数据挖掘在针灸文献经穴研究中的应用
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摘要
本课题针对古代针灸文献中治疗某一类疾病采用的经穴进行数据挖掘研究,主要采用古代有影响的针灸文献中治疗某类疾病用穴情况为原始数据,统计出治疗某类疑难疾病单穴或配穴的词频,确定筛选出的单穴或配穴的特定穴属性。在已确定的特定穴属性基础上,分析出现次数最高的特定穴以及特定穴配伍,结合针灸理论实践总结比较出治疗该类疾病的最常用的治疗用经穴,提供更多针灸配穴方案,为该类疾病在针灸临床治疗中的单穴治疗或多穴治疗提供有一定价值的参考,探究出众多针灸治疗方案的最优方案的可行性。具体方案如下:
1)建立文本挖掘的二维表文档,标准化和筛选经穴穴位。列表示治疗某类疾病针灸文献的名称,行表示该针灸文献中出现的穴位名称。
2)采用粗糙集理论以及文本挖掘方法预处理数据,发现数据中隐含和潜在有用的规律,进行经穴对证的重要性评价。
3)使用关联规则算法,找出从多个穴位配伍层次分析用穴规律和发掘新的特定穴,用于经穴与症状、经穴与病机、症状与病机等的分析。探讨挖掘出的频繁用穴组合间的相互关系以及各医家辨证思维模式的差异,同时对各种因素影响下的选穴情况进行分析,从单个穴位角度反映医家个人的用穴特色和规律,分析医家的针灸处方规律和常用经穴组合。
4)概括出经穴数据的基本特征,得出针灸辨证的基本规律,比较样本中各经穴之间的中医临床性质。
This project aims at applying the data mining technologies on the acupoints of fourteen meridians applied to the treatment for certain kinds of diseases recorded in the ancient documents of acupuncture and moxibustion. With the data mining, the paper will count the frequencies of the single points or composite of points used in treating certain diseases and confirm the attributes of filtered points. Based the above information, these points with the highest frequency are analyzed and the most commonly used points are found according to through the acupuncture practice. More approaches of the combination of acupoints and some reference on the treatments of single points and compatibility of points in the clinical treatment are provided. It works out the feasibilities of optimized treatment. The detailed approach is described as follows:
1) Two-dimensional table documents of texting mining is set up and the points are standardized and filtered. the columns of table represent the names of acupuncture and moxibustion documents in treating certain diseases and these rows stand for the names of points appearing in these documents.
2) The rough set theory and the methods of texting mining are used to process data to find out the implied and potential useful rules from the data; to evaluate the importance of correspondence between points and symptoms.
3) Apriori algorithm is used to find the combinational rules in the related points and mining new specific points, which is used to find relations between acupoints and symptoms, acupoints and pathogenesis, and symptoms and pathogenesis. The above results are used to probe into the relationship of the frequently applied points and the difference of the dialectical thinking patterns of doctors'; from the aspects of single points to reveal the doctors' characteristics and rules on selecting points by analyzing the applied points influenced by the circumstances; to analyzing the doctors' rules of prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion and the combination of common used channel points.
4) The basic features of the data of acupuncture and moxibustion are summarized to work out the dialectical basic laws of acupuncture and moxibustion; to classify the things with similariites into same groups and the things with great difference into different groups by directly comparing the characteristics from samples.
1)建立文本挖掘的二维表文档,标准化和筛选经穴穴位。列表示治疗某类疾病针灸文献的名称,行表示该针灸文献中出现的穴位名称。
2)采用粗糙集理论以及文本挖掘方法预处理数据,发现数据中隐含和潜在有用的规律,进行经穴对证的重要性评价。
3)使用关联规则算法,找出从多个穴位配伍层次分析用穴规律和发掘新的特定穴,用于经穴与症状、经穴与病机、症状与病机等的分析。探讨挖掘出的频繁用穴组合间的相互关系以及各医家辨证思维模式的差异,同时对各种因素影响下的选穴情况进行分析,从单个穴位角度反映医家个人的用穴特色和规律,分析医家的针灸处方规律和常用经穴组合。
4)概括出经穴数据的基本特征,得出针灸辨证的基本规律,比较样本中各经穴之间的中医临床性质。
This project aims at applying the data mining technologies on the acupoints of fourteen meridians applied to the treatment for certain kinds of diseases recorded in the ancient documents of acupuncture and moxibustion. With the data mining, the paper will count the frequencies of the single points or composite of points used in treating certain diseases and confirm the attributes of filtered points. Based the above information, these points with the highest frequency are analyzed and the most commonly used points are found according to through the acupuncture practice. More approaches of the combination of acupoints and some reference on the treatments of single points and compatibility of points in the clinical treatment are provided. It works out the feasibilities of optimized treatment. The detailed approach is described as follows:
1) Two-dimensional table documents of texting mining is set up and the points are standardized and filtered. the columns of table represent the names of acupuncture and moxibustion documents in treating certain diseases and these rows stand for the names of points appearing in these documents.
2) The rough set theory and the methods of texting mining are used to process data to find out the implied and potential useful rules from the data; to evaluate the importance of correspondence between points and symptoms.
3) Apriori algorithm is used to find the combinational rules in the related points and mining new specific points, which is used to find relations between acupoints and symptoms, acupoints and pathogenesis, and symptoms and pathogenesis. The above results are used to probe into the relationship of the frequently applied points and the difference of the dialectical thinking patterns of doctors'; from the aspects of single points to reveal the doctors' characteristics and rules on selecting points by analyzing the applied points influenced by the circumstances; to analyzing the doctors' rules of prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion and the combination of common used channel points.
4) The basic features of the data of acupuncture and moxibustion are summarized to work out the dialectical basic laws of acupuncture and moxibustion; to classify the things with similariites into same groups and the things with great difference into different groups by directly comparing the characteristics from samples.
引文
[1]韩家炜.数据挖掘概念与技术北京:机械工业出版社2007:1-25
[2]Shortland R.Scarf R.Digging for Gold.IEE Review 1995,41(5):213～217
[3]Berry M,Linoff G.Data Mining Techniques:For Marketing,Sales,and Customer Support[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1997
[4]谭勇.数据挖掘在中医学术流派研究中的应用[J]时珍国医国药2007.18(12):2990-2991.
[5]孙燕.基于数据挖掘技术的医案整理方法探讨[J]中国中医药信息杂志,2006,13(11):106.
[6]朱金伟.基于数据挖掘的中医药数据预处理方法[J]计算机工程,2006, 32(l5):280-282
[7]张昱.古方主治症的规范处理方法初探[J]浙江中医杂志,2008,43(1):14-15.
[8]尚景盛.半夏泻心汤配伍应用的数据挖掘试验[J]中日友好医院学报,2005,19(4):227-229.
[9]徐姗姗.从数据挖掘探析桂枝汤临床应用规律[J]河南中医2007年7月第27卷第7期:1-5.
[10]张晓红.基于数据挖掘的小儿肺炎中医辨证动态量表的生成方法[J]世界科学技术一中医药现代化,2008,10(1):27-33.
[11]刘建平.[J]辽宁中医药大学学报.2007,9(6):203-204
[12]WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. World Health Organization standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific[S]. WPRO Nonserial Publication. 2008;23-232
[13]WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. WHO international standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the Western Pacific Region[s]. WPRO Nonserial Publication. 2007;28-34,233-254
[14]Le Bars D,Villanueva L ,Bouhassira D,et a1.Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) in animalsand man[J].Patol Fiziol Eksp Fer,1992,(4):55—56.
[15] Assefi N P,Sherman K J,Jacobsen C,et a1.A randomized clinical trial of acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture in fibromyalgia E J].Ann InternMed,2005,143(1):10—19.
[16]Melchart D,Streng A,Hoppe A,et a1.Acupuncture in patients with tension—type headache: randomised controlled trial [J].BMJ,2005,331(7 513):376—382.
[17]Scharf H P,Mansmann U,Streitberger K,et a1.Acupuncture and knee osteoarthritis a three-armedrandomized trial lJ].Ann Intern Med,2006,145(1):12—2O.
[18] Vickers A J,Feinstein M B,Deng G E,et a1.Acu—puncture for dyspnea in advanced cancer:a random—ized,placebo—controlled pilot trial[J].BMC PalliatCare,2005,4:5.
[19]赵凌任玉兰梁繁荣.有效整理古代针灸文献的研究方法与要求[J]成都中医药大学学报,2007,30(4):1-2
[20]胡银娥.数据挖掘技术在针刺手法参数研究中的应用思考,[J]中国针灸,2006,2(8):777-680.
[21]徐平.针刺治疗海洛因依赖者脱毒后稽延症状的RoughSet数据分析[J]上海中医药杂志2007,41(4):55-57.
[22]Z.Pawlak.Rough Set.International Journal of Computer and InformationSciences,1982,11(5):341-356
[23]王国撤.rough集理论与知识获取.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001,13-52
[24]刘立公顾杰难病针灸典籍通览上海科学技术出版社2007
[25] R.Agrawal,T.Imielinski,and A.Swami.Mining association rules between sets of items in largedatabases.ACM Press Publisher.1993:207～216
[26] R.Agrawal and R.Srikant.Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules in Large Databases.InResearch Report RJ 9839,IBM Almaden Research Center,SanJose,California,1994
[27]黎明,张化光.基于粗糙集的神经网络建模方法研究.[J]自动化学报.2002.28(1):2 7-33
[28]苏健.基于粗糙集的数据挖掘与决策支持方法研究.博士论文.浙江大学.2002
[29]彭健,汪同庆,居琰等.粗糙集理论在字符识别中的应用.[J]计算机工程.2002.28(11): 193-277
[30]秦中广,毛宗源,邓兆智.粗糙集在中医类风湿症候诊断中的应用.[J]中国生物医学工程学报.2001.20(4):357-363
[31]潘丹,曾安,郑启伦.一种基于粗糙集理论的智能故障诊断新方法.[J]计算机工程与应用2003,14:48-62
[32]张政超,关欣,何友粗糙集理论数据处理方法及其研究.[J]计算机技术与发展2010,20(4):12-15
[33]赵丹丹Apriori算法改进及其在中药知识发掘中的应用[J]计算机与现代化2007.8:24-55
[34]陈明,张书河关联规则在中医疾病证候诊断中的应用中华医学丛刊.2004,4(5):14-15
[35]童元元,赵英凯,于静.关联规则在中医药领域的应用研究[J]中国中医药信息杂志. 2009.7.16(7):96-97
[36]刘齐宏,唐常杰,李川,刘齐巍,曾涛,蒋永光.基于属性归纳的中药方剂数据挖掘[J]计算机应用2007,27(2):450-452
[37]丁维,蒋永光,宋姚屏.数据挖掘及其在中医领域的应用研究[J]数理医药学杂志2007.2O(3):403-404
[38]张万水,陈利国,黄运坤数据挖掘技术及其在中医遣方用药规律中的应用[J]辽宁中医药大学学报.2006.07(4)62-63
[39]陈擎文.数据挖掘技术在古代名中医中风医案之应用研究[J]中华中医药学刊2008.10.26(10)
[40]李垠含,石岩.数据挖掘技术在古代名中医中风医案之应用研究[J]长春中医药大学学报.2009.2.26(l0)
[41]谷波,张永奎文本聚类算法的分析与比较[J]电脑开发与应用2003 16(11):4-6
[42]粱永瑛,针灸治疗中风偏瘫选穴规律研究[J]上海针灸杂志2007.10.26(10)
[43]谷波,张永奎文本聚类算法的分析与比较[J]电脑开发与应用2003.16(11)
[2]Shortland R.Scarf R.Digging for Gold.IEE Review 1995,41(5):213～217
[3]Berry M,Linoff G.Data Mining Techniques:For Marketing,Sales,and Customer Support[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1997
[4]谭勇.数据挖掘在中医学术流派研究中的应用[J]时珍国医国药2007.18(12):2990-2991.
[5]孙燕.基于数据挖掘技术的医案整理方法探讨[J]中国中医药信息杂志,2006,13(11):106.
[6]朱金伟.基于数据挖掘的中医药数据预处理方法[J]计算机工程,2006, 32(l5):280-282
[7]张昱.古方主治症的规范处理方法初探[J]浙江中医杂志,2008,43(1):14-15.
[8]尚景盛.半夏泻心汤配伍应用的数据挖掘试验[J]中日友好医院学报,2005,19(4):227-229.
[9]徐姗姗.从数据挖掘探析桂枝汤临床应用规律[J]河南中医2007年7月第27卷第7期:1-5.
[10]张晓红.基于数据挖掘的小儿肺炎中医辨证动态量表的生成方法[J]世界科学技术一中医药现代化,2008,10(1):27-33.
[11]刘建平.[J]辽宁中医药大学学报.2007,9(6):203-204
[12]WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. World Health Organization standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific[S]. WPRO Nonserial Publication. 2008;23-232
[13]WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. WHO international standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the Western Pacific Region[s]. WPRO Nonserial Publication. 2007;28-34,233-254
[14]Le Bars D,Villanueva L ,Bouhassira D,et a1.Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) in animalsand man[J].Patol Fiziol Eksp Fer,1992,(4):55—56.
[15] Assefi N P,Sherman K J,Jacobsen C,et a1.A randomized clinical trial of acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture in fibromyalgia E J].Ann InternMed,2005,143(1):10—19.
[16]Melchart D,Streng A,Hoppe A,et a1.Acupuncture in patients with tension—type headache: randomised controlled trial [J].BMJ,2005,331(7 513):376—382.
[17]Scharf H P,Mansmann U,Streitberger K,et a1.Acupuncture and knee osteoarthritis a three-armedrandomized trial lJ].Ann Intern Med,2006,145(1):12—2O.
[18] Vickers A J,Feinstein M B,Deng G E,et a1.Acu—puncture for dyspnea in advanced cancer:a random—ized,placebo—controlled pilot trial[J].BMC PalliatCare,2005,4:5.
[19]赵凌任玉兰梁繁荣.有效整理古代针灸文献的研究方法与要求[J]成都中医药大学学报,2007,30(4):1-2
[20]胡银娥.数据挖掘技术在针刺手法参数研究中的应用思考,[J]中国针灸,2006,2(8):777-680.
[21]徐平.针刺治疗海洛因依赖者脱毒后稽延症状的RoughSet数据分析[J]上海中医药杂志2007,41(4):55-57.
[22]Z.Pawlak.Rough Set.International Journal of Computer and InformationSciences,1982,11(5):341-356
[23]王国撤.rough集理论与知识获取.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001,13-52
[24]刘立公顾杰难病针灸典籍通览上海科学技术出版社2007
[25] R.Agrawal,T.Imielinski,and A.Swami.Mining association rules between sets of items in largedatabases.ACM Press Publisher.1993:207～216
[26] R.Agrawal and R.Srikant.Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules in Large Databases.InResearch Report RJ 9839,IBM Almaden Research Center,SanJose,California,1994
[27]黎明,张化光.基于粗糙集的神经网络建模方法研究.[J]自动化学报.2002.28(1):2 7-33
[28]苏健.基于粗糙集的数据挖掘与决策支持方法研究.博士论文.浙江大学.2002
[29]彭健,汪同庆,居琰等.粗糙集理论在字符识别中的应用.[J]计算机工程.2002.28(11): 193-277
[30]秦中广,毛宗源,邓兆智.粗糙集在中医类风湿症候诊断中的应用.[J]中国生物医学工程学报.2001.20(4):357-363
[31]潘丹,曾安,郑启伦.一种基于粗糙集理论的智能故障诊断新方法.[J]计算机工程与应用2003,14:48-62
[32]张政超,关欣,何友粗糙集理论数据处理方法及其研究.[J]计算机技术与发展2010,20(4):12-15
[33]赵丹丹Apriori算法改进及其在中药知识发掘中的应用[J]计算机与现代化2007.8:24-55
[34]陈明,张书河关联规则在中医疾病证候诊断中的应用中华医学丛刊.2004,4(5):14-15
[35]童元元,赵英凯,于静.关联规则在中医药领域的应用研究[J]中国中医药信息杂志. 2009.7.16(7):96-97
[36]刘齐宏,唐常杰,李川,刘齐巍,曾涛,蒋永光.基于属性归纳的中药方剂数据挖掘[J]计算机应用2007,27(2):450-452
[37]丁维,蒋永光,宋姚屏.数据挖掘及其在中医领域的应用研究[J]数理医药学杂志2007.2O(3):403-404
[38]张万水,陈利国,黄运坤数据挖掘技术及其在中医遣方用药规律中的应用[J]辽宁中医药大学学报.2006.07(4)62-63
[39]陈擎文.数据挖掘技术在古代名中医中风医案之应用研究[J]中华中医药学刊2008.10.26(10)
[40]李垠含,石岩.数据挖掘技术在古代名中医中风医案之应用研究[J]长春中医药大学学报.2009.2.26(l0)
[41]谷波,张永奎文本聚类算法的分析与比较[J]电脑开发与应用2003 16(11):4-6
[42]粱永瑛,针灸治疗中风偏瘫选穴规律研究[J]上海针灸杂志2007.10.26(10)
[43]谷波,张永奎文本聚类算法的分析与比较[J]电脑开发与应用2003.16(11)