摘要
本文依据插层组装理论,以层状双氢氧化物(Layered double hydroxides,LDHs)为主体,3-磺酸基苯胺(ANIS)和3-羧基噻吩(THC)两种可溶性导电聚合物单体为客体,采用原位聚合技术合成了聚磺酸基苯胺(PANIS)插层LDHs、聚羧基噻吩(PTHC)插层LDHs。对插层LDHs的超分子结构、聚合物单体在LDHs限域空间内的聚合机理、LDHs主体在层间聚合反应中的作用及其影响规律进行了系统而深入地研究,并探讨了此类插层材料在光、电、催化领域及制备导电聚合物齐聚物等方面的潜在应用前景。
采用XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis、TG-DTA-MS、in situ HT-XRD、MAS NMR及XPS等表征方法,建立了两种导电聚合物单体插层LDHs的超分子结构模型。ANIS插层LDHs的层间客体以双层交错式的定位方式排列于主体层板间,层间空隙由交换前体中的硝酸根和水分子填充,形成稳定的超分子结构。THC插层LDHs的层间客体以双层排列方式定位于主体层间,水分子位于层间空隙,形成稳定的超分子结构。
用外加氧化剂法成功实现了ANIS单体在LDHs层间的可控聚合。氧化剂中过硫酸根离子通过置换共插层的硝酸根离子进入LDHs层间,氧化层间单体聚合。层间单体的聚合方式为1和4位的首尾聚合。聚合产物氧化度与质子化率随氧化剂加入量的增加而升高。
Based on the conception of intercalation chemistry, polyaniline sulfonic (PANIS)-intercalated LDHs and polythiophene-3-carboxylie
(PTHC)-intercalated LDHs have been successfully synthesized by using in situ polymerization technique. The supramolecular structure, the mechanism for the interlayer polymerization as well as the relationship between the host (LDHs) and guest (polymeric monomers or polymers) in each interlayer polymerization have been systematically investigated. The results suggest potential applications of these intercalated materials in the fields of photochromic materials, electrochemistry and catalysis. The polymerization of polymeric monomers in the restricted environment between LDHs sheets opens new opportunities for further research in chemical reactions in inorganic hybrids at the nanoscale and for their use in preparation of conductive oligomers.
Characterizations by the use of XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TEM, TG-DTA-MS, in situ HT-XRD and XPS techniques confirm the supramolecular structure of
引文
[1] Rives V. Layered double hydroxides: Present and Future, 1st edition[M]. New York, Nova Science Publishers, 2001
[2] Constantino V R L, Pinnavaia T J. Structure-reactivity relationships for basic catalysts derived from a Mg~(2+) /Al~(3+) /CO_3~(2-) layered double hydroxide[J]. Catal. Lett., 1994, 23: 361-368
[3] Cavani F, Trifiro F, Vaccari A. Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: preparation, properties and application[J]. Catal. Today, 1991, 11:173-301
[4] Reichle W T. Anionic clay minerals[J]. Chemtech, 1986, 6:58-63
[5] Vaccari A. Clays and catalysis: A promising future[J]. Appl. Clay Sci., 1999, 14:161-198
[6] Chibwe K, Jones W, Intercalation of organic and inorganic anions into layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Conmmn., 1989, 14:926-927
[7] Velu S, Ramaswamy V, Sivasanker S. New hydrotalcite-like anionic containing Zr~(4+) in the layers[J]. Chem. Commun., 1997, 21:2107-2108
[8] Velu S, Suzuki K, Osaki T, Ohashi F, Tomura S, Synthesis of new Sn incorporated layered double hydroxides and their evolution to mixed oxides[J]. Mater. Res. Bull., 1999, 34: 1707-1717
[9] Zeng H C, Xu Z P, Qian M. Synthesis of Non-Al-Containing Hydrotalcite-like Compound Mg_(0. 3) Co~Ⅱ_(0. 6) Co_Ⅲ_(0. 2) (OH)_2(NO_3)_(0. 2) ·H_2O[J]. Chem. Mater., 1998, 10:2277-2283
[10] Fernández J M, Barriga C, Ulibarri M A, Labajos F M, Rives V, Preparation and thermal stability of manganese-containing hydrotalcite[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4:1117-1121
[11] 刘俊杰,李峰,Evans D G段雪.由Mg-Fe(Ⅱ)-Fe(Ⅲ) LDHs层状前体制备MgFe_2O_4尖晶石的研究[J].化学学报,2003,61:51-57
[12] 冯拥军,李殿卿,李春喜,王子镐,Evans D G.,段雪.Cu-Ni-Mg-Al-CO_3四元LDHs的合成及结构分析[J].化学学报,2003:61,78-83.
[13] Brindley G W, Kikkawa S. Thermal behavior of hydrotalcite and of anion-exchanged forms of hydrotalcite[J]. Clays Clay Miner., 1980, 28:87-91
[14] Genin J M R, Bourrie G, Trolard F. Thermodynamic equilibria in aqueous suspensions of synthetic and natural Fe(Ⅱ)-Fe(Ⅲ) green rests: Occurrences of the mineral in hydromorphic soils[J]. Environ. Sci. Techmol., 1998, 32:1058-1068
[15] Baltpurvins K A, Burns R C. Lawrance G. A, Effect of Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), and anion type on the on(Ⅲ) hydroxide precipitates[J]. Environ. Sci. Techmol., 1997, 31:1024-1032
[16] Stecher H, Hermetter A, Faber K. Mandelate racemase assayed by polarimetry[J]. Biotechnology Tech., 1998, 12:257-261
[17] Oriakh C O, Farr I. V, Lerner M M. Incorporation of poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinylsulfonate) and poly(styrenesulfonate) within layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1996, 6:103-107
[18] 孙幼松,矫庆泽,赵芸,Evans D.G,段雪.己二酸柱撑水滑石的制备及表征[J].无机化学学报,2001,17:414-418
[19] Nijs H, Clearfield A., Vansant E F. The intercalation of phenylphosphonic acid in layered double hydroxides[J]. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 1998, 23:97-108
[20] Zhao H T, Vance G. F. Intercalation of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin into??magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide[J]. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton. Trans., 1997, 11:1961-1966
[21] Moujahid E M, Besse J P, Leroux F. Synthesis and characterization of a polystyrene sulfonate layered double hydroxide nanocomposite In-situ polymerization vs. polymer incorporation[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2002, 12:3324-3330
[22] Bhattacharyya A, Hall D B. Novel oligovanadate-pillared hydrotalcite[J]. Appl. Clay. Sci., 1995, 10:57-67
[23] Bhattacharyya A, Hall D B. New triborate-pillared hydrotalcite[J]. Inorg Chem, 1992, 31: 3689-3670
[24] Martin K J, Pinnavaia T J. Layered double hydroxides as supported anionic reagents. Halide-ion reactivity in zinc chromium hexahydroxide halide hydrates[Zn_2Cr(OH)_6X·nH_2O](X=Cl, I)[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108:541-542
[25] Dimotakis E D, Pinnavaia T J. Route to layered double hydroxides intercalated by organic anions: precursors to polyoxometalate-pillared derivatives[J], Inorg. Chem., 1990, 29: 2393-2394
[26] Chibwe K, Jones W. Synthesis of polyoxometalate pillared layered double hydroxides via calcined precursors[J]. Chem. Mater., 1989, 1:489-490
[27] Giannelis E P, Nocera D G, Pinnavaia T J. Anionic photocatalysts supported in layered double hydroxides-intercalation and photophysical properties of a ruthenium complex anion in synthetic hydrotalcite[J]. Inorg. Chem., 1987, 26:203-205
[28] Itaya K, Chang H C, Uchida I. Anion-exchanged hydrotalcite-like-clay-modified electrodes[J]. Inorg. Chem., 1987, 26:624-626
[29] Lopez-Salinas E, Ono Y. Intercalation chemistry of a MgAl layered double hydroxide ion-exchanged with complex MCl~(2-)_4(M=Ni, Co) ions from organic media[J]. Microp. Mater., 1993, 1:33-42
[30] Narita E, Kaviratna P, Pinnavaia T J. Synthesis of heteropolyoxometalate pillared layered double hydroxides via calcined zinc-aluminum oxide precursors[J]. Chem. Lett., 1991, 5: 805-808
[31] Kwon T, Pinnavaia T J. Pillaring of a layered double hydroxide by polyoxometalates with Keggin-ion structures[J]. Chem. Mater., 1989, 1:381-383
[32] Ulibarri M A, Labajos F M, Rives V, Trujillano R, Kagunga W, Jones W. Comparative-study of the synthesis and properties of vanadate-exchanged layered double hydroxides[J]. Inorg. Chem., 1994, 33:2592-2599
[33] 孟锦宏,张慧,D G,段雪.超分子结构草甘膦插层LDHs的组装及结构研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2003,7:1315-1319
[34] Zhao Y, Li F, Zhang R, Evans D G, Duan X, Preparation of layered double-hydroxide nanomaterials with a uniform crystallite size using a new method involving separate nucleation and aging steps[J]. Chem. Mater., 2002, 14:4286-4291
[35] Miyata S. Anion-exchange properties of hydrotalcite-like compounds[J]. Clays Clay Miner., 1983, 31:305-312
[36] 杜以波,段雪,阴离子型层柱材料研究进展[J].化学通报,2000,5:20-24
[37] 贾林艳.层状及层柱结构材料一步法催化合成醇醚醋酸酯[D].北京:北京化工大学硕士研究生学位论文,1998
[38] Bone K S, Ph. D. Development and Characterization of the Interlayer Chemistry of??Layered Double Hydroxides[R]. Univ. of Exeter, June, 1995
[39] Bellotto M, Rebours B, Clause O, Lynch J, Bazin D, Elkaim E. Hydrotalcite decomposition mechanism: a clue to the structure and reactivity of spinel-like mixed oxides[J]. J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100: 8535-8542
[40] Dimotakis E D, Pinnavaia T J. New route to layered double hydroxides intercalated by organic-anions-precursors to polyoxometalate-pillared derivatives[J]. Inorg. Chem., 1990, 29: 2393-2394
[41] Reichle W T. Catalytic reactions by thermally activated, synthetic anionic clay minerals[J]. J. Catal., 1985, 94: 547-557
[42] Kanezaki E. Thermal behavior of the hydrotalcite-like layered structure of Mg and Al-layered double hydroxides with interlayer carbonate by means of in situ powder HTXRD and DTA/TG[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1998, 106: 279-284
[43] Feitknecht W, Gerber W. Double hydroxides and basic double salts (III) Mg-Al double hydroxides[J]. Helv. Chim. Acta. Ibid., 1942,25: 131-137
[44] Fornasari G, Gazzzano M, Matteuzzi D, Trifro F, Vaccari A. Structure and reactivity of high-surface-area Ni/Mg/Al mixed oxides[J]. Appl. Clay Sci., 1995, 10: 69-82
[45] Constantino V R L, Pinnavaia T J. Basic properties of Mg~(2+)_(1-x)Al~(3+)_x layered double hydroxides intercalated by carbonate, hydroxide, chloride, and sulfate anions[J]. Inorg. Chem., 1995,34: 883-892
[46] Millange F, Walton R I, O'Hare D, Time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction study of the liquid-phase reconstruction of Mg-Al-carbonate hydrotalcite-like compounds[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2000, 10:1713-1720
[47] Aramendia M A, Aviles Y, Vorau V. Thermal decomposition of Mg/Al and Mg/Ga layered double hydroxides: a spectroscopic study[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1999, 9: 1603-1607
[48] Reichle W T, Kang S Y, Everhardt D S. The nature of the thermal decomposition of a catalytically active anionic clay mineral[J]. J. Catal., 1986, 101: 352-359
[49] Han S H, Zhang C G, Hou W G, Sun D J, Wang G T. Study on the preparation and structure of positive sol composed of mixed metal hydroxide[J]. Colloid. Poly. Sci., 1996, 274: 860-865
[50] Shen J, Guang B, Tu M, Chen Y. Preparation and characterization of Fe-MgO catalysts obtained from hydrotalcite-like compounds[J]. Catal. Today, 1996,30: 77-82
[51] Rebours B, D'Espinosa de la, Caillerie J B, Clause O. Decoration of nickel and magnesium oxide crystallites with spinel-type phase[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1994, 116: 1707-1717
[52] Kloprogge J T, Frost R L. Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopic study of the local strucuture of Mg-, Ni-, and Co-hydrotalcites[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 1999, 146: 506-515
[53] Clause O, Coelho M G, Gazzano M. Synthesis and thermal reactivity of nickel-containing anionic clays[J]. Appl. Clay Sci., 1993, 8: 169-186
[54] Malherbe F, Forano C, Besse J P. Use of organic media to modify the surface and porosity properties of hydrotalcite-like compounds[J]. Microp. Mater., 1997, 10: 67-84
[55] Bellotto M, Rebours B, Clause O, Lynch J, Bazin D, Elkaim E. Hydrotalcite decomposition mechanism: a clue to the structure and reactivity of spinel-like mixed oxides[J]. J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100: 8535-8542[56] Corma A, Fornes V, Martin-Aranda R M, Rey F. Determination of base properties of hydrotalcites: condensation of benzaldihyde with ethyl acetoacetate[J]. J. Catal., 1992, 134:58-65
[57] Hibino T, Yamashita Y, Kosuge K, Tsunashima A. Decarbonation behavior of Mg-Al-CO_3 hydrotalcite-like compounds during heat treatment[J]. Clays Clay Miner., 1995, 43: 427-432
[58] Yun S K, Pinnavaia T J. Water content and particle texture of synthetic hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides[J]. Chem. Mater., 1995, 7:348-354
[59] 张慧,齐荣,刘丽娜,段雪.镁铁双羟基复合金属氧化物的可控合成及晶面生长特征研究[J].化学物理学报,2003,16:45-50
[60] 任玲玲,李峰,何静,段雪.镁锌铝三元LDHs的合成与结构分析[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29:77-79
[61] 杜以波.插层化学和层柱化合物的结构与性能研究[D].北京:北京化工大学硕士研究生学位论文,1997
[62] 赵芸,矫庆泽,李峰,Evans,D G,段雪.非平衡晶化控制LDHs晶粒尺寸[J].无机化学学报,2001,17:830-834
[63] Miyata S. Physico-chemical properties of synthetic hydrotalcites in relation to composition[J]. Clays Clay Miner., 1980, 28:50-55
[64] Rocha J, del Arco M, Rives V, Ulibarri M A. Reconstruction of layered double hydroxides from calcined precursors: a powder XRD and ~(27) Al MAS NMR study[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1999, 9:2499-2507
[65] Messersmith P B, Stupp S I. Synthesis of nanocomposites: organoceramics[J]. J. Mater. Res., 1992, 7:2599-2611
[66] Tetsuya S, Shinsuke Y, Katsuhiko T. Photopolymerization of 4-vinylbenzoate and m-and p-phenylenediacrylates in hydrotalcite interlayers[J]. Supermolecular Sci., 1998, 5: 303-308
[67] Li L, Luo Q S, Duan X, Clean route for the synthesis of hydrotalcites and their property of selective intercalation with benzenedicarboxylate anions[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2002, 21: 439-440
[68] Oriakhi C O, Farr I V, Lerner M M. Thermal characterization of poly(styrene sulfonate) /layered double hydroxide nanocomposites[J]. Clays Clay Miner., 1997, 45: 194-206
[69] Carlino S, Hudson M J, Husain S W, Knowles J A. The reaction of molten phenylphosphonic acid with a layered double hydroxide and its calcined oxide[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1996, 84:117-129
[70] Prinetto F, Ghiotti G., Graffin P, Tichit D. Synthesis and characterization of sol-gel Mg/Al and Ni/Al layered double hydroxides and comparison with co-precipitated samples[J]. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2000, 39:229-247
[71] Pausch I, Lohse H H, Schurmann K, Allmann R. Synthesis of disordered and Al-rich hydrotalcite-like compounds[J]. Clays Clay Miner., 1986, 34:507-510
[72] Roy D M, Roy R, Osborn E F. The system MgO-Al_2O_3-H_2O and influence of carbonate and nitrate ions on the phase equilibria[J]. Am. J. Sci., 1953, 251: 337-361
[73] Mascolo G, Marino O. A new synthesis and characterization of magnesium aluminum hydroxides[J]. Mineral. Mag., 1980, 43:619-621[74] 谢晖,矫庆泽,段雪.镁铝型LDHs水热合成[J].应用化学,2001,18:70-72
[75] Miyata S, Anabuki H. Hydrothermally treated product of compound having hydrotalcite-like crystal structure composition thereof, and use thereof[P]. US Patent, WO 4629626. 1986
[76] Takahashi H, Okada, A. Hydrotalcite compound, process for producing the same, and agricultural film containing the same[P]. US Patent, WO 6418661. 2002
[77] 杨良准,杜立芬,单伟伟,曹锋雷,张桂兴.环己醇脱氢铜镁铝类LDHs催化剂制备方法与活性[J].中南民族学院学报(自然科学版),2000,19:51-55
[78] 谢鲜梅.层状化合物镍铝LDHs的制备和表征[J].无机化学学报,2000,16:43-46.
[79] 杜以波,何静,李峰,Evans,D.G.,段雪,王作新.LDHs及拄撑LDHs的制备和表征[J].北京化工大学学报,1997,24:76-88
[80] 卫敏,何静,李峰,Evans,D.G.,段雪.TPPTS拄撑LDHs的制备及表征[J].石油学报,1999,15:71-79
[81] 华瑞年,瞿伦玉,龚剑,李宝利,郭军.硅钨系列三元杂多阴离子拄撑阴离子的合成及表征[J].无机化学学报,1997,13:101-107
[82] Fudala A, Pálinkó I, Kiricsi I. Preparation and characterization of hybrid organic-inorganic composite materials using the amphoteric property of amino acids: amino acid intercalated layered double hydroxide and montmorillonite[J], lnorg. Chem., 1999, 38:4653-4659
[83] Chisem I. C, Jones W, Martin I, Martin C, Rives V. Probing the surface acidity of lithium aluminium and magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1998, 8:1917-1925
[84] 孙幼松,矫庆泽,赵芸.己二酸柱撑LDHs的制备及表征[J].无机化学学报,2001,17:414-418
[85] 孙幼松,矫庆泽,赵芸,Evans D G,段雪.对苯二甲酸柱撑LDHs的插层组装及其结构特征[J].应用化学,2001,18:781-784
[86] 李殿清,冯桃,Evans D G,段雪.有机阴离子柱撑LDHs的插层结构组装及超分子结构[J].过程工程学报,2002,2:355-360
[87] Delmas C, Borthomieu Y. Chimie Douce reaction: A new route to obtain well crystallized layer double hydroxides[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 1993, 104:345-352
[88] 郭军,孙铁,沈剑平,刘继广,蒋大振,闵恩泽.Keggin结构磷钨钒杂多阴离子柱撑LDHs的合成、表征与热稳定性研究[J].无机化学学报,1995,11:134-139
[89] Huai B H, Chuh Y C. Preparation and properties of LDHs/polyimide nanocomposites[J]. Polymer, 2003, 44:1151-1161
[90] Huai B H, Chuh Y C. Preparation and properties of LDHs/epoxy nanocomposites[J]. Polymer, 2003, 44:5275-5283
[91] Hussein M Z B, Zainal Z, Ming C Y. Microwave-assisted synthesis of Zn-Al layered double hydroxide-sodium dodecyl sulfate nanocomposite[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2000, 19: 879-883
[92] Carlino S. The intercalation of carboxylic acids info layered double hydroxides: A critical evaluation and review of the different methods[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1997, 98:73-84
[93] Morel-Desrosiers N, Pisson I, Israeli Y. Intercalation of dicaxhoxylate anions into a Zn-Al-Cl layered double hydroxide: Microcalorimetric determination of the enthalpies of anion exchange[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2003, 13(10) : 2582-2585
[94] Choy J H, Yiwalc S Y, Park J S. Cellular uptake behavior of[gamma-~(32) P] labeled??ATP-LDHs nanohybxids[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2001, 11:1671-1674
[95] O'Leary S, O'Hare D, Seeley G. Dclamination of layered double hydroxides in polar monomers: New LDHs-acrylate nanocomposites[J]. Chem. Commun., 2002, 14: 1506-1507
[96] Prevot V, Forano C, Besse J P. Syntheses and thermal and chemical behaviors of tartrate and succinate intercalated Zn_3Al and Zn_2Cr layered double hydroxides[J]. Inorg. Chem., 1998, 37:1293-4391
[97] Aramendia M A, Borau V, Jiméncz G. Epoxidation of Limonene over hydrotalcite-like compounds with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of nitriles[J]. Appl. Catal. A: General, 2001, 216:257-265
[98] Dimotakis E D, Pinnavaia T J. New route to layered double hydroxide intercalated by organic-anions: Precursors to polyoxometalate pillared derivatives[J], Inorg. Chem., 1990, 29(13) : 2393-2394
[99] Tagaya H, Sato S, Kuwahara T. Photoisomerization of indolinespirobenzopyran in anionic clay matrices of layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4(12) : 1907-1912
[100] Morioka H, Tagaya H, Karasu M. Preparation of New Useful Materials by Surface Modification of Inorganic Layered Compound[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 1995, 117: 337-342
[101] Tagaya H, Ogata S, Morioka H. New preparation method for surface-modified inorganic layered compounds[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1996, 6(7) : 1235-1237
[102] 万梅香.导电高分子[J].高分子通报,1999,3:47-53.
[103] 朱道本,王佛松.导电高分子[M].上海:上海科学出版社,1999
[104] 范俊华,万梅香,朱道本.可溶性导电聚苯胺的研究进展[J].高分子通报,1997,1:22.
[105] Huang W S, Macdiarmid A G. Optical properties of polyaniline[J]. Polymer, 1973, 34(9) : 1833-1844
[106] 张桂萍,龚克成.聚苯胺的结构与性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,1993,3:7-15.
[107] 余晴春,吴益华,陆珉.导电聚苯胺的乳液聚合[J].功能材料,1999,30:214-215
[108] 马永梅,谢洪泉,王松林.沉淀聚合制备磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺[J].高等学校化学学报,1998,19:1171-1174
[109] Yong D, Anne B P. Chemical trapping experiments support a cation-radical mechanism for the oxidative polymerization of aniline[J]. J. Poly. Sci., 1999, 37:2549-2569
[110] 王利祥,王佛松.导电聚合物聚苯胺的研究进展[J].应用化学,1990,7(5):1-10
[111] 杨刚,侯文华,郭宪吉,颜其洁,陈懿,陈静.无机层状纳米材料与聚苯胺的复合研究[J].无机化学学报,2003,19:561-568
[112] Wu C G, Liu Y C, Hsu S S. Assembly of conducting polymer/metal oxide multilayer in one step[J]. Synt. Met., 1999, 102:1268-1269
[113] Chen S A, Hwang G W. Water-Soluble Self-Acid-Doped Conducting Polyaniline: Structure and Properties[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117:10055-10062
[114] Lira C M, Gomez R P. Synthesis and Characterization of Intercalate Phases in the Organic-Inorganic Polyaniline/V_2O_5 System[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 1999, 147:601-608
[115] Leroux F, Goward G R, Power W P, Narar L F. Electrochemical Li Insertion into Conductive Polymer/V_2O_5 Nanocomposites[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1997, 144: 3886-3895
[116] Lira C M, Gomez R P. organic/inorganic nanacomposites[J]. Inorg. Mater., 1999, 1:??111-118
[117] Nam G P, Kwang S R, Yong J P. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of V_2O_5 intercalated with binary polymers[J]. J. Power Sources, 2002, 103:273-279
[118] Lira C M, Gomez R P. The Organic-Inorganic Polyaniline/V_2O_5 System application as a High-Capacity Hybrid Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1999, 146:2029-2033
[119] Kovtyukhova N I, Martin B R, Mbindyo J K N. Layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy for template synthesis of nanoscale devices[J]. Mater. Sci. & Eng. C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems, 2002, 19: 255-262
[120] Mercouri G, Kanatzidis, Wu C G, Conductive-polymer bronzes Intercalated polyaniline in vanadium oxide xerogels[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1989, 111: 4139-4141
[121] Ferrer A N, Gorri J A, Muster J. Electrical transport and AFM microscopy on V_2O_5-X-polyaniline nanorods[J]. Mater Sci & Eng C-Biomimetic Supramolecular Systems, 2001,15:237-239
[122] Ferreira M, Zucolotto V, Huguenin F. Layer-by-Layer Nanostructured Hybrid Films of Polyaniline and Vanadium Oxide[J]. Nanosci. Nanotech., 2002, 2:29-32
[123] Wu J C, Degroot D C, Marcy H O. Redox Intercalative Polymerization of Aniline in V_2O_5 Xerogel[J]. Chem. Mater., 1996, 8: 1992-2004
[124] Rabin B, Donald C D, Jon L. Intercalation of Water-Soluble Polymers in V_2O_5 Xerogel[J]. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1993, 8: 687-689
[125] Ke S, Ying M, Zhao C. In Situ Insertion of Poly(aniline) into Molybdenum Oxide Layers[J]. Chem. Lett., 2002, 17: 322-323
[126] Gillian R G, Kerr T A, William P P. Solid-State ~2H NMR Determination of Poly(aniline) Conformation Within a MoO_3 Nanocomposite[J]. Adv. Mater., 1998, 10: 449-452
[127] Kerr T A, Leroux F, Narar L F. Surfactant-Mediated Incorporation of Poly (p-phenylene) into MoO_3[J]. Chem. Mater., 1998,10:2588-2591
[128] Kerr T A, Wu H, Narar L F. Concurrent Polymerization and Insertion of Aniline in Molybdenum Trioxide: Formation and Properties of a [Poly(aniline)]_(0.24)MoO_3 Nanocomposite[J]. Chem. Mater., 1996,8:2005-2015
[129] Hou W H, Yan Q J, Peng B C. Synthesis and Characterigation of Alumina-pillared layered Tetratitanates with Different Interlayer Spacings[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1995, 5: 109-113
[130] Hou W H, Yan Q J, Fu X C. Preparation of Silica-pillared layered Tetratitanate with a High Surface Area[J]. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 1994, 11: 1371-1379
[131] Hou W H, Chen Y S,Yan Q J. Synthesis and Characterization of Chromia Pillared Layered Niobate[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 1999, 5: 577-581
[132] Wang X G, Hou W H, Guo X F. Preparation and characterization of layered molybdenum trioxide pillared with chromia[J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2002, 73: 13-18
[133] Wang X G, Hou W H, Wang X S. Preparation, characterization and activity of novel silica-pillared layered titanoniobate supported copper catalysts for the direct decomposition of NO[J]. Appl. Catal. B:Environmental, 2002, 35: 185-193
[134] Guo X J, Hou W H, Yan Q J, Chen Y. Layered double hydroxides[J]. Chinese Sci. Bull., 2002,47:1681-1695
[135] Koene B E, Nazar L F. Synthesis and electrochemical lithium insertion in??polyaniline/HMWO_6 (M = Ta, Nb) nanocomposites[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1996, 89: 147-157
[136] Nam H J, Kim H, Chang S H. Polymerization of aniline in the galleries of layered HNbMoO_6[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1999,120: 189-195
[137] Nobukazu K, Takashi T, Nobuhiro K. Intercalative polymerization of aniline in VOPO_4·2H_2O[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1995, 78: 281-286
[138] Liu Y J, Mercouri G K. Topotactic polymerization of aniline in layered uranyl phosphate[J]. Inorg. Chem., 1993, 32: 2989-2991
[139] Aldo J G Z, Daltamir J M, MarcoAurelio P. Polyaniline intercalation in α-Sn(HPO_4)_2H2O[J]. Synt. Met., 1999, 102: 1277-1278
[140] Gary B H, Xitoria C M, Kenneth D M H. Polymerization of aniline on copper phosphonate materials[J]. Polyhedron, 2000,19: 765-780
[141] Chang T C, Shen W Y, Ho S Y. Oxidative polymerization of aniline in zirconium phosphate sulfophenylphosphonate[J]. Micro. Porous. Mater., 1995,4: 335-343
[142] Micaroni L, Paoli M A. Photoelectrochemistry of poly (3-methylthiophene), I: Surface morphology and thickness effect[J]. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell., 1996,43: 79-91
[143] Mais D J, Neves S, Alves O L, Paoli M A. Transient hole transport in poly(-p-phenylene vinylene) LEDs[J]. Synt. Met., 1999,102: 1153-1054
[144] Moon G H, Seung S I. Electrical and structural analysis of conductive polyaniline/polyimide blends[J]. J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 1999, 71: 2169-2173
[145] Yong D, Anne B P. Chemical trapping experiments support a cation-radical mechanism for the oxidative polymerization of aniline[J]. J. Poly. Sci., 1999,37: 2549-2569
[146] Zhang D J, Qin J G, Yakushi K. Preparation of a new nanocomposite of conducting polyaniline into layered MnPS_3[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2000,286: 183-187
[147] Victor M, Antonio G, Jilberto P. Intercalation of polyaniline in the layered materials MPS3, m = Mn. Cd[J]. Mater. Res. Bull., 1999, 34: 123-130
[148] Ichimura K, Sano M. Electrical conductivity of layered transition-metal phosphorus trisulfide crystals[J]. Synt. Met., 1991,45:203-211
[149] Wu Q, Xue Z, Qi Z, Wang F. Synthesis and characterization of PAn/clay nanocomposite with extended chain conformation of polyaniline[J]. Polymer, 2000,41:2029-2032
[150] Dongkyu L, Kookheon C. Thermal degradation behavior of polyaniline in polyaniline/Na~+-montmorillonite nanocomposites[J]. Poly. Degradation and Stability, 2002, 75: 555-560
[151] Choi H J, Kim J W, Joo J, Kim B H. Synthesis and electrorheology of emulsion intercalated PANI-clay nanocomposite[J]. Synt. Met, 2001, 121: 1325-1327
[152] Kim B H, Jung J H, Kim W. Physical characterization of polyaniline Na+-montmorillonite nanocomposite intercalated by emulsion polymerization[J]. Synt. Met., 2001,117: 115-118
[153] Jia W, Segal E, Kornemandel D, Lamhot Y. Polyaniline-DBSA/organophilic clay nanocomposites: synthesis and characterization[J]. Synt. Met., 2002, 128: 115-126
[154] Kim B H, Jung J H, Kim J W. Effect of dopant and clay on nanocomposites of polyaniline (PAN) intercalated into Na~+-montmorillonite (Na~+-MMT)[J]. Synt. Met., 2001,121: 1311-1323
[155] Azevedo W M, Brondani D J. Formic acid an efficient solvent to prepare polyaniline/silicate glass composite using sol-gel technique[J]. J Non-Crystalline Solids,??2001,296:224-229
[156] Jang S H, Han M G, Im S S. Preparation and characterization of conductive polyaniline/silica hybrid composites prepared by sol-gel process[J]. Synt. Met., 2000,110: 17-23
[157] Zarbin A J G, Paoli M A, Alves O L. New polyaniline/porous glass composite[J]. Synt. Met, 1997,84: 107-108
[158] Cho M S, Kim J W, Choi H J. Electrorheological characteristics of polyaniline and its copolymer suspensions with ionic and nonionic substituents[J]. Colloid Polym. Sci., 2000, 278: 61-64
[159] Shim 1 W, Oh W S, Jeong H C, Seok W K. Preparation of Ruthenium-Containing Polycarbonate Films and the Chemistry of Ruthenium in Polycarbonate[J]. Macromolecules, 1996,29:1099-1104
[160] Pollini I, Photoemission study of the electronic structure of CrCl_3 and RuCl_3 compounds[J]. Phys. Rev. B, 1994, 50:2095-2103
[161] Matsuoka S, Fujii H, Yamada T. Photocatalysis of oligo(p-phenylenes): photoreductive production of hydrogen and ethanol in aqueous triethylamine[J]. J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95: 5802-5808
[162] Wang L, Rocci-Lane M, Brazis P. α-RuCl_3/Polymer Nanocomposites: The First Group of Intercalative Nanocomposites with Transition Metal Halides[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2000, 122:6629-6640
[163] Wang L, Brazis P, Rocci M. A New Redox Host for Intercalative Polymerization: Insertion of Polyaniline into a-RuCl_3[J]. Chem. Mater., 1998,10:3298-3300
[164] Wu C G, DeGroot D C, Marey H O. Reaction of Aniline with FeOCl Formation and Ordering of Conducting Polyaniline in a Crystalline Layered Host[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1995,117:9229-9237
[165] Hwang S R, Li W H, Lee KC. Spiral magnetic structure of Fe in Van der Waals gapped FeOCl and polyaniline-intercalated FeOCl[J]. Phys. Rev. B, 2000, 62: 14157-14163
[166] Tanaka M, Park I Y, Kuroda K, Kato C. Organo-Modified Anionic Clays into Polymer Compared to Smectite-Type Nanofiller: Potential Applications of the Nanocomposites[J]. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1989, 62: 3442-3447
[167] Rey S, Merida-Robles J, Han K S, Guerlou-Demourgues L, Delmas C, Duguet E. Acrylate intercalation and in situ polymerization in iron substituted nickel hydroxides[J]. Polym. Int., 1999,48:277-282
[168] Whilton N T, Vickers P J, Mann S. Bioinorganic clays: synthesis and characterization of amino- and polyamino acid intercalated layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7:1623-1629
[169] Vieille L, Moujahid E M, Taviot-Gueho C, Cellier J, Besse J P, Leroux F. In situ polymerization of interleaved monomers: a comparative study between hydrotaicite and hydrocalumite host structures[J]. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2004, 65: 385-393
[170] Challier T, Slade R C T. Nanocomposite Materials: polyaniline intercalated layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1994,4(3): 367-371
[171] Isupov V P, Chupakhina L E, Ozerova M A, Kostrovsky V G, Poluboyarov V A. Polymerization of m-NH_2C_6H_4COO~- anions in the intercalation compounds of aluminium hydroxide [LiAl_2(OH)_6] [m-NH_zC_6H_4COO~-]·nH_2O[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2001, 141-142:??231-236
[172] Oriakhi C O, Farr I V, Lerner M M. Preparation of nanocomposites of linear poly(ethylenimine) with layered hosts[J]. Clays Clay Miner., 1997, 45: 194-202
[173] Shouldice GTD, Choi P Y, Koene B E, Nazar L F, Rudin A. A novel way to study the initial stages of soap-free emulsion polymerizations: The intercalation of polystyrene oligomers into hydrotalcite[J]. J. Polym. Sci., 1995, 33:1409-1417
[174] Wilson O C, Olorunyolemi T, Jaworski A, Borum L,Young D, Siriwat A, Dickens E, Oriakhi C, Lerner M M. Surface and interfacial properties of polymer-intercalated layered double hydroxide nanocomposites[J]. Appl. Clay Sci., 1999,15:265-279
[175] Oriakhi C O, Farr I V, Lerner M M. Incorporation of poly-acrylic acid, poly-vinyl-sulfonate, and poly-styrenesulfonate within layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1996,6: 103-107
[176] Trontoa J, Sancheza K C, Crepaldia E L, Naalb Z, Kleinc S I, Valima J B. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical study of layered doublehydroxides intercalated with 2-thiophenecarboxylate anions[J]. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2004 ,65:493-498 [177] Moujahid E M, Dubois M, Besse J P, Leroux F. Role of Atmospheric Oxygen for the Polymerization of Interleaved Aniline Sulfonic Acid in LDHs[J]. Chem. Mater., 2002, 14: 3799-3807
[178] Moujahid E M, Dubois M, Besse J P, Leroux F. In Situ Polymerization of Aniline Sulfonic Acid Derivatives into LDHs Interlamellar Space Probed by ESR and Electrochemical Studies[J]. Chem. Mater., 2005, 17: 373-382
[179] Kissinger H E. Reaction kinetics in diferential thermal analysis[J]. Anal. Chem., 1957,29(11): 1702-1706
[180] 史启祯,胡荣祖,高胜利。热分析动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[181] 蔡正千。热分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[182] Wei M, Shi S X, Wang J, Li Y, Duan X. Studies on the intercalation of naproxen into layered double hydroxide and its thermal decomposition by in situ FT-IR and in situ HT-XRD[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 2004,177: 2534-2541
[183] Wang J, Wei M, Rao G Y, Evans D G., Duan X. Structure and thermal decomposition of sulfated b-cyclodextrin intercalated in a layered double hydroxide[J]. J Solid State Chem, 2004, 177: 366-371
[184] Fogg M A, Dunn J S, Shyu S G, Cary D R, O'Hare D. Selective ion-exchange intercalation of isomeric dicarboxylate anions into the layered double hydroxide [LiAl_2(OH)_6]Cl·H_2O[J]. Chem. Mater., 1998, 10: 351-355
[185] Fogg M A, Dunn J S, O'Hare D. Formation of second-stage intermediates in anion-exchange intercalation reactions of the layered double hydroxide [LiAl_2(OH)_6]Cl·H_2O as observed by time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction[J]. Chem. Mater., 1998, 10:356-360
[186] Leroux F, Besse J P. Polymer Interleaved Layered Double Hydroxide: A New Emerging Class of Nanocomposites[J]. Chem. Mater., 2001, 13:3507-3515
[187] Wessling B. Dispersion as the Link between Basic Research and Commercial Applications of Conductive Polymers (Polyaniline)[J]. Synt. Met., 1998, 93: 143-154
[188] Wessling B, Posdorfer J. Corrosion Prevention with an Organic Metal (Polyaniline): Corrosion Test Results[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 1999, 44: 2139-2147[189] Posdorfer J, Wessling B. Corrosion Protection by the Organic Metal Polyaniline: Results of Immersion, Volta Potential and Impedance Studies[J]. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 2000, 367: 343-345
[190] Wessling B. Progress in Science and Technology of Polyaniline and Poly- Ethylenedioxythiophene[J]. Synt. Met., 2003, 135-136: 265-267[1] Moujahid E M, Dubois M, Besse J P, Leroux F. In Situ Polymerization of Aniline Sulfonic Acid Derivatives into LDHs Interlamellar Space Probed by ESR and Electrochemical Studies[J]. Chem. Mater., 2005, 17:373-382
[2] Isupov V P, Chupakhina L E, Ozerova M A, Kostrovsky V G, Poluboyarov V A. Polymerization of m-NH_2C_6H_4COO~-anions in the intercalation compounds of aluminium hydroxide[LiAl_2(OH)_6] [m-NH_2C_6H_4COO] ·nH20[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2001, 141-142: 231-236
[3] ByoungSuhk K, Li C, JianPing G, Yoshihito O. Titration Behavior and Spectral Transitions of Water-Soluble Polythiophene Carboxylic Acids[J]. Macromolecules, 1999, 32: 3964-3969
[4] Chen L, Kim B S, Masahiko N, Gong J P, Osada Y. Environmental Responses of Polythiophene Hydrogel[J]. Macromolecules, 2000, 33:1232-1236
[5] Kim B S, Chen L, Gong J P, Osada Y. Doping affects of water-soluble poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid) (P3TAA) and its gel[J]. Korea Polym. J., 2000, 8: 116-119
[6] 陈莉,龚剑萍,长田义仁.水溶性导电高分子聚噻吩及其水凝胶的掺杂行为研究[J].功能高分子学报,2001,4:427-431
[7] Wang B, Zhang H, Evans D G, Duan Xue. Surface modification of layered double hydroxides with surfactants and incorporation of hydrophobic organic compounds[J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2005, 92(1) : 190-196
[8] Wei M, Shi S X, Wang J, Li Y, Duan X. Studies on the intercalation of naproxen into layered double hydroxide and its thermal decomposition by in situ FT-IR and in situ HT-XRD[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 2004, 177:2534-2541
[9] Meng J H, Zhang H, Evans D G, Duan X. Novel layered pesticide slow/controlled release materials-Studies on supramolecular structure and slow release property of glyphosate intercalated layered double hydroxides[J]. Chin. Sci. Bull., 2005, 50:208-214
[10] Li L, Luo Q S, Duan X. Clean route for the synthesis of hydrotalcites and their property of selective intercalation with benzenedicarboxylate anions[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2002, 21: 439-441
[11] 任玲玲,何静,Evans,D.G.,段雪.谷氨酸柱撑LDHs超分子结构层柱材料的插层组装[J].高等学校化学学报,2003,24:169-173
[12] 任玲玲.超分子结构层柱型固定化青霉素酰化酶的插层组装[D].北京:北京化工大学,2001
[13] Zhang J, Zhang F, Ren L L, Evans D G, Duan X. Synthesis of layered double hydroxide anionic clays intercalated by carboxylate anions[J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2004, 85: 207-214
[14] Ren L L, He J, Zhang S C, Evans D G, Duan X, Ma R Y. Immobilization of penicillin gacylase in layered double hydroxides pillared by glutamate ions[J]. J. Mol. Catal. : B-Enzym, 2002, 18: 3-11
[15] Wang J, Wei M, Rao G Y, Evans D G., Duan X. Structure and thermal decomposition of sulfated b-cyclodextrin intercalated in a layered double hydroxide[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 2004, 177:366-371[16] Yuan Q, Wei M, Evans D G, Duan X. Preparation and Investigation of Thermolysis of L-Aspartic Acid-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide[J]. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2004, 108: 12381-12387
[17] 孙辉,张慧,Evans D G,段雪.磁性药物-无机纳米复合材料的结构设计与表征[J].科学通报,2004,49(24):2525-2530
[18] 邢颖,李殿卿,郭灿雄,Evans,D G,段雪.Zn-Al-CO3LDHs晶粒尺寸控制与光屏蔽作用研究[J].精细化工,2003,20:1-4
[19] 孟锦宏,张慧,Evans DG,段雪.超分子结构草甘膦插层LDHs的组装及结构研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2003,24(7):1315-1319[1] Challier T, Slade R C T. Nanocomposite Materials: polyaniline intercalated layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4(3) : 367-371
[2] Isupov V P, Chupakhina L E, Ozerova M A, Kostrovsky V G, Poluboyarov V A. Polymerization of m-NH_2C_6H_4COO~-anions in the intercalation compounds of aluminium hydroxide[LiAl_2(OH)_6] [m-NH_2C_6H_4COO~-] ·nH_2O[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2001, 141-142: 231-236
[3] Tronto J, Sanchez K C, Crepaldi E L, Naal Z, Klein S I. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical study of layered double hydroxides intercalated with 2-thiophenecarboxylate anions[J]. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2004, 65:493-498
[4] Wei X L, Fahlman M, Epstein A J. XPS Study of Highly Sulfonated Polyaniline[J]. Macromolecules, 1999, 32:3114-3117
[5] Wilson J, Olorunyolemi T, Jaworski A, Borum L, Young D, Siriwat A, Dickens E. Surface and interfacial properties of polymer-intercalated layered double hydroxide nanocomposites[J]. Appl. Clay. Sci., 1999, 15:265-279
[6] Whilton N T, Vickers P J, Mann S. Bioinorganic clays: synthesis and characterization of amino-and polyamino acid intercalated layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7:1623-1629
[7] Brindley G W, Kikkawa S. A crystal-chemical study of MgAl and NiAl hydroxy-perchlorates and hydroxy-carbonates[J]. Am. Miner., 1979, 64:836-843
[8] Yun S K, Pinnavaia T J. Water content and particle texture of synthetic hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides[J]. Chem. Mater., 1995, 7:348-354
[9] Moujahid E M, Dubois M, Besse J P, Leroux F. Role of Atmospheric Oxygen for the Polymerization of Interleaved Aniline Sulfonic Acid in LDHs[J]. Chem. Mater., 2002, 14: 3799-3807
[10] Moujahid E M, Dubois M, Besse J P, Leroux F. In Situ Polymerization of Aniline Sulfonic Acid Derivatives into LDHs Interlamellar Space Probed by ESR and Electrochemical Studies[J]. Chem. Mater., 2005, 17:373-382
[11] 高军波,李科,孙辉,于有海,王策,吴忠文,张万金.改进的假高稀技术合成聚苯胺三聚体和四聚体及其紫外光谱的研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2000,21:315-320
[12] Albertas M, Rudolf H. A UV-vis spectroelectrochemical study of redox reactions of solution species at a polyaniline electrode in the conducting and the reduced state[J]. J. Electro. Chem., 1999, 461:184-193
[13] Albuquerque J E, Mattoso L H C R, Faria M, Masters J G., MacDiarmid A G. Study of the Interconversion of Polyaniline Oxidation States by Optical Absorption Spectroscopy[J]. Synt. Met., 2004, 146:1-10
[14] Luca V, Thomson S. Intercalation and polymerisation of aniline within a tubular aluminosilicate[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2000, 10:2121-2126
[15] Li F, Zhang L, Evans D G, Forano C, Duan X. Structure and thermal evolution of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide containing interlayer organic glyphosate anions[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2004, 424:15-23
[16] Liu P, Liu W, Xue Q. In situ chemical oxidative graft polymerization of aniline from silica??nanoparticles[J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2004, 87: 109-113
[17] Liu Y J, Kanatzidis M G. Postintercalative polymerization of aniline and its derivatives in layered metal phosphates[J]. Chem. Mater., 1995,7: 1525-1533
[18] Huber T A. A Literature Survey of Polyaniline, Part 1 Polyaniline as a Radar Absorbing Material[M]. Defence R&D Canada - Atlantic, 2003, 014
[19] Stejskal J, Kratochvil P, Jenkins A D. The formation of polyaniline and the nature of its structures. Polymer[J], 1996, 37: 367-369
[20] Chen W C, Wen T C. Electrochemical and capacitive properties of polyaniline-implanted porous carbon electrode for supercapacitors[J]. J. Power Sources, 2003,117: 273-282
[21] Kang E T, Neoh K G, Tan K L. Polyaniline: A polymer with many interesting intrinsic redox states[J]. Prog. Poly. Sci., 1998,23: 277-324
[22] Nascimento G M, Constantino V R L, Landers R, Temperini M L A. Aniline Polymerization into Montmorillonite Clay: A Spectroscopic Investigation of the Intercalated Conducting Polymer[J]. Macromolecules, 2004,37:9373-9385
[23] Mohilner D M, Argersinger W J, Adams R N. Investigation of kinetics and mechanism of anodic oxidation of aniline in aqueous sulfuric acid solution at a platinum eIectrode[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1962, 84(19): 3618-3620[1] Gruger A, Novak A, Regis A, Colomban Ph. Infrared and Raman study of polyaniline Part II: Influence of ortho substituents on hydrogen bonding and UV/vis-near-IR electron charge transfer[J]. J. Mol. Struct.,1994, 328: 153-167
[2] Yue J, Wang Z H, Cromack K R, Epstein A J, MacDiarmid A G Effect of sulfonic acid group on polyaniline backbone[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991,113(7): 2665-2671
[3] Zampronio E C, Oliveira H P. Synthesis, spectroscopic and structural characterization of poly-o-methoxyaniline and poly-o-methylaniline intercalated into layered vanadyl phosphate Materials[J]. Mater. Res. Bull., 2004,39: 1525-1538
[4] Wudl F, Angus R O, Lu Jr F L, Allemand P M, Vachon D, Nowak M, Liu Z X, Schaffer H, Heeger A J. Poly-p-phenyleneamineimine: synthesis and comparison to polyaniline[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1987, 109(12): 3677-3684
[5] Venugopal G, Quan X, Johnson G E, Houlihan F M, Chin E, Nalamasu O. Photoinduced Doping and Photolithography of Methyl-Substituted Polyaniline[J]. Chem. Mater., 1995, 7(2): 271-276
[6] Osaheni J A, Jenekhe S A, Vanherzeele H, Meth J S, Sun Y, MacDiarmid A G. Nonlinear optical properties of polyanilines and derivatives[J]. J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96(7): 2830-2836
[7] Justyna W, Barbara P, Jolanta B, Krystyna J. Effect of anions on the electrosynthesis, electroactivity and molecular structure of poly (o-methoxyaniline)[J]. Synt. Met., 1998, 94: 265-272
[8] Mergulhao S, Faria R M, Leal Ferreira G F, Sworakowski J. Transport of holes in uniformly and non-uniformly protonated poly (o-methoxyaniline)[J]. Chem. Phys. Lett., 1997,269:489-493
[9] Paul A, Misra T N, Talukdar D. Electrical conduction of soluble poly (o-methoxy aniline) organised in Langmuir-Blodgett films[J]. Solid State Commun., 1996,99: 633-636
[10] Stejskal J, Radhakrishnan P K. Polyaniline dispersions 2. UV-Vis absorption spectra[J]. Synt. Met., 1993, 61 :225-231
[11] Melanova K, Ludvik B, Zima V, Votinsky J. Intercalation of Aldehydes into Vanadyl Phosphate[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 2001, 157:50-55
[12] Ram M K, Carrara S, Paddeu S, Nicolini C. Effect of annealing on physical properties of conducting poly(ortho-anisidine) Langmuir-Blodgett films[J]. Thin Solid Films, 1997, 302: 89-97
[13] Luca V, Thomson S. Intercalation and polymerisation of aniline within a tubular aluminosilicate[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2000, 10:2121-2126
[14] Shacklette L W, Wolf J F, Gould S, Baughman R H. Structure and Properties of Polyaniline as Modeled by Single-crystal Oligomers[J]. J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88(6): 3955-3961
[15] Challier T, Slade R C T. Nanocomposite Materials: polyaniline intercalated layered double hydroxides[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4(3): 367-371[16] Leroux F, Dewar P J, Intissar M, Ouvrard G, Nazar L F. Study of the formation of mesoporous titania via a template approach and of subsequent Li insertion[J]. J. Mater. Chem.,2002, 12:3245-3253
[17] Jimenez-Ruiz M, Prieto C, Martinez J L, Alonso J M. Nickel Oxidation State and Magnetic Properties of Hole-Doped and Reduced Nd_(2-x)Sr_xNiO_yCompounds[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 1998, 140: 278-284
[18] Lu C W, He Z, Xi T G, Chen Y X, Luo L. TG-DTA-MS and DSC studies on the thermal-treatment process of the 20% AlO_(3/2)-SiO_2-epoxySiO_(3/2) organic-inorganic hybrid system[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 1999, 334: 149-155
[19] Tichit D, Coq B, Dutartre R, Medina F. Activation under oxidizing and reducing atmospheres of Ni-containing layered double hydroxides[J]. Appl. Catal. A: General, 1997,159:241-258
[20] Vieille L, Taviot-Gue'ho C, Rousselot I, Leroux F, Besse J P. Hydrocalumite and Its Polymer Derivatives. 2. Polymer Incorporation versus in Situ Polymerization of Styrene-4-sulfonate[J]. Chem. Mater., 2003, 15: 4369-4376
[21] Kang E T, Neoh K G, Tan K L. Polyaniline: A polymer with many interesting intrinsic redox states[J]. Prog. Poly. Sci., 1998, 23: 277-324
[22] Vieille L, Moujahid E M, Taviot-Gueho C, Cellier J, Besse J P, Leroux F. In situ polymerization of interleaved monomers: a comparative study between hydrotalcite and hydrocalumite host structures[J]. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2004,65: 385-393
[23] Moujahid E M, Leroux F, Marc D, Besse J P. In situ polymerisation of monomers in layered double hydroxides[J]. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2003,6:259-264
[24] Kanatzidis M G, Wu C G, Marcy H O, Kannewurf C R. Electropolymerization of aniline intercalated in montmorrillonite[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1989, 111: 4139-4141
[25] Kerr T A, Wu H, Nazar L F. Concurrent Polymerization and Insertion of Aniline in Molybdenum Trioxide: Formation and Properties of a [Poly(aniline)]o.24Mo03 Nanocomposite[J]. Chem. Mater., 1996, 8:2005-2015
[26] Liu P, Gong K. Synthesis of polyaniline-intercalated graphite oxide by an in situ oxidative polymerization reaction[J]. Carbon, 1999, 37: 706-707
[27] Wang L, Brazis P, Rocci M, Kannewurf C R, Kanatzidis M G A New Redox Host for Intercalative Polymerization: Insertion of Polyaniline into α-RuCl_3[J]. Chem. Mater., 1998, 10: 3298-3300
[28] Miras M C, Barbero C, Haas O. Preparation of Polyaniline by Electrochemical Polymerization of Aniline in Acetonitrile Solution[J]. Synt. Met., 1991, 41-43:3081-3084
[29] Furukawa Y, Ueda F, Hyodo Y, Harada I. Vibrational Spectra and Structure of PolyaniIine[J]. Macromolecules, 1998,21: 1297-1305
[30] Wei M, Wang J, He J, Evans D G, Duan X. In situ FT-IR, in situ HT-XRD and TPDE study of thermal decomposition of sulfated b-cyclodextrin intercalated in layered double hydroxides[J]. Micro. Mesop. Mater., 2005, 78: 53-61
[31] Liu Y J, Kanatzidis M G. postintercalative polymerization of aniline and its derivatives in layered metal phosphates[J]. Chem. Mater., 1995, 7: 1525-1533[32] Moujahid E M, Dubois M, Besse J P, Leroux F. In Situ Polymerization of Aniline Sulfonic Acid Derivatives into LDHs Interlamellar Space Probed by ESR and Electrochemical Studies[J]. Chem. Mater., 2005, 17:373-382
[33] Genies E M, Boyle A, Lapkowski M, Tsintavis C. Polyaniline: A Historical Survey[J]. Synt. Met., 1990, 36:139-182
[34] 杨刚,侯文华,郭宪吉,颜其洁,陈懿,陈静.无机层状纳米材料与聚苯胺的复合研究[J].无机化学学报,2003,19:561-568[1] Wilson J, Olorunyolemi T, Jaworski A, Borum L, Young D, Siriwat A, Dickens E. Surface and interfacial properties of polymer-intercalated layered double hydroxide nanocomposites[J]. Appl. Clay Sci., 1999, 15:265-279
[2] Yamamoto T. p-Doping of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) with sulfonic acids and oxygen related to self-doping of sulfonated polythiophenes[J]. Reactive & Functional Polym., 2003, 55:231-234
[3] Dai X M, Goto H, Akagi K, Shiraakawa H. Synthesis and properties of polythiophene derivatives with ferroelectric liquid crystalline substituents[J]. Synt. Met., 1999, 102: 1291-1301
[4] 温斌,何鸣元,宋家庆.含铜类LDHs催化材料热分解过程的研究[J].无机化学学报,2000,16:58-62
[5] 郭军,矫庆泽.杂多阴离子柱撑LDHs的合成、热稳定性、酸碱性的研究[J].化学学报,1996.54:357-362
[6] 刘承美,过俊石,谢洪泉.导电高分子聚噻吩乙炔某些性能的研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,1995,1:108-113
[7] 陈莉,龚剑萍,长田义仁.水溶性导电高分子聚噬吩及其水凝胶的掺杂行为研究[J].功能高分子学报,2001,14:427-431
[8] 戴黎明,冒怀庆,钱人元.可溶性导电高分子的合成[J].高分子通报,1995,1:1-9
[9] 陈贻炽,王红山,吴锦屏,顾惕人.聚噻吩导电材料的合成[J].化工新型材料,1997,8:15-18
[10] 刘平,胡建华,赵其中,周小平,童真,许运华,邓文基.低聚噻吩衍生物的合成及液晶性能[J].华南理工大学学报,2003,5:11-15
[11] Visy C, Lukkari J, Kankare J. Electrochemical Polymerization and redox transformations of polythiophene[J]. Synt. Met., 1995, 69:319-320
[12] Shengelaya A, Drulis H, Macalik B, Suszyfiska M. Low temperature ESR spectra of nickel-doped NaCl crystals[J]. Z. Phys. B, 1996, 101: 373-376
[13] Davidson A, Tempere J F, Che M. Spectroscopic Studies of Nickel(Ⅱ) and Nickel(Ⅲ) Species Generated upon Thermal Treatments of Nickel/Ceria-Supported Materials[J]. J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100:4919-4929
[14] 曹镛,过丁,叶成,潘美.2,5-噻吩齐聚物链结构的表征[J].化学学报,1987,11:36-40
[15] 杜亚丽,谢鲜梅,吴旭,胡秋霞,王志忠.TG-DTA技术在类LDHs化合物热分解研究中的应用[J].应用化工,2005,34:527-530