塔南凹陷基岩潜山储层特征研究
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摘要
塔南凹陷是位于海拉尔-塔姆察格盆地中央断陷带南部的一个次级负向构造单元。近年来在基岩中发现了较好油气显示,由于基岩潜山地质条件和油气成藏条件非常复杂,对基岩潜山油藏的地质认识如储层孔―洞-缝的形成机理和分布规律等问题还不清楚,限制了该区的勘探、开发步伐。本文综合利用地震、测井、录井、岩芯、生产测试等地质信息,对塔南凹陷基岩储集特征进行研究。重点分析了基岩储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用类型、标志、成岩序列及成岩阶段划分、基岩储层的物性特征及储层的储集空间类型、特征,并通过多种方法预测基岩裂缝的发育及分布情况,同时结合古地貌特征对储层进行综合评价,指出有利勘探区块。
塔南凹陷基岩潜山储层主要包括火山碎屑岩储层和碎屑岩储层。碎屑岩储层以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,成熟度较低,主要的成岩作用类型包括机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用、破裂作用、充填作用等,其中压实作用、胶结作用、填充作用对于储层的储集性能起到破坏作用,而交代作用、溶解作用及破裂作用有利于次生孔隙的形成。火山碎屑岩储层主要岩性为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质砂砾岩等,其重要的成岩作用包括机械压结作用、机械渗滤、脱玻化作用、蚀变作用、胶结作用、粘土矿物、溶蚀溶解作用等。塔南凹陷基岩潜山储层的主要成岩阶段为中成岩A期,次为中成岩B期。
塔南凹陷基岩潜山储层为低孔低渗-低孔特低渗特征。裂缝类型以构造成因型裂缝为主,是主要储集空间类型。本文应用测井解释、MVE及岩芯参数统计等方法对储层裂缝进行了预测。通过单井埋藏史研究,对该区古地貌特征进行了探讨,古地貌高差小可能是次生孔隙不太发育的主要原因。储层综合评价结果表明,塔南凹陷基岩储层整体储集性能较差,好储层仅占12%。优质储层主要分部在中部断陷带。
Tanan depression is a negative structure unit located in the south of central rift zone in Hailer- Tamtsag Basin. In recent years, people find better oil and gas show in the buried hill reservoir. Because of complex geological conditions and the conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation, the unclear geological knowledge of bedrock buried hill reservoir which include the formation mechanism and distribution of holes, features, which can not meet the needs of speeding up the exploration and development. So this paper is comprehensively used of seismic, well logging, logging, core and production testing to study the reservoir characteristics of bedrock buried hill in Tanan Depression. We stressly analyze petrologic characteristics, the type and logo of diagenesis, diagenesis sequence, the division of diagenesis stages and physical characteristics and the type of reservoir space and characteristics of the bedrock reservoirs. Because the distribution of the poor property feature determine the quality of reservoir properties. This paper prospects the development and distribution of bedrock feature by many methods. At the same time, combinating the ancient geomorphological features, we have pointed out the favorable exploration blocks by combining evaluation of the reservoir and provided foundation for the oilfield development.
The result shows that the bedrock buried hill reservoir includes pyroclastic rocks and clastic rock and the main clastic rock is feldspathic lithic sandstone and lithic feldspathic sandstone and its maturity is low. Main diagenesis types include mechanical compaction, cementation, metasomatism, dissolution, fracture diagenesis, cavity filling and so on. Compaction, cementation and cavity filling damage the reservoir properties, but metasomatism, dissolution and fracture diagenesis is favorable for the formation of secondary pore. The main lithology of pyroclastic rock is tuff, sedimentary tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous sandy conglomerate, etc. The important diagenesis include mechanical compaction, mechanical filtration, de-vitrified role, alteration, cementation, clay minerals, dissolution, etc. The main diagenesis stage is A period of middle diagenesis stage and B period of middle diagenesis stage is the second one.
The bedrock buried hill reservoir’s physical characteristics is low porosity and permeability - low porosity and low permeability in Tanan depression. The main type of fracture is tectonic origin type which is the main type of reservoir pore. The paper has prospected the reservoir fracture by well logging interpretation, MVE and core observation. At the same time, by the burial history research of single well ,we discuss characteristics of the ancient topography of the area. The ancient landform of small elevation difference may be the main reason for less developed secondary porosity. The various researches shows that the overall reservoir properties is worse, and the proportion of the good reservoir is 12%. Excellent reservoir is main located in the central of the rift zone.
塔南凹陷基岩潜山储层主要包括火山碎屑岩储层和碎屑岩储层。碎屑岩储层以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,成熟度较低,主要的成岩作用类型包括机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用、破裂作用、充填作用等,其中压实作用、胶结作用、填充作用对于储层的储集性能起到破坏作用,而交代作用、溶解作用及破裂作用有利于次生孔隙的形成。火山碎屑岩储层主要岩性为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质砂砾岩等,其重要的成岩作用包括机械压结作用、机械渗滤、脱玻化作用、蚀变作用、胶结作用、粘土矿物、溶蚀溶解作用等。塔南凹陷基岩潜山储层的主要成岩阶段为中成岩A期,次为中成岩B期。
塔南凹陷基岩潜山储层为低孔低渗-低孔特低渗特征。裂缝类型以构造成因型裂缝为主,是主要储集空间类型。本文应用测井解释、MVE及岩芯参数统计等方法对储层裂缝进行了预测。通过单井埋藏史研究,对该区古地貌特征进行了探讨,古地貌高差小可能是次生孔隙不太发育的主要原因。储层综合评价结果表明,塔南凹陷基岩储层整体储集性能较差,好储层仅占12%。优质储层主要分部在中部断陷带。
Tanan depression is a negative structure unit located in the south of central rift zone in Hailer- Tamtsag Basin. In recent years, people find better oil and gas show in the buried hill reservoir. Because of complex geological conditions and the conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation, the unclear geological knowledge of bedrock buried hill reservoir which include the formation mechanism and distribution of holes, features, which can not meet the needs of speeding up the exploration and development. So this paper is comprehensively used of seismic, well logging, logging, core and production testing to study the reservoir characteristics of bedrock buried hill in Tanan Depression. We stressly analyze petrologic characteristics, the type and logo of diagenesis, diagenesis sequence, the division of diagenesis stages and physical characteristics and the type of reservoir space and characteristics of the bedrock reservoirs. Because the distribution of the poor property feature determine the quality of reservoir properties. This paper prospects the development and distribution of bedrock feature by many methods. At the same time, combinating the ancient geomorphological features, we have pointed out the favorable exploration blocks by combining evaluation of the reservoir and provided foundation for the oilfield development.
The result shows that the bedrock buried hill reservoir includes pyroclastic rocks and clastic rock and the main clastic rock is feldspathic lithic sandstone and lithic feldspathic sandstone and its maturity is low. Main diagenesis types include mechanical compaction, cementation, metasomatism, dissolution, fracture diagenesis, cavity filling and so on. Compaction, cementation and cavity filling damage the reservoir properties, but metasomatism, dissolution and fracture diagenesis is favorable for the formation of secondary pore. The main lithology of pyroclastic rock is tuff, sedimentary tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous sandy conglomerate, etc. The important diagenesis include mechanical compaction, mechanical filtration, de-vitrified role, alteration, cementation, clay minerals, dissolution, etc. The main diagenesis stage is A period of middle diagenesis stage and B period of middle diagenesis stage is the second one.
The bedrock buried hill reservoir’s physical characteristics is low porosity and permeability - low porosity and low permeability in Tanan depression. The main type of fracture is tectonic origin type which is the main type of reservoir pore. The paper has prospected the reservoir fracture by well logging interpretation, MVE and core observation. At the same time, by the burial history research of single well ,we discuss characteristics of the ancient topography of the area. The ancient landform of small elevation difference may be the main reason for less developed secondary porosity. The various researches shows that the overall reservoir properties is worse, and the proportion of the good reservoir is 12%. Excellent reservoir is main located in the central of the rift zone.
引文
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[4] Scherer M, Paralneters influencing porosity in sandstone:a model for sandstone porosity prediction[J].The AAPG Bulletin, 1987, 71(5):485-491.
[5] Surdam R C,Crossey L J,Hagen E S.Organic-inorganic and sandstone diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):1-23.
[6] Bloch S, Lander R H, Linda Bonnell. Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs Origin and predictability[J].AAPG Bull , 2002, 86( 2):301-328.
[7] Kupecz J,Gluyas J,Bloch S.Reservoir quality prediction in sandstones and carbonates[J].AAPG Memoir, 1997.69:1-307.
[8]胡齐凯等,利用灰色模型预测储层孔隙度。江汉石油学院学报[J],2003,25(4):39-40.
[9]罗孝俊,杨卫东,李荣西,高丽萍.pH值对长石溶解度及次生孔隙发育的影响[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2001,20(2):103-107
[10]李士祥,胡明毅,李霞,许健,吴江平.鄂尔多斯盆地榆林气田山西组2段砂岩成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(2):31-32.
[11]张金亮,司学强,梁杰,林辉.陕甘宁盆地庆阳地区长8油层砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):225-233.
[12]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学.北京:石油工业出版社,2001,124-125.
[13]应凤祥,罗平,何东博,等.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩作用数值模拟.北京:石油工业出版社,2004,120-127.
[14]裘怿楠,薛叔浩,应凤祥.中国陆相油气储集层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,147-217.
[15]罗孝俊,杨卫东,李荣西,高丽萍.pH值对长石溶解度及次生孔隙发育的影响[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2001,20(2):103-107
[16]张厚福等.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999,101-104
[17]白东华.双重孔隙介质储层参数之确定[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1982,3:31-42
[18]范宜仁,夏文豪,邓少贵,林发武,刘德芳.基于常规测井资料的碳酸盐岩储层级别划分方法研究[J].测井技术,2009,33(6):535-538
[19]高瑞琴,剡慧君,朱爱民,罗学东,王慧,伍妍红,朱丽丽,高燕.二连油田中低孔隙度地层介电测井解释方法研究[J].2009,33(5):457-460
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