青海省铜地球化学特征及其资源定量预测
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摘要
青海省矿产资源储量丰富,是一个矿产资源大省,地球化学找矿还是本省地质找矿主要手段。30年来,圈出500多处地球化学综合异常,6000多处单元素异常,为青海地质找矿作出重大贡献。
     论文以成矿成晕地质、地球化学理论为指导,通过区域化探成果二次整理开发,以青海省已有的1:20万(1:50万)区域地球化学调查数据为主,综合利用1:5万-1:1万中大比例尺化探资料。以现代信息技术为手段,系统总结和分析全省区域地球化特征,对区重要地质成矿的地球化学表现进行研究;研究总结典型矿田(床)的异常特征,建立成矿带(矿田)区域地球化学找矿模式;对青海省铜资源量地球化学定量预测;并为其它矿种矿产资源定量预测提供方法支撑。
     研究表明,在数据校正的基础上,用4×4网格化数据集同大窗口移动平均(搜索半径49km,步长4km)拟合的背景数据集的比值(衬值),制作集背景与异常于一身的各元素(化合物)衬值地球化学图,作为其高低端异常捡出和多元素(异常)信息量图制作、综合异常图制作的基础;由于这种做法可以有效避开人为的子区划分带来的诸多麻烦,保留自然过渡的标准化状态,使用效果良好,是合理可行的。
     通过以34个元素为基数制作综合异常图进而识别综合异常。经过空间认定、特征组合捡出、综合研究基础上的找矿意义分类三个步骤。这种异常研究与编图方法是比较严谨的,对各异常的定性定量预测是有益的,不同人员操作结果的重现性较高,成果使用者欢迎。青海省认定综合异常517个,划出来16个异常区(带),清晰的表明了青海省区域地球化学场变化趋势。
     详细研究了铜异常分布、分带特征,并结合地质成矿背景、成矿类型将铜异常分为17个重点区(带)分别进行探讨,划定铜矿远景区48个,找矿靶区99个;对靶区远景区进行地球化学分析和预测,同时还兼顾了其它矿种异常分析。
     通过典型矿床地球化学分析,首次建立青海省不同类型铜矿区域地球化学找矿及预测模型,并以模型为基础,将全省划分为138个预测区,预测铜资源量达2700万吨。进一步指明在青海三江北段寻找斑岩型铜矿、在青海东昆仑、北祁连寻找海相火山岩型铜矿的前景。
     提供一套地球化学定量预测方法及流程。以特征组合、相似系数为主要依据圈定量预测区,以面金属量法和类比法估算资源量。充分考虑地球化学异常的重要性,有效避免了多元信息综合预测中人为因素过重的影响,
     此外,论文还对定量预测和定性预测优劣进行对比,认为地球化学定量预测是定性预测有效补充,定量预测方法技术是建立在定性预测的基础上,以提取的标型组合利用计算机在全域检索同一地质背景下某类成矿区段,比人为划分靶区和远景区要科学,且工作强度要小很多。
     论文在研究和系统总结成矿规律的基础上,根据本次研究成果及区内找矿取得的新进展,从地球化学找铜矿等方面提出了一些新的找矿思路和建议。
Qinghai province, as a big province of mineral resources, has rich mineral deposits.Geochemical prospecting is still the main prospecting method in this province. In the past30years, over500geochemical comprehensive anomalies, and more than6000single elementanomalies were marked off through geochemical prospecting. Therefore, geochemicalprospecting made a significant contribution to geological prospecting in Qinghai province.
     This paper is based on the mineralization and halo of geology, geochemistry theory,using the regional geochemical anomaly achievements to develop the second collation andexploitation. The data of this paper are based upon the1:2000000(1:5000000) regionalgeochemical investigation data of Qinghai province. At the same time, the medium-large scalegeochemical investigation map (1:50000-1:10000) are also multipurpose used. The aims ofthis paper are as following:1) Summarizing and analyzing systematically the characteristicof the whole province regional geochemical with the modern information technology, andresearching the important geochemical anomaly of mineralization in regional;2) Summarizingand researching the anomaly characteristic of the typical deposit, furthermore, building thegeochemical exploration model of the metallogenic zone;3) Quantitatively forecasting thegeochemical of the copper resources in Qinghai province;4) supplying the quantitativeforecaster technique for the other mineral resources.
     Through the research we can use the4*4meshed data and big Windows moving toequally fit the ratio of the data set background which base on the data rectification, then, tomake a geochemical map which include the set background and anomaly of all the elementratio as the basis to detect the high and the low anomaly, make the map show theelements(anomaly) information and comprehensive anomaly at the same time; This methodcan avoid many trouble from the subregion-divide by man-made, keeping the standardizationstate of the natural transition. That means, the effect is nice, and to use this method isreasonable.
     The comprehensive anomaly can be distinguished by comprehensive anomaly mapwhich made on the basis of the34elements as the base. We divided this process into threesteps: determinate in space, pick out the feature combination, and classify the prospectingsignificance based on the comprehensive study. This anormaly-study and mapping isrelatively rigorous. It is useful for the qualitative and quantitative prediction of abnormalities.The reproducibility of results was relatively high, and the results are good.517comprehensive anomalies were recognized and16abnormal zone (belt) were rowed out inQinghai Province. This map clearly showed the regional geochemical change trend in Qinghai province.
     Combined with the geological backgrounds and matellogenic types in study area, theanomaly field of copper was typed into17main ore areas (belts), who have48prospectingareas and99target areas. We also considered other anomaly geochemical factors when weanalyzed the target areas.
     This paper made a contribution on setting different kinds of copper geochemicalprospecting models in different area of Qinghai province. According to these models, we putout138prospecting areas and they contain more than2,700tons of copper. This result putslight on searching porphyry copper deposits in Eastern Kunlun, also, marine volcanic copperdeposits in northern part of Sanjiang area and southern part of Qilian Mountain.
     The paper provides the methods and procedure systemically that can be used to predictgeochemical quantitatively. By analyzing the feature combination and similarity coefficient,we can separate the prospective areas; while by analyzing the areal productivity toquantification and analogy method, we can estimate the quantity of resource. In order to avoidthe artificial reasons may inflect the prediction, our method owns the full consideration ofgeochemical anomalies.
     By comparing the characteristics of quantitative prediction with qualitative prediction,we found that geochemical qualitative prediction is an effective supplement of qualitativeprediction, while the qualitative prediction is based on the qualitative prediction. Themethod that quantitative prediction uses to separate the prospective areas and target areas issearching the same kind of mining zones who has the same kind of characteristics group byusing computer in the whole area. The geochemical quantitative prediction seems morereliable on the separation of target areas than artificial separation.
     According to the study on the metallogenic regularity in our studied area, this paper hasput forward some new prospecting strategy and suggestions. Also, there had been a bigprogress on further ore prospecting.
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