胶印机输纸机构的优化设计与仿真研究
摘要
随着我国加入WTO组织，印刷业在国内迅猛发展，印刷速度作为制约印刷业发展的瓶颈，急需被以较好的方式解决。本文就是在这种背景下，与上海光华印刷机械厂联合以改进胶印机PZ4650的输纸机构。
胶印机的输纸机构是凸轮连杆组合机构。本文首先研究了凸轮连杆机构的运动规律，然后基于逆向工程的思想，得出现有凸轮的轮廓曲线。利用UG强大的建模、装配及运动仿真功能完成对现有机构的运动仿真，得出其速度、加速度数据及图表。在MATLAB中构建输纸机构模型并进行仿真，绘出速度、加速度曲线，得出与UG相近的结果，证明建模的成功。基于遗传算法在MATLAB中编制优化程序，对凸轮轮廓线进行优化。最后通过对比优化前后的凸轮连杆机构的速度、加速度数值，证明了优化改进了凸轮连杆机构的运动性能。
具体完成工作如下：
1．基于逆向工程的思想，得出现有凸轮的轮廓线数据，并利用UG／Open Grip语言编制了凸轮生成程序，完成了从离散数据到凸轮模型的转化。
2．在UG中完成输纸机构的建模、装配、运动仿真，得到现有凸轮机构的速度、加速度数据。
3．根据数据选择现有机构的运动规律，在MATLAB中建立输纸机构数学模型，逆着机构传动方向，求得现有凸轮在理想状态下的轮廓线。
4．在MATLAB中完成输纸机构模型的构建，作为运动仿真的平台。
5．研究了遗传算法的基本原理及其在机械设计中的应用。根据本课题的情况编制相应的算法函数，运算求解，得出优化结果。
Printing industry has been developing quickly, since China joined into WTO in 2003. Improve the printing speed is the most important question should be solved as soon as possible. This paper is based on project with Shanghai Guanghua Imprinter Company to optimize the feeder in offsetting imprinter PZ4650.
Feeder in offsetting imprinter is a combine of cam and four-bar linkages. This paper discusses the motion law of cam-mechanism, and then get exist cam profile via reverse engineering. UG is powerful in modeling and motion simulation, use it get the velocity and acceleration of exist mechanism. MATLAB is powerful in calculation and simulation, modeling the exist mechanism and get the velocity and acceleration, compare with the result from UG, prove the model in MATLAB is available. Then use these two powerful tools improve the profile of cam based on genetic algorithms, achieves a better result both in machine's velocity and acceleration.
Finished work is followed:
1. Get data of exist cam via reverse engineering, use UG/Open GRIP make the data into real cam profile.
2. Finished machine modeling, assembly, and motion simulation in UG, get the velocity and acceleration data.
3. Select motion low of mechanism based on the velocity and acceleration data, model this mechanism in MATLAB, get the ideal profile of exist cam.
4. Model this mechanism in SimMechanics, make it the platform for Experiment.
5. Learn about genetic algorithms theory and their use in mechanical design. Finished genetic algorithms program, run it, get optimized result.
胶印机的输纸机构是凸轮连杆组合机构。本文首先研究了凸轮连杆机构的运动规律，然后基于逆向工程的思想，得出现有凸轮的轮廓曲线。利用UG强大的建模、装配及运动仿真功能完成对现有机构的运动仿真，得出其速度、加速度数据及图表。在MATLAB中构建输纸机构模型并进行仿真，绘出速度、加速度曲线，得出与UG相近的结果，证明建模的成功。基于遗传算法在MATLAB中编制优化程序，对凸轮轮廓线进行优化。最后通过对比优化前后的凸轮连杆机构的速度、加速度数值，证明了优化改进了凸轮连杆机构的运动性能。
具体完成工作如下：
1．基于逆向工程的思想，得出现有凸轮的轮廓线数据，并利用UG／Open Grip语言编制了凸轮生成程序，完成了从离散数据到凸轮模型的转化。
2．在UG中完成输纸机构的建模、装配、运动仿真，得到现有凸轮机构的速度、加速度数据。
3．根据数据选择现有机构的运动规律，在MATLAB中建立输纸机构数学模型，逆着机构传动方向，求得现有凸轮在理想状态下的轮廓线。
4．在MATLAB中完成输纸机构模型的构建，作为运动仿真的平台。
5．研究了遗传算法的基本原理及其在机械设计中的应用。根据本课题的情况编制相应的算法函数，运算求解，得出优化结果。
Printing industry has been developing quickly, since China joined into WTO in 2003. Improve the printing speed is the most important question should be solved as soon as possible. This paper is based on project with Shanghai Guanghua Imprinter Company to optimize the feeder in offsetting imprinter PZ4650.
Feeder in offsetting imprinter is a combine of cam and four-bar linkages. This paper discusses the motion law of cam-mechanism, and then get exist cam profile via reverse engineering. UG is powerful in modeling and motion simulation, use it get the velocity and acceleration of exist mechanism. MATLAB is powerful in calculation and simulation, modeling the exist mechanism and get the velocity and acceleration, compare with the result from UG, prove the model in MATLAB is available. Then use these two powerful tools improve the profile of cam based on genetic algorithms, achieves a better result both in machine's velocity and acceleration.
Finished work is followed:
1. Get data of exist cam via reverse engineering, use UG/Open GRIP make the data into real cam profile.
2. Finished machine modeling, assembly, and motion simulation in UG, get the velocity and acceleration data.
3. Select motion low of mechanism based on the velocity and acceleration data, model this mechanism in MATLAB, get the ideal profile of exist cam.
4. Model this mechanism in SimMechanics, make it the platform for Experiment.
5. Learn about genetic algorithms theory and their use in mechanical design. Finished genetic algorithms program, run it, get optimized result.
引文
[1]．潘杰，《现代印刷机原理与结构》，化学工业出版社，2003．2，1-43
[2]. Mill J K, Optimal design and sensitivity analysis of flexible cam mechanisms, Mech Mach Theory, 1993
[3]. Peng Y, Optimal design of the geometric parameters of a disk cam translating follower mechanism using Chebychev approximation, Advance in Design Automation, 1992
[4]. Belestij V Y, Optimization synthesis and analysis of cam-rocker mechanism with roller, Machinored, 1991
[5]. Chan Y W, Optimization cam design, Comput Appl Technol, 1996
[6]. Tasy, Stochastic D M, Optimal control of vibrations of a high-speed cam-driven mechanism, Mech Mach Theory, 1990
[7]. Bagci, Camil, Steady-state rigid-body dynamic response of cam-follower systems using laplace transform, 20th Design Automation Conference, ASME Des Div Publ DE, 1994
[8]. Yilmaz, Yuksel, Vibration of disc cam mechanism, Mech Mach Theory, 1995
[9]. Mahyuddin A I, Steady-state rigid-body dynamic response of cam-follower mechanism, 23rd Biennial Mechanism Conference, ASME Des Div Publ DE, 1994
[10]. Cardona, Aiberto, Kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms with cams, Comput Methods Appl Eng, 1993
[11]. Drenser T L, New methods for dynamic analysis of flexible single-input and multi-input cam-follower systems, J Mech Des, Trans ASME, 1995
[12]．赵伟，丁爵曾，梁锦华，《凸轮机构设计》，高等教育出版社，1993
[13]．董正平，傅燕鸣，印刷机械钟凸轮机构的反求设计，《机械设计与研究》，2003．8
[14]．吴若梅，唐少炎等，基于遗传算法的包装推料机构的反求设计，《食品与机械》，2004．8
[15]．李智，李战胜等，基于蚁群算法的内燃机配器机构凸轮型线的动力学仿真，《农业工程学报》，2005．6
[16]．李智，孙江波，基于免疫算法的内燃机配器机构型线动力学优化设计，《振动与冲击》，2005．6
[17]．洪如瑾，《UGNX2 CAD快速入门》，清华大学出版社，2004
[18]．UGS SOLUTION，《UG高级装配培训教程》，清华大学出版社，2002
[19]．Unigraphics Solutions Inc．胡晓康译，《UG运动分析培训教程》，清华大学出版社，2002
[20]．薛定宇，陈阳泉，《基于MATLAB／Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用》，清华大学出版社，2002
[21]．王家文，王皓，刘海，((MATLAB7.0编程基础》，机械工业出版社，2005
[22]. The Mathworks. Inc, 'Matlab help', 1984-2006
[23]．王庆林，《UG／Open GRIP实用编程基础》，清华大学出版社，2002
[24]．孙家广，杨长贵，《计算机图形学(新版)》，清华大学出版社，1995．5，第二版，276-302
[25]．陈伦军，《机械优化设计遗传算法》，机械工业出版社，2005．3
[26]. The Mathworks. Inc, 'SimMechanics for use with Simulink User's Guide', version 2.5, 2006
[27]．朱先梅，成钢虎，串联机构中凸轮曲线反求及其应用，《机床与液压》，2004．6
[28]．J．伏尔默，《凸轮机构》，机械工业出版社，1983．12，22-47
[29]．Kurt Luck，Karl-Heinz Modler，孔建益译，《机械原理分析·综合·优化》，机械工业出版社，2003．9
[30]. The Mathworks. Inc, 'Mech CAD',2006.9
[31]．管荣法，汤从心，《凸轮与凸轮机构基础》，国防工业出版社，1985．8
[32]．杨红梅，李铁军，B-Spline曲线的反算拟合及其迭代算法，《辽宁工学院学报》，1999．10
[33]．陈扬，《MATLAB 6．x图形编程与图像处理》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
[34]．侯悦民，张伟，鲍莉，利用三次均匀B-样条曲线优化设计凸轮轮廓线，《农业机械学报》，2003．3
[35]. The MathWorks. Inc, 'Spline Box User's Guide',2006
[36]．雷英杰，张善文等，《MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2005．4
[2]. Mill J K, Optimal design and sensitivity analysis of flexible cam mechanisms, Mech Mach Theory, 1993
[3]. Peng Y, Optimal design of the geometric parameters of a disk cam translating follower mechanism using Chebychev approximation, Advance in Design Automation, 1992
[4]. Belestij V Y, Optimization synthesis and analysis of cam-rocker mechanism with roller, Machinored, 1991
[5]. Chan Y W, Optimization cam design, Comput Appl Technol, 1996
[6]. Tasy, Stochastic D M, Optimal control of vibrations of a high-speed cam-driven mechanism, Mech Mach Theory, 1990
[7]. Bagci, Camil, Steady-state rigid-body dynamic response of cam-follower systems using laplace transform, 20th Design Automation Conference, ASME Des Div Publ DE, 1994
[8]. Yilmaz, Yuksel, Vibration of disc cam mechanism, Mech Mach Theory, 1995
[9]. Mahyuddin A I, Steady-state rigid-body dynamic response of cam-follower mechanism, 23rd Biennial Mechanism Conference, ASME Des Div Publ DE, 1994
[10]. Cardona, Aiberto, Kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms with cams, Comput Methods Appl Eng, 1993
[11]. Drenser T L, New methods for dynamic analysis of flexible single-input and multi-input cam-follower systems, J Mech Des, Trans ASME, 1995
[12]．赵伟，丁爵曾，梁锦华，《凸轮机构设计》，高等教育出版社，1993
[13]．董正平，傅燕鸣，印刷机械钟凸轮机构的反求设计，《机械设计与研究》，2003．8
[14]．吴若梅，唐少炎等，基于遗传算法的包装推料机构的反求设计，《食品与机械》，2004．8
[15]．李智，李战胜等，基于蚁群算法的内燃机配器机构凸轮型线的动力学仿真，《农业工程学报》，2005．6
[16]．李智，孙江波，基于免疫算法的内燃机配器机构型线动力学优化设计，《振动与冲击》，2005．6
[17]．洪如瑾，《UGNX2 CAD快速入门》，清华大学出版社，2004
[18]．UGS SOLUTION，《UG高级装配培训教程》，清华大学出版社，2002
[19]．Unigraphics Solutions Inc．胡晓康译，《UG运动分析培训教程》，清华大学出版社，2002
[20]．薛定宇，陈阳泉，《基于MATLAB／Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用》，清华大学出版社，2002
[21]．王家文，王皓，刘海，((MATLAB7.0编程基础》，机械工业出版社，2005
[22]. The Mathworks. Inc, 'Matlab help', 1984-2006
[23]．王庆林，《UG／Open GRIP实用编程基础》，清华大学出版社，2002
[24]．孙家广，杨长贵，《计算机图形学(新版)》，清华大学出版社，1995．5，第二版，276-302
[25]．陈伦军，《机械优化设计遗传算法》，机械工业出版社，2005．3
[26]. The Mathworks. Inc, 'SimMechanics for use with Simulink User's Guide', version 2.5, 2006
[27]．朱先梅，成钢虎，串联机构中凸轮曲线反求及其应用，《机床与液压》，2004．6
[28]．J．伏尔默，《凸轮机构》，机械工业出版社，1983．12，22-47
[29]．Kurt Luck，Karl-Heinz Modler，孔建益译，《机械原理分析·综合·优化》，机械工业出版社，2003．9
[30]. The Mathworks. Inc, 'Mech CAD',2006.9
[31]．管荣法，汤从心，《凸轮与凸轮机构基础》，国防工业出版社，1985．8
[32]．杨红梅，李铁军，B-Spline曲线的反算拟合及其迭代算法，《辽宁工学院学报》，1999．10
[33]．陈扬，《MATLAB 6．x图形编程与图像处理》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
[34]．侯悦民，张伟，鲍莉，利用三次均匀B-样条曲线优化设计凸轮轮廓线，《农业机械学报》，2003．3
[35]. The MathWorks. Inc, 'Spline Box User's Guide',2006
[36]．雷英杰，张善文等，《MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用》，西安电子科技大学出版社，2005．4