胶印油墨转移的应用研究
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摘要
随着科技的进步人们对印刷品质量要求越来越高,油墨转移作为影响印刷品质量的一个关键问题日益受到人们的关注。为了保证油墨转移的稳定,本文对胶印的油墨转移问题进行了探讨,确定影响胶印油墨转移的主要工艺参数及各参数与油墨转移的关系。得到了胶印油墨转移的基本规律,有利于在胶印油墨转移过程中确定最佳印刷工艺参数,提高胶印印品的质量。
本文根据胶印印刷工艺原理,通过对油墨转移过程和机理的分析得出影响胶印油墨转移的主要工艺参数。在实验的基础上用称重法计算油墨转移率,利用油墨转移率来表示各参数对油墨转移的影响,用正交实验和极差分析的方法得出各参数对油墨转移的影响,运用多项式回归分析法建立数学模型。
通过对油墨转移过程的分析,确定了影响油墨转移的主要工艺参数,用实验的方法得出各参数对油墨转移的影响趋势。在实验的基础上得出印刷压力、印刷速度与油墨转移率的关系曲线,拟合了曲线方程。分析了油墨黏度和纸张性能与油墨转移率的关系,得到了二者对油墨转移的影响规律。
结果表明:油墨黏度对油墨转移的影响最大,纸张性能的影响最小。油墨转移率随着印刷压力的增加而缓慢增加,油墨转移率与印刷压力呈三次曲线关系;油墨转移率与印刷速度呈反比关系,油墨转移率与印刷速度之间有二次曲线的关系;在相同印刷条件下,157g铜版纸与80g胶版纸的油墨转移率差别不大;油墨转移率随黏度的减小而增加,油墨黏度在一定范围内对油墨转移的影响是显著的,但当黏度降低到范围之外时,油墨黏度对油墨转移的影响反而降低。
The problem of ink transfer which influencing printing quality has been paid more and more attentyion with the improving of science and technology. To ensure the stability of the ink transfer, the purpose is to study the offset printing’s ink transfer, and ascertain the variable technologic parameters about ink transfer and the relationship between each parameter and ink transfer. The basic rules of offset printing’s ink transfer were obtained, and the rules are beneficial to ascertain printing technological parameters in offset printing process, and the quality of ink transfer and printing products is improved.
In this paper principal technologic parameters affecting offset printing’s ink transfer have been acquired by analyzing the ink transfer equation, based on offset printing technology principle. The ink transfer rate was calculated by means of different weights of ink. The impact of each parameter on ink transfer was analyzed by means of ink transfer rate. The influences of every parameter on the ink transfer were obtained by using orthogonal experiment and variance analysis. The models were established by regression analysis.
The main technological parameters affecting ink transfer were obtained by analyzing of the ink transfer process. The influencing trend between ink transfer rate and main parameters were obtained through experiments. The functions among printing pressure, printing speed and ink transfer rate were established based on experiments. The relation between ink tack and paper characteristic was analyzed, and the influencing rules were obtained.
The results indicate: the influence of ink viscosity is maximal to ink transfer, and the effect of paper’s properties is minimal in the main technologic parameters influencing ink transfer. Ink transfer rate is slowly increasing with printing pressure increasing. The relationship between ink transfer rate and printing pressure is cubic. The ink transfer rate reduces with printing speed increasing. The relationship between ink transfer rate and printing speed is conic. In the same printing condition, the transferring properties of 80g offset paper are a little better than 157g coated paper. The ink transfer rate increases along with the ink viscosity reducing. The ink viscosity has the notable impact on ink transfer rate in the certain range. But the influence of ink viscosity on ink transfer rate reduces when ink viscosity drops to the range.
本文根据胶印印刷工艺原理,通过对油墨转移过程和机理的分析得出影响胶印油墨转移的主要工艺参数。在实验的基础上用称重法计算油墨转移率,利用油墨转移率来表示各参数对油墨转移的影响,用正交实验和极差分析的方法得出各参数对油墨转移的影响,运用多项式回归分析法建立数学模型。
通过对油墨转移过程的分析,确定了影响油墨转移的主要工艺参数,用实验的方法得出各参数对油墨转移的影响趋势。在实验的基础上得出印刷压力、印刷速度与油墨转移率的关系曲线,拟合了曲线方程。分析了油墨黏度和纸张性能与油墨转移率的关系,得到了二者对油墨转移的影响规律。
结果表明:油墨黏度对油墨转移的影响最大,纸张性能的影响最小。油墨转移率随着印刷压力的增加而缓慢增加,油墨转移率与印刷压力呈三次曲线关系;油墨转移率与印刷速度呈反比关系,油墨转移率与印刷速度之间有二次曲线的关系;在相同印刷条件下,157g铜版纸与80g胶版纸的油墨转移率差别不大;油墨转移率随黏度的减小而增加,油墨黏度在一定范围内对油墨转移的影响是显著的,但当黏度降低到范围之外时,油墨黏度对油墨转移的影响反而降低。
The problem of ink transfer which influencing printing quality has been paid more and more attentyion with the improving of science and technology. To ensure the stability of the ink transfer, the purpose is to study the offset printing’s ink transfer, and ascertain the variable technologic parameters about ink transfer and the relationship between each parameter and ink transfer. The basic rules of offset printing’s ink transfer were obtained, and the rules are beneficial to ascertain printing technological parameters in offset printing process, and the quality of ink transfer and printing products is improved.
In this paper principal technologic parameters affecting offset printing’s ink transfer have been acquired by analyzing the ink transfer equation, based on offset printing technology principle. The ink transfer rate was calculated by means of different weights of ink. The impact of each parameter on ink transfer was analyzed by means of ink transfer rate. The influences of every parameter on the ink transfer were obtained by using orthogonal experiment and variance analysis. The models were established by regression analysis.
The main technological parameters affecting ink transfer were obtained by analyzing of the ink transfer process. The influencing trend between ink transfer rate and main parameters were obtained through experiments. The functions among printing pressure, printing speed and ink transfer rate were established based on experiments. The relation between ink tack and paper characteristic was analyzed, and the influencing rules were obtained.
The results indicate: the influence of ink viscosity is maximal to ink transfer, and the effect of paper’s properties is minimal in the main technologic parameters influencing ink transfer. Ink transfer rate is slowly increasing with printing pressure increasing. The relationship between ink transfer rate and printing pressure is cubic. The ink transfer rate reduces with printing speed increasing. The relationship between ink transfer rate and printing speed is conic. In the same printing condition, the transferring properties of 80g offset paper are a little better than 157g coated paper. The ink transfer rate increases along with the ink viscosity reducing. The ink viscosity has the notable impact on ink transfer rate in the certain range. But the influence of ink viscosity on ink transfer rate reduces when ink viscosity drops to the range.
引文
【1】刘昕.胶版印刷工艺原理[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2000.171～224
【2】吴宗岳.纸张油墨印刷学[M].台北:徐氏基金会出版,1992.60～60
【3】[日]印刷适性研究委员会.印刷适性[M].丁一译.科学出版社,1982.123～124,131～133
【4】陈德荣译.印刷品质量的检测与控制[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1998.269～269
【5】Yuri Bery.An Ink Transfer Equation[A].TAGA Proceedings[C],1978:172～191
【6】A.C. Zettlemoyer, R.F.Scarr etc.Influence of Ink Properties on Transfer during Printing [A].TAGA Proceedings[C] ,1957:75～86
【7】Shem M.Chou,Norman Harbin.Relationship Between Ink Mileage and Ink Transfer [A]. TAGA Proceedings[C],1991:405～433
【8】Yasuske Takahashi etc.Ink Transfer Mechanism in Offset Printing Process[A].TAGA Proceedings [C],1983:547～563
【9】S.Elsayad etc.Some parameters affecting ink transfer in gravure printing.Pigment & Resin Technology[C], Vol.31,(4), July 2002:234～240
【10】Charles H. Borchers,William L. Boehm. Current Studies of Ink Transfer to Paper in Lithography[A]. TAGA Proceedings[C],1959:37～49
【11】Anne Blayo,Ludovic Fouché.Transfer Characterization of UV Flexo Inks[A]. TAGA Proceedings [C],2001:426～433
【12】陈亚雄,冯瑞乾.油墨转移方程参数赋值的微分迭代法.北京印刷学院学报[J],1994(1) :25～32
【13】李小东,沅立.胶印油墨转移分析.包装工程[J],2003,Vol .24(2):15～16
【14】徐昌权,纪爱平等.印刷速度、压力、给墨量在金墨印刷中对油墨转移量的影响.印刷杂志[J],1995(1):17～20
【15】牛玉丽.油墨传输中墨层厚度的电算法.印刷杂志[J],1998(8) :30～33
【16】刘昕.油墨转移的最新研究进展.今日印刷[J],2003(12) :63～65
【17】智川,陈正伟.柔版印刷转移规律的探讨.包装工程[J],2005,Vol.26:58～59
【18】李翠荣,李密丹等.胶印油墨的乳化问题.中国印刷物资商情[J],1999(11) :43～44
【19】Johan C.Fr?berg etc.Effect of ink-fountain balance on ink-tack development[C].American Ink Maker 1999(1) :56～61.
【20】M.J. Thompson,M.R.Mackley. Lithographic a mulsion rheology at low and high shear rates [A]. TAGA Proceedings[C],2000:.634～649
【21】陈金如.浅谈与水墨平衡有关的若干问题.印刷世界[J],2001(4):32～32
【22】冯瑞乾.印刷原理及工艺[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1999.156～156,225～225
【23】刘宁俊.如何在平版印刷中实现油墨正常传递.印刷杂志[J],1999(12):32～33
【24】任立娟,成刚虎.油墨量对油墨密度的影响.今日印刷[J],2004(12):80～82
【25】Patrice J.Mangin etc.A Papermaker's Approach to the Analysis of Paper Printing Characteristics[A]. TAGA Proceedings[C],1985:359～382
【26】王新城.纸张的吸墨性对印刷产品质量的影响.中国印刷物资商情[J],2002:7～7
【27】王新城.纸张、油墨、印刷条件与印品光泽度的关系.印刷世界[J],2005,(5):43～44
【28】唐辉宇.纸张性能对印品呈色效果的影响.中国包装工业[J],2005(3) :50～51
【29】张峻岭,彤东浩.纸张性能对印刷品质量的影响.机电信息[J],2005(2) :21～23
【30】李荣星.油墨[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1988
【31】王正清.油墨的印刷适性与流变性之间的关系.高分子材料科学与工程[J],1997,Vol.(13):141～145
【32】魏先福.胶印油墨的流动曲线与分散性.北京印刷学院院报[J],1999(12) :42～46
【33】陈杜发.平版胶印印刷材料[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1988.89～89
【34】戴春.如何提高凹印油墨转移率.云南印刷[J],1998(1):12～14
【35】直振山.印刷压力与油墨转移.印刷技术[J],2002(1-2):21～21
【36】王新城.印刷速度对印刷压力的影响.印刷质量与标准化[J],2004(6):47～47
【37】夏军.如何掌握印刷压力.印刷杂志[J],2002(7):38～41
【38】栾存富.平版胶印机印刷压力浅析.广东印刷[J],2003(2):24～25
【39】李云雁,胡传荣.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.44～67
【40】白新桂.数据分析与实验优化设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1989.151～156
【41】夏琳瑛. 印刷适性试验机的结构、调节与使用. 印刷质量与标准化[J],1996(1) :9～12
【2】吴宗岳.纸张油墨印刷学[M].台北:徐氏基金会出版,1992.60～60
【3】[日]印刷适性研究委员会.印刷适性[M].丁一译.科学出版社,1982.123～124,131～133
【4】陈德荣译.印刷品质量的检测与控制[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1998.269～269
【5】Yuri Bery.An Ink Transfer Equation[A].TAGA Proceedings[C],1978:172～191
【6】A.C. Zettlemoyer, R.F.Scarr etc.Influence of Ink Properties on Transfer during Printing [A].TAGA Proceedings[C] ,1957:75～86
【7】Shem M.Chou,Norman Harbin.Relationship Between Ink Mileage and Ink Transfer [A]. TAGA Proceedings[C],1991:405～433
【8】Yasuske Takahashi etc.Ink Transfer Mechanism in Offset Printing Process[A].TAGA Proceedings [C],1983:547～563
【9】S.Elsayad etc.Some parameters affecting ink transfer in gravure printing.Pigment & Resin Technology[C], Vol.31,(4), July 2002:234～240
【10】Charles H. Borchers,William L. Boehm. Current Studies of Ink Transfer to Paper in Lithography[A]. TAGA Proceedings[C],1959:37～49
【11】Anne Blayo,Ludovic Fouché.Transfer Characterization of UV Flexo Inks[A]. TAGA Proceedings [C],2001:426～433
【12】陈亚雄,冯瑞乾.油墨转移方程参数赋值的微分迭代法.北京印刷学院学报[J],1994(1) :25～32
【13】李小东,沅立.胶印油墨转移分析.包装工程[J],2003,Vol .24(2):15～16
【14】徐昌权,纪爱平等.印刷速度、压力、给墨量在金墨印刷中对油墨转移量的影响.印刷杂志[J],1995(1):17～20
【15】牛玉丽.油墨传输中墨层厚度的电算法.印刷杂志[J],1998(8) :30～33
【16】刘昕.油墨转移的最新研究进展.今日印刷[J],2003(12) :63～65
【17】智川,陈正伟.柔版印刷转移规律的探讨.包装工程[J],2005,Vol.26:58～59
【18】李翠荣,李密丹等.胶印油墨的乳化问题.中国印刷物资商情[J],1999(11) :43～44
【19】Johan C.Fr?berg etc.Effect of ink-fountain balance on ink-tack development[C].American Ink Maker 1999(1) :56～61.
【20】M.J. Thompson,M.R.Mackley. Lithographic a mulsion rheology at low and high shear rates [A]. TAGA Proceedings[C],2000:.634～649
【21】陈金如.浅谈与水墨平衡有关的若干问题.印刷世界[J],2001(4):32～32
【22】冯瑞乾.印刷原理及工艺[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1999.156～156,225～225
【23】刘宁俊.如何在平版印刷中实现油墨正常传递.印刷杂志[J],1999(12):32～33
【24】任立娟,成刚虎.油墨量对油墨密度的影响.今日印刷[J],2004(12):80～82
【25】Patrice J.Mangin etc.A Papermaker's Approach to the Analysis of Paper Printing Characteristics[A]. TAGA Proceedings[C],1985:359～382
【26】王新城.纸张的吸墨性对印刷产品质量的影响.中国印刷物资商情[J],2002:7～7
【27】王新城.纸张、油墨、印刷条件与印品光泽度的关系.印刷世界[J],2005,(5):43～44
【28】唐辉宇.纸张性能对印品呈色效果的影响.中国包装工业[J],2005(3) :50～51
【29】张峻岭,彤东浩.纸张性能对印刷品质量的影响.机电信息[J],2005(2) :21～23
【30】李荣星.油墨[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1988
【31】王正清.油墨的印刷适性与流变性之间的关系.高分子材料科学与工程[J],1997,Vol.(13):141～145
【32】魏先福.胶印油墨的流动曲线与分散性.北京印刷学院院报[J],1999(12) :42～46
【33】陈杜发.平版胶印印刷材料[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1988.89～89
【34】戴春.如何提高凹印油墨转移率.云南印刷[J],1998(1):12～14
【35】直振山.印刷压力与油墨转移.印刷技术[J],2002(1-2):21～21
【36】王新城.印刷速度对印刷压力的影响.印刷质量与标准化[J],2004(6):47～47
【37】夏军.如何掌握印刷压力.印刷杂志[J],2002(7):38～41
【38】栾存富.平版胶印机印刷压力浅析.广东印刷[J],2003(2):24～25
【39】李云雁,胡传荣.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.44～67
【40】白新桂.数据分析与实验优化设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1989.151～156
【41】夏琳瑛. 印刷适性试验机的结构、调节与使用. 印刷质量与标准化[J],1996(1) :9～12