吉林高含CO_2深层天然气田水泥浆体系设计与应用研究
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摘要
近年来，吉林油田深层油气资源已经成为其勘探开发的重点，在已钻成的大量油气井中，获得了良好的油气发现。但随着井深的增加，井下情况越来越复杂，尤其是部分吉林深层天然气田高含CO_2酸性气体，给固井带来了新的挑战，CO_2严重腐蚀生产管柱和水泥石，导致气井服役寿命减少。为了解决以上问题，提高吉林高含CO_2深层天然气田的固井质量，亟需研发适用于吉林深层气田防CO_2腐蚀的水泥浆体系。
针对吉林高含CO_2深层天然气田固井作业存在的突出问题，本文在借鉴国内外防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆体系研究成果的基础上，通过对CO_2腐蚀水泥环机理的研究，确定了CO_2腐蚀水泥环的评价方法和防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆体系的设计原则，完成了波特兰基和磷酸盐水泥浆设计，其中波特兰基防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆体系在两口试验井固井作业后显示了良好的抗CO_2腐蚀特性。
（1）波特兰基防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆设计
通过考察95℃、CO_2分压2MPa条件下，常规防窜水泥浆体系及不同材料在360d内的抗腐蚀性能，确定了适合吉林高含CO_2深层天然气田的防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆体系的基本组成材料。筛选出了适合长岭气田高含CO_2的高温深井固井用抗腐蚀外掺料F11F，考察了F11F在150℃、CO_2分压2MPa下28d的抗腐蚀性能和水泥石微观结构，确定了与之相配套的其它油井水泥高温外加剂，形成了以F11F为核心的防CO_2腐蚀高温波特兰基水泥浆体系。
（2）磷酸盐防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆设计
通过研究磷酸镁和磷酸钙水泥的制备、水化机理、耐CO_2腐蚀等特性，开发了磷酸盐水泥。通过分析水泥石的微观结构和磷酸盐水泥浆的水化产物，结合磷酸盐的水化特点和表面性质，研发了配套的缓凝剂和降失水剂。测试了磷酸盐水泥浆的流变性能、防窜性能、综合性能及与硅酸盐水泥的相容性，并显示了良好的抗CO_2腐蚀能力。
2009年以外掺料F11F为核心的波特兰基水泥浆体系在吉林高含CO_2深层天然气田-长岭断陷中部凸起带哈尔金构造两口试验井开展了现场固井试验，顺利完成了固井任务，全井段测井质量合格。截止目前该试验井累计正常生产时间已超过3年，未见CO_2腐蚀异常情况，说明外掺料F11F为核心的新型固井水泥浆体系有效地抑制了CO_2腐蚀水泥石，达到了设计要求。
In recent years, the exploration and development for Jilin Oilfield mainly focus on thedeep oil and gas resources, and good oil and gas resources were found in the oil and gas wellshaving been drilled. However, downhole conditions become more and more complex with theincrease of well depth, especially part of deep natural gas fields with high carbon dioxide,which brings new challenges to cementing. Carbon dioxide severely corrodes productionstring and cemented rock, which reduces the service life of gas wells. In order to solve theabove problems and improve the cementing quality of Jilin deep gas fields with high carbondioxide, it is imperative that developing a cement slurry system can be applied for Jilin deepgas fields to prevent the carbon dioxide corrosion.
Given the existing prominent problems of cement jobs in Jilin deep gas fields with highcarbon dioxide, based on the findings of carbon-dioxide corrosion resistance cement slurriesat home and abroad, this paper determined the evaluation methods of carbon-dioxidecorrosion cement sheath and design principles of carbon-dioxide corrosion resistance cementslurries by studying the carbon-dioxide corrosion mechanism to cement slurry, and completedthe design of Portland and phosphate cement slurries. Also, the results showed the goodability to resist the carbon-dioxide corrosion after Portland carbon-dioxide corrosionresistance cement slurries were applied for the cement jobs of two test wells.
(1) Design of Portland corrosion resistance cement slurries
By observing the corrosion resistance of conventional anti-channeling cement slurriesand different materials within360days at a temperature of95℃and a carbon-dioxide partialpressure of2MPa, this study determined the basic materials used to develop the carbon-dioxide corrosion resistance cement slurries for Jilin deep gas fields with high carbon dioxide,and screened the anti-corrosion admixture F11F to meet the high-temperature and deep-wellcementing demands of Changling gas field with high carbon dioxide. Investigating thecorrosion resistance performance and cemented rock microstructure of F11F within28days ata temperature of150℃and a carbon-dioxide partial pressure of2MPa was to determine otherhigh-temperature oil well cement additives with matching the F11F, and form the Portlandcarbon-dioxide corrosion resistance cement slurries which take F11F admixture as the core.
(2) Design of phosphate corrosion resistance cement slurries
This paper developed the phosphate cement by analyzing the preparation, hydration mechanism, carbon-dioxide corrosion resistance, etc of magnesium phosphate cement andcalcium phosphate cement. Through the analysis of the cemented rock microstructure andphosphate cement hydration products, combined with phosphate hydration characteristics andsurface properties, the matching retarder and fluid loss agent were developed. Testingphosphate cement rheological properties, anti-channeling performance, overall performanceand the compatibility with phosphate cement indicated a good corrosion resistance ability tocarbon dioxide.
Portland cement slurries which take F11F admixture as the core have applied forcementing tests on two wells of Jilin deep gas fields-Changling fault central Herjin upliftstructure with high carbon dioxide in2009, and completed the cementing task successfully. Sofar, these test wells have worked more than3years, and there are no abnormal conditions ofcarbon-dioxide corrosion. These indicate that the new cement slurries which take F11Fadmixture as the core can effectively restrain the carbon dioxide corrosion and meet thedesign requirements.
针对吉林高含CO_2深层天然气田固井作业存在的突出问题，本文在借鉴国内外防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆体系研究成果的基础上，通过对CO_2腐蚀水泥环机理的研究，确定了CO_2腐蚀水泥环的评价方法和防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆体系的设计原则，完成了波特兰基和磷酸盐水泥浆设计，其中波特兰基防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆体系在两口试验井固井作业后显示了良好的抗CO_2腐蚀特性。
（1）波特兰基防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆设计
通过考察95℃、CO_2分压2MPa条件下，常规防窜水泥浆体系及不同材料在360d内的抗腐蚀性能，确定了适合吉林高含CO_2深层天然气田的防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆体系的基本组成材料。筛选出了适合长岭气田高含CO_2的高温深井固井用抗腐蚀外掺料F11F，考察了F11F在150℃、CO_2分压2MPa下28d的抗腐蚀性能和水泥石微观结构，确定了与之相配套的其它油井水泥高温外加剂，形成了以F11F为核心的防CO_2腐蚀高温波特兰基水泥浆体系。
（2）磷酸盐防CO_2腐蚀水泥浆设计
通过研究磷酸镁和磷酸钙水泥的制备、水化机理、耐CO_2腐蚀等特性，开发了磷酸盐水泥。通过分析水泥石的微观结构和磷酸盐水泥浆的水化产物，结合磷酸盐的水化特点和表面性质，研发了配套的缓凝剂和降失水剂。测试了磷酸盐水泥浆的流变性能、防窜性能、综合性能及与硅酸盐水泥的相容性，并显示了良好的抗CO_2腐蚀能力。
2009年以外掺料F11F为核心的波特兰基水泥浆体系在吉林高含CO_2深层天然气田-长岭断陷中部凸起带哈尔金构造两口试验井开展了现场固井试验，顺利完成了固井任务，全井段测井质量合格。截止目前该试验井累计正常生产时间已超过3年，未见CO_2腐蚀异常情况，说明外掺料F11F为核心的新型固井水泥浆体系有效地抑制了CO_2腐蚀水泥石，达到了设计要求。
In recent years, the exploration and development for Jilin Oilfield mainly focus on thedeep oil and gas resources, and good oil and gas resources were found in the oil and gas wellshaving been drilled. However, downhole conditions become more and more complex with theincrease of well depth, especially part of deep natural gas fields with high carbon dioxide,which brings new challenges to cementing. Carbon dioxide severely corrodes productionstring and cemented rock, which reduces the service life of gas wells. In order to solve theabove problems and improve the cementing quality of Jilin deep gas fields with high carbondioxide, it is imperative that developing a cement slurry system can be applied for Jilin deepgas fields to prevent the carbon dioxide corrosion.
Given the existing prominent problems of cement jobs in Jilin deep gas fields with highcarbon dioxide, based on the findings of carbon-dioxide corrosion resistance cement slurriesat home and abroad, this paper determined the evaluation methods of carbon-dioxidecorrosion cement sheath and design principles of carbon-dioxide corrosion resistance cementslurries by studying the carbon-dioxide corrosion mechanism to cement slurry, and completedthe design of Portland and phosphate cement slurries. Also, the results showed the goodability to resist the carbon-dioxide corrosion after Portland carbon-dioxide corrosionresistance cement slurries were applied for the cement jobs of two test wells.
(1) Design of Portland corrosion resistance cement slurries
By observing the corrosion resistance of conventional anti-channeling cement slurriesand different materials within360days at a temperature of95℃and a carbon-dioxide partialpressure of2MPa, this study determined the basic materials used to develop the carbon-dioxide corrosion resistance cement slurries for Jilin deep gas fields with high carbon dioxide,and screened the anti-corrosion admixture F11F to meet the high-temperature and deep-wellcementing demands of Changling gas field with high carbon dioxide. Investigating thecorrosion resistance performance and cemented rock microstructure of F11F within28days ata temperature of150℃and a carbon-dioxide partial pressure of2MPa was to determine otherhigh-temperature oil well cement additives with matching the F11F, and form the Portlandcarbon-dioxide corrosion resistance cement slurries which take F11F admixture as the core.
(2) Design of phosphate corrosion resistance cement slurries
This paper developed the phosphate cement by analyzing the preparation, hydration mechanism, carbon-dioxide corrosion resistance, etc of magnesium phosphate cement andcalcium phosphate cement. Through the analysis of the cemented rock microstructure andphosphate cement hydration products, combined with phosphate hydration characteristics andsurface properties, the matching retarder and fluid loss agent were developed. Testingphosphate cement rheological properties, anti-channeling performance, overall performanceand the compatibility with phosphate cement indicated a good corrosion resistance ability tocarbon dioxide.
Portland cement slurries which take F11F admixture as the core have applied forcementing tests on two wells of Jilin deep gas fields-Changling fault central Herjin upliftstructure with high carbon dioxide in2009, and completed the cementing task successfully. Sofar, these test wells have worked more than3years, and there are no abnormal conditions ofcarbon-dioxide corrosion. These indicate that the new cement slurries which take F11Fadmixture as the core can effectively restrain the carbon dioxide corrosion and meet thedesign requirements.
引文
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