沈毓玲,郎学军,胡中成,陈李红.香榧病虫害种类及主要病虫害综合控制技术[J].浙江林学院学报.2005,22(5):545-552.
[38]胡祥林,朱雅芳,蔡美伟,蒋远飞.香榧主要病虫害的危害症状和防治方法[J].林业调查规划.2006,31(5)(增刊):149-150.
[39]朱永淡,陈素贞,林建平,楼英明,周慧光.香榧褐腐病的发生和控制[C].浙江省第二届林业科技展·科技与林业产业论文集.102-104.
[40]孙蔡江.香榧细菌性褐腐病的症状与防治[J].中国森林病虫.2002,5:14.
[41]胡中成,郑伟刚,陆锡其,程亚军.香榧苗木立枯病症状及防治试验[J].浙江林业科技.2005,25(1):56-58.
[42]孙蔡江,杨慧萍.香榧紫色根腐病的防治[J].浙江林业科技.2003,23(5):43-44.
[43]日诘雅博,田中隆庄.裸子植物的染色体[J].一串,1979,33(6):31-37.
[44]陈可泳.用C带方法分析三倍体香榧的染色体组[J].植物学报,1990,32(3):731-732.
[45]黄少甫,王亚琴,赵治芳,任钦良,郭钦标,顾炳贤.香榧性别的早期鉴定[J].林业科学研究,1990,29(5):127-131.
[46]管启亮,袁妙葆,俞仲硌.香榧的核型和性别的早期鉴定[J].林业科学,1993,29(5):389-392.
[47]施良,王伏雄.香榧营养苗端组织细胞分区的超微结构观察[J].植物学报,1989,31(5):343-348.
[48]胡芳名,谭晓风,李红.香榧种子胚乳DNA抽提[J].经济林研究,1999,17(4):5-8.
[49]田敏.香榧RAPD实验条件及RAPD引物筛选的研究.硕士学位毕业论文,2000,6.
[50]何德.香榧分子遗传图谱构建中DNA抽屉和AFLP实验体系的确定.硕士学位论文,2000,6
[51]郑春晖.香榧AFLP实验体系的优化.硕士学位毕业论文.2002年6月.
[52]胡芳名,张党权,乌云塔娜.香榧RAPD分析试验条件的优化[J].经济林研究,2002,20(3):5-7.
[53]黄华宏,童再康,廖望仪,毕春晖,楼雄珍.香榧雌花芽部分内源激素的HPLC分析及动态变化[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(4):390-395.
[54]胡文翠,申响保,谭晓风,王东辉,韩宁林.香榧不同部位DNA提取效果研究[J].湖南林业科技,2006,33(6):17-19.
[55]梁丹,吴勇,曾燕如,程晓建,吴淞,童再康.香榧AFLP实验体系的建立[J].福建林业科技.2007,34(2):93-96.
[56]沈浩,刘登义.遗传多样性概述[J].生物学杂志,2001,18(3):5-7.
[57] Meffe G K and Carroll C R .Principles of Conservation Biology[M].Sunderland:Sinauer Associates,1994:26.
[58]李斌.白皮松遗传多样性及其核心种质保护策略研究[D].博士论文,北京林业大学,2002.
[59]钱迎倩,马克平.生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,25-70.
[60]蒋祝成,张艳玲,胡守荣.遗传多样性研究方法初探[J].黑龙江科技信息,2003,10:102.
[61]顾兴芳,杨庆文.AFLP技术在黄瓜种质资源鉴定及分类上的应用初探[J].中国蔬菜,2000(,1):30-32.
[62]李本逊,蔡建,谭学林,徐绍中,周苏文.AFLP在水稻类群划分研究中的应用[J].种子,2001,(4):26-28.
[63] Jhy-Jhu L,Jonathan K.AFLP TM a novel PCR-based assay for plan and bacterial DNA fingerprinting. Life Technologies Inc,1995.
[64] Kardolus JP,Van Eck HJ, Vanden Berg RG.The potential for AFLPs in biosystem atics:a first application in Solanum taxonomy[J]. Plant Syst Evol,1998,210:87-103.
[65] Angiolillo A, Mencuccini M,Baldoni L. Olive genetic diversity assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism[J].Theor Appl Genet,1999,98:411-421.
[66] Qi X,Stam P.Use of locus-specific AFLP Markers to Construct a High-density Molecular Map in Barley[J].Theor Appl Genet,1998,96:376-384.
[67]宋国立,张春庆,贾继曾,王坤波,崔荣霞.棉花AFLP银染技术及品种指纹图谱应用初报[J].棉花学报,1999,11(6):281-283.
[68] Margues CM. Araujo JA, Fereira JG.AFLP genetic maps of Eucalyptus globules and E.tereticornis[J].Theor Appl Genet,1998,96:727-737.
[69]王美,张凤兰,孟祥栋,刘秀村,赵岫云.中国白菜AFLP分子遗传图谱的构建[J].华北农学报,2004,181:1-4.
[70] Cho YG, Blair MW, Panand O, Mccouch SR. Cloning ang Mapping of Variety-specific Rice Polymorphisms(AFLP)from Silver-stained polyacrylamide gel[J].Genome,1996,39:373-378.
[71] Mackill DJ,Zhang Z, Redona ED,etal. Level of polymorphism and genetic mapping of AFLP markers in rice[J].Genome,1996,3:969-977.
[72]王淑霞,胡运乾,周浙昆.灰背栎遗传多样性和遗传结构的AFLP指纹分析[J].云南植物研究,2005,27(1):49-58..
[73] Travis SE,Maschinsk J, Keim P. An analysis of genetic variation in Astragalus cremnoph-lax var.cremonophylax,a critically endangered plant,using AFLP markers[J]. Mol Ecol,1996,5:735-745.
[74] Falkenhagen E R. Multivariate classification in provenance reaearch.Silvae Genetica, 1978,27(1):14-23.
[75] Putenikhin V P. Phenotype analysis of Picea obovatain the southern Urals population structure. Lesovedenie,1997, 6:37-49.
[76] Li Peng,Beaulieu J, Bousquet J. Genetic structure and patterns of genetic variation among populations in eastern white spruce(Picea glauca).Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1997,27(2):189-1981.
[77]罗建勋,李晓清,孙鹏,黄晓江,李树全,黄春力,扬毅.云杉天然群体的表型变异[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):9-11.
[78]续九如.林木数量遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[79]张恒庆,安利佳,祖元刚.天然红松种群形态特征地理变异的研究[J],生态学报,1999,19(6):932-938.
[80] Zhang Jian-hua. Variation and allometry of seed weight in Aeschynomene Americana[J]. Annals of Botany,1998, 82: 843-847
[81] Dunn C P.Keeping taxonomy based inmorphology [J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2003, 18 (6): 270-271.
[82]李斌,顾万春,卢宝明.白皮松天然群体种实性状表型多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2002,10(2):181-188.
[83]明军,顾万春.紫丁香表型多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):199-204.
[84]王娅丽,李毅,陈晓阳.祁连山青海云杉天然群体表型性状遗传多样性分析[J].林业科学,44(2):70-77.
[85]葛颂,洪德元.濒危物种裂叶沙参及其近缘广布种泡沙参的遗传多样性研究[J].遗传学报,1999,26(4):410-417.
[86]顾万春.统计遗传学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[87] McDermot and McDonald, Ann. Rev. Phytopathol,1993,31:353-37.
[88] Wirght S .The genetic structure of populations [M].AnnEugen,1951,15 :323-35
[89]周连第.板栗种质资源遗传多样性研究[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2005.
[90] NybomH. Comparison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intra specific genetic diversity in plants[J]. Molecular Ecology,2004, 13:1143-1155
[91]王艇,苏应娟,欧阳蒲月.利用RAPD标记分析濒危植物白豆杉种群的遗传结构[J].生态学报.2006,26(7):2313-2321
[92]李建辉,金则新,李均敏.濒危植物长叶榧群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].应用生态学报.2007,18(12):2661-2667
[93] Zawko G,Krauss SL,Dixon KW,et al . Conservation genetics of the rare and endangered Leucopogon obtectus(Ericaceae)[J].Moleculer Ecology.2001,10(10):2389-2396
[94] Hamrick JL,Godt MJ. Allozyme diversity in plant species. Plant Population Genetic,Breeding, and Genetic Resources.1989,43-46
[95] SLATKINM.Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations[J].Science,1987,236:787-792
[96] Ellstrand NC, Elam DR. Population genetic consequences of population size: implications for plant co-nservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematic,1993,24:217-242
[97] ROWE G. Phylogeogrphy of the matter jack toad Bufocala mitta in Britain:genetic diferentiation of native and translocatcd populmion[J].Mol Ecol,1998,7:751-760
[2]陈振德,郑汉臣,全山从,易杨华.榧属植物的研究进展[J].国外医药:植物分册,1996,11(4):150-153.
[3]陈力耕,王辉,童品璋.香榧的主要品种及其开发价值[J].中国南方果树.2005,34(5):33-34.
[4]黎章矩,程晓建,戴文圣,曾燕如.香榧品种起源考证[J].浙江林学院学报.2005,22(4):443-448.
[5]徽州香榧联合调查组.徽州地区香榧种质资源调查[J].1992,10(1):56-61.
[6]徐小彪,李卫华,蔡祖国.香榧的发展前景与栽培利用[J].江西园艺.2004,6:49-50.
[7]任钦良.香榧生物学特性的研究[J].经济林研究.1989,7(2):56-60.
[8]李鹂,黄衡宇.湘西香榧自然资源及其保护利用[J].中国野生植物资源.2001,20(6):23-24.
[9]戴文圣,黎章矩,程晓建,俞卫武,符庆功.香榧林地土壤养分状况的调查分析[J].浙江林学院学报.2006,23(2):140-144.
[10]谢磊.香榧中蛋白氨基酸成分分析[J].食品研究与开发,2003,24(3):106-107.
[11]黎章矩,骆成方,程晓建,冯肖军,俞卫武.香榧种子成分分析及营养评价[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(5):540-544.
[12]陈振德,郑汉臣,傅秋华,周亚峰,翁益明.国产榧属植物种子油含量及其脂肪酸测定[J].中国中药杂志.1998,23(8):456-458.
[13]陈振德,谢立,许重远,郑汉臣.国产榧属植物种子氨基酸的测定[J].中药材.2000,23(8):456-458.
[14]陈振德,陈志良,侯连兵,许重远,郑汉臣.香榧子油对实验性动脉粥样硬化形成的影响[J].中药材.2000,23(9):551-553.
[15]罗士德,宁冰梅,阮得春,王慧英.红豆杉及其近缘植物中紫杉醇与同系物的高效液相分析[J].植物资源与环境.1994,3(2):31-33.
[16]张虹,陈振德,柳正良.TLC-HPLC法分析榧属植物叶中的紫杉醇[J].第二军医大学学报.2003,01:106-107.
[17]吕阳成,宋进,骆广生.香榧假种皮中紫杉醇的检定[J].中药材.2005,28(5):370-372.
[18]陈振德,李澎灏,谢立,许重远.超临界CO2流体萃取榧树假种皮挥发油化学成分的研究[J].中国药房.2003,14(9):525-526.
[19]金天大,张虹,王洪泉,陈振德,郑汉臣.日本榧叶挥发油成分分析[J].中药材.1997,20(11):563-565.
[20]张虹,王洪泉,陈振德.日本榧叶挥发油成分抗菌抗真菌作用研究[J].中国药材.2002,5(9):549.
[21]周大铮,易杨华,毛士龙,吕泰省,许强芝,汤海峰,张淑瑜,邹峥嵘.香榧假种皮的二萜类成分[J].中草药.2002,33(10):877-879.
[22]周大铮,易杨华,毛士龙,吕泰省,汤海峰,邹峥嵘,张淑瑜.香榧假种皮的木脂素成分[J].药学学报.2004,39(4):269-271.
[23]邵可满.香榧胚芽接容器育苗林下栽培技术[J].林业实用技术.2003,1:20.
[24]孙蔡江.提高香榧质量的关键在管理[J].国土绿化.2005,5:41.
[25]戴文圣,黎章矩,程晓建,俞卫武,符庆功.香榧生长习性及提高造林成活率的关键技术[J]西南林学院学报,2005,25(4):89-92.
[26]王辉,陈力耕,童品璋.香榧的适应性及其栽培技术[J].中国南方果树2005,34(60:42-44.
[27]梁淑云,丁之恩,胡文翠.安徽香榧资源概况及栽培技术[J].经济林研究.2006,24(2):59-62.
[28]丁建林,施玲玲,孙蔡江,陈秀龙,陈李红.香榧低产原因及丰产栽培技术[J].林业科技开发,2004,15(3):35-37.
[29]楼枝春,朱福星,李维松,淘命姜,谢文奎,汪惠卿.香榧绿色栽培与经营[J].林业实用技术.2006,1:36-38.
[30]曾海英.香榧栽培技术[J].特种经济动植物.2004,7:20.
[31]查际泓,何夏萍.香榧丰产栽培技术[J].安徽林业.2004,3:12.
[32]童品璋.香榧保果增产技术试验[J].林业科技开发.2004,18(5):69-70.
[33]陈秀龙,孙蔡江,丁建林,陈黄荣.使用不同农药对香榧结果的影响[J].林业科技通讯.2001,2:23-25.
[34]郭维华.香榧落果机理与保果技术研究[J].浙江林学院学报.2002,19(4):395-398.
[35]韩宁林,王东辉,韦金辉,历锋,胡文翠,蔡国尧.香榧早实丰产的栽培模式及主要技术措施[J].林业科学研究.2006,19(5):567-573.
[36]徐志宏,吾中良,陈秀龙,金国龙,郎学军,胡中成.浙江省香榧病虫害及害虫天敌种类调查[J].中国森林病虫.2005,24(1):14-19.
[37]吾中良,徐志宏,陈秀龙,金国龙,李苏萍,沈毓玲,郎学军,胡中成,陈李红.香榧病虫害种类及主要病虫害综合控制技术[J].浙江林学院学报.2005,22(5):545-552.
[38]胡祥林,朱雅芳,蔡美伟,蒋远飞.香榧主要病虫害的危害症状和防治方法[J].林业调查规划.2006,31(5)(增刊):149-150.
[39]朱永淡,陈素贞,林建平,楼英明,周慧光.香榧褐腐病的发生和控制[C].浙江省第二届林业科技展·科技与林业产业论文集.102-104.
[40]孙蔡江.香榧细菌性褐腐病的症状与防治[J].中国森林病虫.2002,5:14.
[41]胡中成,郑伟刚,陆锡其,程亚军.香榧苗木立枯病症状及防治试验[J].浙江林业科技.2005,25(1):56-58.
[42]孙蔡江,杨慧萍.香榧紫色根腐病的防治[J].浙江林业科技.2003,23(5):43-44.
[43]日诘雅博,田中隆庄.裸子植物的染色体[J].一串,1979,33(6):31-37.
[44]陈可泳.用C带方法分析三倍体香榧的染色体组[J].植物学报,1990,32(3):731-732.
[45]黄少甫,王亚琴,赵治芳,任钦良,郭钦标,顾炳贤.香榧性别的早期鉴定[J].林业科学研究,1990,29(5):127-131.
[46]管启亮,袁妙葆,俞仲硌.香榧的核型和性别的早期鉴定[J].林业科学,1993,29(5):389-392.
[47]施良,王伏雄.香榧营养苗端组织细胞分区的超微结构观察[J].植物学报,1989,31(5):343-348.
[48]胡芳名,谭晓风,李红.香榧种子胚乳DNA抽提[J].经济林研究,1999,17(4):5-8.
[49]田敏.香榧RAPD实验条件及RAPD引物筛选的研究.硕士学位毕业论文,2000,6.
[50]何德.香榧分子遗传图谱构建中DNA抽屉和AFLP实验体系的确定.硕士学位论文,2000,6
[51]郑春晖.香榧AFLP实验体系的优化.硕士学位毕业论文.2002年6月.
[52]胡芳名,张党权,乌云塔娜.香榧RAPD分析试验条件的优化[J].经济林研究,2002,20(3):5-7.
[53]黄华宏,童再康,廖望仪,毕春晖,楼雄珍.香榧雌花芽部分内源激素的HPLC分析及动态变化[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(4):390-395.
[54]胡文翠,申响保,谭晓风,王东辉,韩宁林.香榧不同部位DNA提取效果研究[J].湖南林业科技,2006,33(6):17-19.
[55]梁丹,吴勇,曾燕如,程晓建,吴淞,童再康.香榧AFLP实验体系的建立[J].福建林业科技.2007,34(2):93-96.
[56]沈浩,刘登义.遗传多样性概述[J].生物学杂志,2001,18(3):5-7.
[57] Meffe G K and Carroll C R .Principles of Conservation Biology[M].Sunderland:Sinauer Associates,1994:26.
[58]李斌.白皮松遗传多样性及其核心种质保护策略研究[D].博士论文,北京林业大学,2002.
[59]钱迎倩,马克平.生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,25-70.
[60]蒋祝成,张艳玲,胡守荣.遗传多样性研究方法初探[J].黑龙江科技信息,2003,10:102.
[61]顾兴芳,杨庆文.AFLP技术在黄瓜种质资源鉴定及分类上的应用初探[J].中国蔬菜,2000(,1):30-32.
[62]李本逊,蔡建,谭学林,徐绍中,周苏文.AFLP在水稻类群划分研究中的应用[J].种子,2001,(4):26-28.
[63] Jhy-Jhu L,Jonathan K.AFLP TM a novel PCR-based assay for plan and bacterial DNA fingerprinting. Life Technologies Inc,1995.
[64] Kardolus JP,Van Eck HJ, Vanden Berg RG.The potential for AFLPs in biosystem atics:a first application in Solanum taxonomy[J]. Plant Syst Evol,1998,210:87-103.
[65] Angiolillo A, Mencuccini M,Baldoni L. Olive genetic diversity assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism[J].Theor Appl Genet,1999,98:411-421.
[66] Qi X,Stam P.Use of locus-specific AFLP Markers to Construct a High-density Molecular Map in Barley[J].Theor Appl Genet,1998,96:376-384.
[67]宋国立,张春庆,贾继曾,王坤波,崔荣霞.棉花AFLP银染技术及品种指纹图谱应用初报[J].棉花学报,1999,11(6):281-283.
[68] Margues CM. Araujo JA, Fereira JG.AFLP genetic maps of Eucalyptus globules and E.tereticornis[J].Theor Appl Genet,1998,96:727-737.
[69]王美,张凤兰,孟祥栋,刘秀村,赵岫云.中国白菜AFLP分子遗传图谱的构建[J].华北农学报,2004,181:1-4.
[70] Cho YG, Blair MW, Panand O, Mccouch SR. Cloning ang Mapping of Variety-specific Rice Polymorphisms(AFLP)from Silver-stained polyacrylamide gel[J].Genome,1996,39:373-378.
[71] Mackill DJ,Zhang Z, Redona ED,etal. Level of polymorphism and genetic mapping of AFLP markers in rice[J].Genome,1996,3:969-977.
[72]王淑霞,胡运乾,周浙昆.灰背栎遗传多样性和遗传结构的AFLP指纹分析[J].云南植物研究,2005,27(1):49-58..
[73] Travis SE,Maschinsk J, Keim P. An analysis of genetic variation in Astragalus cremnoph-lax var.cremonophylax,a critically endangered plant,using AFLP markers[J]. Mol Ecol,1996,5:735-745.
[74] Falkenhagen E R. Multivariate classification in provenance reaearch.Silvae Genetica, 1978,27(1):14-23.
[75] Putenikhin V P. Phenotype analysis of Picea obovatain the southern Urals population structure. Lesovedenie,1997, 6:37-49.
[76] Li Peng,Beaulieu J, Bousquet J. Genetic structure and patterns of genetic variation among populations in eastern white spruce(Picea glauca).Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1997,27(2):189-1981.
[77]罗建勋,李晓清,孙鹏,黄晓江,李树全,黄春力,扬毅.云杉天然群体的表型变异[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):9-11.
[78]续九如.林木数量遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[79]张恒庆,安利佳,祖元刚.天然红松种群形态特征地理变异的研究[J],生态学报,1999,19(6):932-938.
[80] Zhang Jian-hua. Variation and allometry of seed weight in Aeschynomene Americana[J]. Annals of Botany,1998, 82: 843-847
[81] Dunn C P.Keeping taxonomy based inmorphology [J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2003, 18 (6): 270-271.
[82]李斌,顾万春,卢宝明.白皮松天然群体种实性状表型多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2002,10(2):181-188.
[83]明军,顾万春.紫丁香表型多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):199-204.
[84]王娅丽,李毅,陈晓阳.祁连山青海云杉天然群体表型性状遗传多样性分析[J].林业科学,44(2):70-77.
[85]葛颂,洪德元.濒危物种裂叶沙参及其近缘广布种泡沙参的遗传多样性研究[J].遗传学报,1999,26(4):410-417.
[86]顾万春.统计遗传学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[87] McDermot and McDonald, Ann. Rev. Phytopathol,1993,31:353-37.
[88] Wirght S .The genetic structure of populations [M].AnnEugen,1951,15 :323-35
[89]周连第.板栗种质资源遗传多样性研究[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2005.
[90] NybomH. Comparison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intra specific genetic diversity in plants[J]. Molecular Ecology,2004, 13:1143-1155
[91]王艇,苏应娟,欧阳蒲月.利用RAPD标记分析濒危植物白豆杉种群的遗传结构[J].生态学报.2006,26(7):2313-2321
[92]李建辉,金则新,李均敏.濒危植物长叶榧群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].应用生态学报.2007,18(12):2661-2667
[93] Zawko G,Krauss SL,Dixon KW,et al . Conservation genetics of the rare and endangered Leucopogon obtectus(Ericaceae)[J].Moleculer Ecology.2001,10(10):2389-2396
[94] Hamrick JL,Godt MJ. Allozyme diversity in plant species. Plant Population Genetic,Breeding, and Genetic Resources.1989,43-46
[95] SLATKINM.Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations[J].Science,1987,236:787-792
[96] Ellstrand NC, Elam DR. Population genetic consequences of population size: implications for plant co-nservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematic,1993,24:217-242
[97] ROWE G. Phylogeogrphy of the matter jack toad Bufocala mitta in Britain:genetic diferentiation of native and translocatcd populmion[J].Mol Ecol,1998,7:751-760