面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统研究
|
摘要
依据买方市场客户需求的变化特征,制造业的竞争将聚焦于柔性和对市场的快速响应。制造商发现以传统的大量生产模式来获取市场份额和改善绩效变得越来越困难,而塑造和保持竞争优势的关键在于：采取先进制造模式,精确地管理需求变化的订单完成生产流程,低成本、高柔性和高效率地满足客户期望的定制需求。许多制造企业利用供应链的思想来重组其组织结构,采取大规模定制(Mass Customization,MC)生产模式来满足市场需求变化的挑战。本文在这一趋势下,提出了面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统的基本框架,重点研究了延迟策略在这一生产系统中的运作机理和流程,其主要内容如下：
(1)面向MC供应链运作系统框架的构建。论文在对实施MC经济分析的基础上,总结MC实施的关键技术,重点探讨了MC与供应链运作间的相互关系,提出了面向MC的供应链理论,认为面向MC的供应链是以客户个性化需求为导向,通过整合供应链节点企业资源所形成的精捷竞合关系,最后,构建了面向MC的供应链运作系统基本框架,并对其特征进行了深入分析。
(2)面向MC的供应链延迟策略实施的机理研究。延迟策略的实施及客户订单分离点(Customer Order Decoupling Point,CODP)的定位是一个带有潜在随机过程和约束条件的投资决策问题,它是一类重要的实物期权,包含着大量内在关联的投资机会。论文构建了延迟策略实物期权模型,并就CODP的定位进行了实证分析,在延迟策略、MC、CODP和供应链(Supply Chain, SC内在关系研究的基础上,引出了面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统研究主题。
(3)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统的优化研究。以延迟生产系统的客户期望等待时间(ET)和总成本(TC)为评价指标,首先利用Markov链的基本思想构建了目标市场需求变化趋势模型,然后,运用M/M/1排队模型,研究了CODP确定性条件下外部产品多样化(N)增加时,系统ET、TC的变化情况；最后,探析了CODP变化情形下的系统总成本优化决策模型。
(4)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统流程研究。通过研究面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统基本流程,以最终定制化产品所需零部件的成套性为评价指标,提出了基于广义随机Petri网(GSPN)的供应链延迟策略产品成套性建模和仿真方法,探讨了具有约束的供应链延迟策略,并对界面进行了分析及识别,构建了考虑TOC的延迟生产系统计划与控制模型,研究了实施延迟策略的生产系统再造的必要性,并提出了再造的基本原则及思想。
(5)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统绩效评价研究。本文认为价值流图分析工具是面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统有效性的评价及控制方法,基于这一思想,研究了基于价值流的面向MC供应链延迟生产系统的定性评价方法,提出了基于熵理论的面向MC供应链延迟生产系统的定量评价方法,利用平衡积分卡勾勒出面向MC供应链延迟生产系统全面而综合的绩效评价体系,并进行了案例分析。
最后,总结了论文所作的工作,归纳了论文的创新点,针对论文研究工作的不足,提出了面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统进一步研究的方向。
Based on the change characteristic of customers' demand in buyer market, the manufacturing industry competition will focus on flexibility and fast response for market. The manufacturers find that it is more and more difficult to gain the market share and improve their performance by mass production. To build and maintenance manufacturing competitive advantage lies in adopting the advanced manufacture mode and precisely managing the process of fulfilling variation orders, and satisfying customers' anticipant customization requirements with low cost, high flexibility and high efficiency. Many manufacturing enterprises use the idea of supply chain to reorganize its organizational structure, and adopt mass customization to meet the market demand change. Under this tendency, manufacturing system frame of supply chain postponement for mass customization is proposed, which the operation mechanism and process of postponement strategy is studied. The main content as follows:
Firstly, supply chain operation system frame for MC is constructed. The paper sums up key technoloy of MC based on economic analysis for MC, focuses on the operation relationship between MC and supply chain, proposes the theory of supply chain for MC. Supply chain for MC is oriented on customer's individual demands, formed le-agile compete and cooperation relationship on integrating different enterprise resource of supply chain. Finally, the paper constructs the supply chain operation system frame for MC and analysis its characteristics.
Secondly, implementing mechanism of supply chain postponement strategy is studied. The implementation of postponement strategy and the position of customer order decoupling point are investment decision-making question on latent stochastic process and the constraints, which are important of real options, contain massive intrinsic connection opportunities for investment. The paper constructs postponement strategy decision-making model on real options, and carries on the empirical analysis on the position of customer order decoupling point. The inner-relationships between postponement strategy, mass customization, customer order decoupling point and supply chain are studied, then the subject on manufacturing system of supply chain postponement is drew out.
Thirdly, manufacturing system optimization of supply chain postponement for MC is researched. Taken postponement manufacturing system's expected customer waiting time (ET) and total cost (TC) as evaluation index, the paper constructs the target market demand change trend model using the Markov chain, then, utilizes the M/M/1 queuing model to study the system ET and TC change situation when the outside product diversification (N) increases under the CODP definite condition. Finally, analyzes system total cost optimization decision-making model under the CODP change situation.
Fourthly, manufacturing system process of supply chain postponement for MC is proposed. Based on analyzing manufacturing system basic process of supply chain postponement, the paper takes the complete set which customized product needs components as the evaluated indicator, proposes a method of modeling and simulation for complete set in supply chain postponement strategy based on generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN), discusses supply chain postponement strategy having constrains, analyzes and recognizes their different surface, constructs manufacturing planning and control model of system considering TOC, studies re-engineering necessity to implementation postponement strategy manufacturing system, and proposes the basic principle and thought of re-engineering.
Fifthly, manufacturing system evaluation of supply chain postponement for MC is reseached. The paper holds that the value stream mapping is an effective evaluation and control tool in manufacturing system of supply chain postponement. Based on the idea, the qualitative evaluation method for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is studied firstly; the quantitative evaluation method for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is proposed based on entropy theory; finally a comprehensive evaluating index system for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is established. Specific case proves that the model is feasibility and effectiveness.
At last, after summing up the work of the paper, the future study direction about supply chain postponement strategy for mass customization is proposed.
(1)面向MC供应链运作系统框架的构建。论文在对实施MC经济分析的基础上,总结MC实施的关键技术,重点探讨了MC与供应链运作间的相互关系,提出了面向MC的供应链理论,认为面向MC的供应链是以客户个性化需求为导向,通过整合供应链节点企业资源所形成的精捷竞合关系,最后,构建了面向MC的供应链运作系统基本框架,并对其特征进行了深入分析。
(2)面向MC的供应链延迟策略实施的机理研究。延迟策略的实施及客户订单分离点(Customer Order Decoupling Point,CODP)的定位是一个带有潜在随机过程和约束条件的投资决策问题,它是一类重要的实物期权,包含着大量内在关联的投资机会。论文构建了延迟策略实物期权模型,并就CODP的定位进行了实证分析,在延迟策略、MC、CODP和供应链(Supply Chain, SC内在关系研究的基础上,引出了面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统研究主题。
(3)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统的优化研究。以延迟生产系统的客户期望等待时间(ET)和总成本(TC)为评价指标,首先利用Markov链的基本思想构建了目标市场需求变化趋势模型,然后,运用M/M/1排队模型,研究了CODP确定性条件下外部产品多样化(N)增加时,系统ET、TC的变化情况；最后,探析了CODP变化情形下的系统总成本优化决策模型。
(4)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统流程研究。通过研究面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统基本流程,以最终定制化产品所需零部件的成套性为评价指标,提出了基于广义随机Petri网(GSPN)的供应链延迟策略产品成套性建模和仿真方法,探讨了具有约束的供应链延迟策略,并对界面进行了分析及识别,构建了考虑TOC的延迟生产系统计划与控制模型,研究了实施延迟策略的生产系统再造的必要性,并提出了再造的基本原则及思想。
(5)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统绩效评价研究。本文认为价值流图分析工具是面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统有效性的评价及控制方法,基于这一思想,研究了基于价值流的面向MC供应链延迟生产系统的定性评价方法,提出了基于熵理论的面向MC供应链延迟生产系统的定量评价方法,利用平衡积分卡勾勒出面向MC供应链延迟生产系统全面而综合的绩效评价体系,并进行了案例分析。
最后,总结了论文所作的工作,归纳了论文的创新点,针对论文研究工作的不足,提出了面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统进一步研究的方向。
Based on the change characteristic of customers' demand in buyer market, the manufacturing industry competition will focus on flexibility and fast response for market. The manufacturers find that it is more and more difficult to gain the market share and improve their performance by mass production. To build and maintenance manufacturing competitive advantage lies in adopting the advanced manufacture mode and precisely managing the process of fulfilling variation orders, and satisfying customers' anticipant customization requirements with low cost, high flexibility and high efficiency. Many manufacturing enterprises use the idea of supply chain to reorganize its organizational structure, and adopt mass customization to meet the market demand change. Under this tendency, manufacturing system frame of supply chain postponement for mass customization is proposed, which the operation mechanism and process of postponement strategy is studied. The main content as follows:
Firstly, supply chain operation system frame for MC is constructed. The paper sums up key technoloy of MC based on economic analysis for MC, focuses on the operation relationship between MC and supply chain, proposes the theory of supply chain for MC. Supply chain for MC is oriented on customer's individual demands, formed le-agile compete and cooperation relationship on integrating different enterprise resource of supply chain. Finally, the paper constructs the supply chain operation system frame for MC and analysis its characteristics.
Secondly, implementing mechanism of supply chain postponement strategy is studied. The implementation of postponement strategy and the position of customer order decoupling point are investment decision-making question on latent stochastic process and the constraints, which are important of real options, contain massive intrinsic connection opportunities for investment. The paper constructs postponement strategy decision-making model on real options, and carries on the empirical analysis on the position of customer order decoupling point. The inner-relationships between postponement strategy, mass customization, customer order decoupling point and supply chain are studied, then the subject on manufacturing system of supply chain postponement is drew out.
Thirdly, manufacturing system optimization of supply chain postponement for MC is researched. Taken postponement manufacturing system's expected customer waiting time (ET) and total cost (TC) as evaluation index, the paper constructs the target market demand change trend model using the Markov chain, then, utilizes the M/M/1 queuing model to study the system ET and TC change situation when the outside product diversification (N) increases under the CODP definite condition. Finally, analyzes system total cost optimization decision-making model under the CODP change situation.
Fourthly, manufacturing system process of supply chain postponement for MC is proposed. Based on analyzing manufacturing system basic process of supply chain postponement, the paper takes the complete set which customized product needs components as the evaluated indicator, proposes a method of modeling and simulation for complete set in supply chain postponement strategy based on generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN), discusses supply chain postponement strategy having constrains, analyzes and recognizes their different surface, constructs manufacturing planning and control model of system considering TOC, studies re-engineering necessity to implementation postponement strategy manufacturing system, and proposes the basic principle and thought of re-engineering.
Fifthly, manufacturing system evaluation of supply chain postponement for MC is reseached. The paper holds that the value stream mapping is an effective evaluation and control tool in manufacturing system of supply chain postponement. Based on the idea, the qualitative evaluation method for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is studied firstly; the quantitative evaluation method for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is proposed based on entropy theory; finally a comprehensive evaluating index system for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is established. Specific case proves that the model is feasibility and effectiveness.
At last, after summing up the work of the paper, the future study direction about supply chain postponement strategy for mass customization is proposed.
引文
[1]Pine B.J. Ⅱ. Mass customization:the new frontier in business competition[M]. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.1993.
[2]Christopher W. L. Hart. Mass customization:conceptual underpinnings, opportunities and limits[J]. Int. J. Service Industry Management,1995,6(2):36-45.
[3]Fulkerson, Bill:A Response to Dynamic Change in the Market Place [J], Journal of Decision Support Systems,1997,21:199-214.
[4]Davis, S. From future perfect:Mass customization [J], Planning Review,1989, 17(2):16-21.
[5]Stalk G. J, Webber A. M. Japan's dark side of time [J], Harvard Business Review, 1993,(6-7):93-102
[6]Silveria, G. D., Borenstein, D., and Fogliatto, F. S. Mass customization: Literature review and research directions [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2001,72(1):1-13.
[7]Smirnov, Yury. Manufacturing Planning under Uncertainty and Incomplete Information[C], at the "Planning under Uncertainty" section of AAAI Spring Symposium, Stanford,2003,6(1):1999.
[8]Kotha, S., Mass Customization:Implementing the Emerging Paradigm for Competitive Advantage [J], Strategic Management Journal,1995,16 (special issue),21-42.
[9]Karel Jan Alsem. Success Factors for Mass Customization:A Conceptual Model [J], Journal of Market-Focused Management,2002, (5):309-330.
[10]Tseng M M, Du X. Design by customers for mass customization products [J]. Anals of the CIRP,1998,47(1):103-106.
[11]Huffman C, Kahn B E. Variety for sale:mass customization or mass confussion? [M], Cambridge:Marketing Science Institute, Working Paper Report,1998, 98-111.
[12]Rebecca Duray, Peter T. Ward, Glenn W. Milligan. Approaches to mass customization:configurations and empirical validation [J].Journal of Operations Management,2000, (18):605-625.
[13]Zipkin, Paul. The Limits of Mass Customization [J]. MIT Sloan Management Review,2001,42 (3):81-88.
[14]Duray, R., and Milligan, G. Improving Customer Satisfaction through Mass Customization [J], Quality Progress,1999,32(8):6-60.
[15]Duray, R., Ward, P. T., Milligan, G. W., et al. Approaches to Mass Customization: Configurations and Empirical Validation [J], Journal of Operations Management, 2000,18(6):25-605.
[16]Alfnes, E., and Strandhagen, J. O., Enterprise Design for Mass Customization:The Control Model Methodology [J], International Journal of Logistics:Research and Applications,2000,3(2):25-111.
[17]Duray, R. Mass Customization Origins:Mass or Custom Manufacturing? [J] International Journal of Operations & Production Management,2002,22 (3):28-314.
[18]Feitzinger, E., Lee, H.L. Mass customization at Hewlett Packard:the power of postponement [J]. Harvard Business Review,1997, (1-2):116-121.
[19]Garg, A., Tang, C.S. On postponement strategies for product families with multiple points of differentiation [J]. HE transactions,1997, (29):641-650.
[20]Morehouse, J.E., Bowersox, D.J. Supply chain management, logistics for the future [M]. Food Marketing Institute, Washington, DC.1995.
[21]Bucklin, L.P. Postponement, speculation and the structure of distribution channels [J]. Journal of Marketing Research,1965,2 (2):26-31.
[22]Shapiro, R.D., Get leverage from logistics [J]. Harvard Business Review,1984, 62(5):119-126.
[23]Van Hoek R I. The rediscovery of postponement a literature review and directions for research [J]. Journal of Operations Management,2001, (19):161-184.
[24]Li S, Ragu-Nathan B, Ragu-Nathan TS, Subba Rao S. The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance [J]. Omega,2004,34(2):24-107.
[25]Van Hoek R I, van Dierdonck R. Postponed manufacturing supplementary to transportation services [J]. Transportation Research Part E,2000,36(3):205-217.
[26]王海军,马士华,赵勇,大量定制环境下基于延迟策略的多级供应控制模型研究[J]，管理工程学报,2005,(1)：6-9.
[27]康凯,刘秋平,张志颖,企业延迟策略与需求不确定性的关系研究[J]，河北工业大学学报,2003,32(5)：48-52.
[28]孙先锦,利用延迟策略优化大规模定制生产系统[J]，中央财经大学学报,2006,(6)：67-71.
[29]Bowersox, D.J., Closs, D.J. Logistical management. The Integrated Supply Chain Process [M]. McGraw-Hill, New York,1996.
[30]Van Hoek, R.I. Reconfiguring the supply chain to implement postponed manufacturing [J]. The International Journal of Logistics Management.1998,9 (1), 95-110.
[31]杨瑾,赵嵩正,王娟茹。客户化供应链中的延迟策略[J]，工业工程与管理,2005,(4)：35-44.
[32]Jian Li, Shou-yang Wang, T.C. Edwin Cheng. Analysis of postponement strategy by EPQ-based models with planned back orders [J]. The International Journal of Management Science.2006, (3):1-12
[33]陶青,仲伟俊.资金时间价值因素对延迟策略选择的影响研究[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(5)：30-37.
[34]Lee HL. Effective inventory and service management through product and process redesign [J]. Operations Research,1996,44(1):151-159.
[35]王华.基于时间竞争的供应链成本控制的延迟策略[J]，中南财经政法大学学报,2007,(1)：91-98.
[36]姚建明,蒲云,张秀敏.面向供应链的大规模定制时间阈值理论研究[J].工业工程与管理,2005,(2)：64-69.
[37]Xiao-Feng Shao, Jian-Hua Ji, Evaluation of postponement strategies in mass customization with service guarantees [J]. International Journal of Production Research,2008,46(1):153-171.
[38]Droge, C.L., Germain, R.N., Spears, N., Form postponement as a strategic initiative affecting organizational design [C]. In:Proceedings of the American Marketing Association Summer Educators'Conference. Washington, DC,3 Aug,1995:263-269.
[39]Diana Twede, Robert H. Clarke, Jill A. Tait. Packaging postponement:a global packaging strategy [J]. Packaging Technology and Science.2000,13(3):105-115
[40]Van Hoek, R.I. Postponed manufacturing in the food industry? Supply Chain Management [J].An International Journal.1997,2 (2):63-75.
[41]顾新建,陈子辰,熊励等,我国汽车制造业大规模定制生产模式研究[J],中国工业经济,2002,(6)：37-41。
[42]祁国宁,顾新建,杨青海等,大批量定制原理及关键技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003,9(9)：776-783
[43]但斌,面向大规模定制的产品族功能性评价与选择方法[M],管理工程学报,2004,(1)：20-31.
[44]Meyer M H, Lehnerd A P. The Power of Product Platforms [M].New York:The Free Press,1997.
[45]王爱民,肖田元等。面向全生命周期的大规模定制生产模式的研究[J].高技术通讯,2005,15(1)：40-44.
[46]Gu X J, Qi G N. Research of the Optimization Methods for Mass Customization [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,129:507-512.
[47]Dotoli M. Fanti M. P. and Meloni C. A multi-level approach for network design of integrated supply chain [J]. International Journal of Production Research,2005, 43(20),4267-4287.
[48]Chandler, A. D. J., Strategy and Structure:Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprises [M].Cambridge Mass, MIT Press.1962.
[49]Miles, R. E, C.C. Snow, Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process [M]. New York:The Free Press,1978.
[50]A. Gunasekaran, E.W.T. Ngai, Build-to-order supply chain management:a literature review and framework for development [J], Journal of Operations Management, 2005,(23):423-451.
[51]肖刚,张元鸣,单继宏等,面向大规模定制生产的客户关系管理研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(8)：924-928.
[52]Gui xiu Qiao, Roberto Lu, Charles McLean. Flexible Manufacturing System for Mass Customization Manufacturing [J]. International Journal of Mass Customization. 2006,1(2-3):374-393.
[53]Tseng, Mitchell Lei, Ming Su, Chuanjun. A Collaborative Control System for Mass Customization Manufacturing [J], Annals of the CIRP,1997,46(1):373-376.
[54]Van Hoek, E. Peelen, Harry R. Commandeur, Achieving Mass Customization Through Postponement:A Study of International Changes [J], Journal of Market Focused Management,1999, (3):353-368.
[55]Graman G. A. Magazine M. J. A Numerical Analysis of Capacitated Postponemen[J]. Production and Inventory Management.2002,11 (3):340-358.
[56]De Groote X. The flexibility of production process:a general framework [J]. Management Science,1994,40(7):933-945.
[57]Hayes R H, Uption D M. Operations-based strategy [J]. California Management Review,1998,40(4):8-25.
[58]Wikner, J., Wong, H., Postponement Based on the Positioning of the Differentiation and Decoupling Points[J] 2007, in IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 246, Advances in Production Management Systems, eds. Olhager, J., Persson, F., (Boston:Springer),143-150.
[59]Jianxin Jiao, Ching Moi Lim, Arun Kumar., Real options identification and valuation for the financial analysis of product family design [J], Proceedings of the IMechE Part B:Journal of engineering manufacture,2006,220(6):929-940.
[60]Kogut, B, Kulatilaka, N., Option thinking and platform investment:investing in opportunity [J], California Management Review,1994,36(20):52-71.
[61]倪得兵,唐小我,生产能力约束下的价格竞争与柔性进入决策研究[J],系统工程理论与实践,2006,(12)：25-32.
[62]Lee HL. Postponement for mass customization:satisfying customer demands for tailor-made products [M]. Strategy supply chain alignment.1998,77-91.
[63]Skjoeet-Larsen Tage. Supply chain management:A new challenge for researchers and managers in logistics [J]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 1999,10(2):41-53.
[64]Zinn, W., Bowersox, D.J. Planning physical distribution with the principle of postponement [J]. Journal of Business Logistics 1988,9 (2):117-137.
[65]Cooper C. Logistics strategies for global business [J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,1993,23 (4):12-23.
[66]Van Hoek. Reconfiguring logistics systems through postponement strategies [J]. Journal of Business Logistics,1998,19(1):33-54.
[67]Waller M. Dabholkar P. Gentry J. Postponement, product customization, and market-oriented supply chain management [J]. Journal of Business Logistics,2000, 21(2):133-159.
[68]Lariss S. Kyj and Myroslaw J. Kyj., Customer Service:Differentiation in International Markets [J], International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,1994,24(4):41-46.
[69]Donald W. Jachson, Janet E. Keith, Richard K. Burdick., Examining the Relative Importance of Physical Distribution Service Elements [J], Journal of Business Logistics,1996,7(2):14-32.
[70]Handfield R. Effect of concurrent engineering on make-to-order product [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1994,41(4):1-11.
[71]徐宣国,李向阳,王颜新,等。大批量定制中客户订单解耦点定位的2维模型[J],计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(4)：638-642.
[72]杨玉中,张强,吴立云。基于熵权的TOPSIS供应商选择方法[J],北京理工大学学报,2006,26(1)：31-35.
[73]王海军,马士华,周晓,基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究[J],科技进步与对策,2004,(1)：59-62.
[74]B·约瑟夫·派恩。大规模定制：新的竞争前沿[M]。北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[75]Daugherty, P.J., Sabath, R.E., Rogers, D.S. Competitive advantage through customer responsiveness, the logistics [J]. The Logistics and Transportation Review 1992,28:257-272.
[76]周晓东,邹国胜,谢洁飞,等.大规模定制研究综述[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003,9(12)：1045-1052.
[77]赵艳萍,韩玉启,季敏,基于延迟策略的虚拟企业生产计划与控制模型研究[J],中国机械工程,2005,16(24)：2203-2206。
[78]B. Yang, N. Burns. Implications of postponement for the supply chain [J]. International Journal of Production Research.2003,41(9):2075-2090.
[79]Franke, N.; Piller, F. Key Research Issues in User Interaction with User Toolkits in a Mass Customization System, International Journal of Technology Management [J], 2003,26(5-6):578-599.
[80]Du, X.; Tseng, M.M. Characterizing Customer Value for Product Customization[C], Proceedings of the 1999 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, Las Vegas.1999.
[81]Aviv Y. Federgruen A. Capacitated multi-Item inventory system with random and seasonally fluctuating demands:implications for postponement strategies [J]. Management Science,2001,47(4):512-531.
[82]Ernst R, Kamrad B. Evaluation of supply chain structures through modularization and postponement [J]. Eur J Oper Res,2000,124:495-510.
[83]Garg A, Lee HL. Managing product variety:an operations perspective. In:Tayur S, Ganeshan R, Magazine M (Eds) Quantitative models for supply chain management. Kluwer, Boston, Dordrecht, London,1998,467-490.
[84]Ma S, Wang W, Liu L. Commonality and postponement in multistage assembly systems [J]. Eur J Oper Res,2002,142(3):523-538.
[85]Reiner G Customer-oriented improvement and evaluation of supply chain processes supported by simulation models [J]. Int J Prod Econ,2005,96(3):381-395.
[86]Jack C.P. Su, Yih-Long Chang and Mark Ferguson, Evaluation of postponement structures to accommodate mass customization, Journal of Operations Management[J],2005,23(3-4):305-318.
[87]Gupta D. Benjaafar S. Make to order, make to stock, or delayed product differentiation? 2001 July.
[88]Mo Y. A Robust supply chain design under demand uncertainty and hybrid postponement strategies:issues in supply chain management[D]. The Pennsylvania State University,2002.
[89]罗建强,韩玉启,李娜。基于Markov链的供应链产品市场预测分析[J],工业工程与管理,2007,12(3)：13-15.
[90]Edward A. Silver, Stefan Minner. A replenishment decision involving partial postponement[J], OR Spectrum,2005,27(1):1-19.
[91]Buzacott J, Shanthikumar J G. Stochastic models of manufacturing systems[M]. Uper Saddle River, N. J., USA:Prentice-Hall,1993.
[92]Jack C. P. Su, Evaluation of Supply Chain Strategies for Mass Customization [D], Georgia Institute of Technology,2004.8.
[93]Chung Y, Yang H C. A cost for determining dyeing postponement in garment supply chain [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2003, 22(1-2):134-140.
[94]饶凯,但斌,刘瑜,大规模定制下制造商延迟生产的成本优化模型[J],计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(9)：1665-1671.
[95]Lau, Ronald S.M., Mass customization:The Next Industrial Revolution [J]. Industrial Management,1995,37(5):18-19.
[96]Davenport TH, Short JE., The new industrial engineering:information technology and business process redesign [J]. Sloan Management Review,1990, summer,11-27.
[97]S. Wadhwa, Bibhushan, K. S. Bhoon, F. T. S. Chan., Postponement strategies for re-engineering of automotive manufacturing:knowledge-management implications [J], Industrial Management & Data Systems,2006,106(3):307-326.
[98]Richard B. Chase, Nicholas J. Aquilano, F. Robert Jacobs., Production and Operations Management:Manufacturing and Services-8~(th) [M], McGraw-Hill,1998.
[99]Goldratt, E.M. and Cox. J., The Goal [M],2nd revised. NY:North River Press, 1992.
[100]Tanner, Joh F., Honeycutt, Earl D., Reengineering using Theory of Constraints [J]. Industrial Marketing Management,1996,25:311-319.
[101]Jones, T. Colwyn, Dugdale, David. Theory of constraints:Transforming ideas? [J]. British Accounting Review,1998,30:73-91.
[102]Schuster, E.W. S.J. Allen. A new framework for production planning in the process industries[C]. Proceedings of the 38th APICS International Conference:Orlando, FL,1995,31-35.
[103]贾国柱,程杨.基于约束理论和系统动力学的生产系统再造方法[J]。计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(4)：683-691.
[104]曹振新,张士杰.基于约束理论的制造单元瓶颈分析及对策[J],机械设计与制造,2004.(8)：109-111。
[105]J M Swaminathan, S Tayur. Managing design of assembly sequences for product lines that delay product differentiation [J]. IIE Transactions,1999,31(4):1015-1026.
[106]To will D R, Naim M M, Wikner J. Industrial Dynamics Simulation Models in the Design of Supply Chains [J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,1992,22(5):3-13.
[107]S G Tzafestas, G Kapsiotis. PID self-tuning control combining pole placement and parameter optimization techniques [J]. Math.& Computers in Simulation,1994, 37(6):133-142.
[108]奥兰H佩特.网和逻辑控制器图形表示工具[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1996.
[109]Arkander P R, Fleury P F. The evolution of buyer-supplier relationship in the automotive industry:perspectives in the Brazilian context [C]. Seventh International IPSERA Conference, London, In:R. Lamming, ed,1998:9-17.
[110]Di Febbraro A, Sacome S. Hybrid Petri nets for the performance analysis of transportation systems [C]. Proc of the 37th IEEE Conf on Decision and Control. Florida:1998,3(3):3232-3237.
[111]Di Febbraro A, Giglio D, Sacco N. Modular representation of urban traffic systems based on hybrid Petri nets [C].2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conf Proc. Oakland. Intelligent Transportation Systems,2001:25-29.
[112]Wakefield R R. Petri Nets for Simulation and Modeling of Construction Systems [J]. J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt. Asce,1997,123(1):105-112.
[113]罗建强,韩玉启,姜涛等.基于GSPN的供应链产品成套性建模与分析[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(22)：5264-5268.
[114]N R Srinivassa Raghavan, N Viswanadham. Performance analysis of supply chain networks using petrinets [C]. Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Decision & Control, Phoenix Arizona USA, December 1999.
[115]Beamon B M. Supply chain design and analysis:Models and methods [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2000,55(3):281-294.
[116]侯发欣,张旭梅,熊红,等。基于Petri网的虚拟供应链物流网络优化[J].计算 机集成制造系统,2004,10(12)：1509-1513.
[117]Ming Dong. Process Modeling, Performance Analysis and Configuration Simulation in Integrated Supply Chain Network Design [D]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,2001.
[118]VAN DER AALST W.M.P. The application of Petri Nets to workflow management [J]. The Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers,1998,8(1):21-66.
[119]Wadhwa S, Rao KS, Flexibility:an emerging meta-competence for managing high technology [J]. Int J Technol Manage,2000,19(7-8):820-845.
[120]Wadhwa S, Jose J, Gandhi A. Managing innovations in e-business based supply chain structures:role of demo models [J]. Stud Inform Control,2002,11(2):111-130.
[121]Wadhwa S, Rao KS, A unified framework for manufacturing and supply chain flexibility [J]. Glob J Flex Syst Manage,2004,5(1):15-22.
[122]Davenport TH, Process innovation. Harvard Business School Press [D], Boston, MA,1993.
[123]Davenport TH, Short JE, The new industrial engineering:information technology and business process redesign [J]. Sloan Manage Rev,1990, summer,11-27.
[124]Yee CL, Tan KH. A process and tool for supply network analysis [J]. Ind Manage Data Syst,2004,104(4):355-363.
[125]Youssef, M.A. Agile manufacturing:A necessary condition for competing in global markets [J], Industrial Engineering,1992,24(12),18-20.
[126]Proops, S. Agile Performance Metrics, in Demand-Driven Agile Manufacturing [M], CEST Publication, London.1997.
[127]Van Assen, M.F. Agile-based competence management:The relation between agile manufacturing and time-based competence management [J], International Journal of Agile Management Systems,2000,2(2),142-159.
[128]Gunasekaran, A. Agile manufacturing:Enablers and an implementation framework [J], International Journal of Production Research,1998,36(5),1223-1247.
[129]Meade, L.M, Rogers, K.J. A method for analyzing agility alternatives for business processes [C], Industrial Engineering Research Conference Proceedings 1997, 960-965.
[130]迈克尔.波特.竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社,1997.1.
[131]Peter. Hines, Nick Rich. The seven value stream mapping tools [M]. Lean Enterprise Research Centre, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff, UK.2002.
[132]Jefferey F. Rayport, John J. Sviokla, Exploiting the virtual value chain [J]. Business Review,1995, (4):75-99.
[133]D. Walters and M. Rainbird, The demand chain as an integral component of the value chain[J]. The Journal of Consumer Marketing,2004, (21):464-472.
[134]Dimancesu, Dan Peter Hines, Nick Rich. The Lean Enterprise:Designing and Managing Strategic Process for Customer—Winning Performance[M], New York: AMACOM,1997.
[135]Jared Lovelle. Mapping the value stream [J], IIE Solutions.2001, (2):2-33.
[136]Don Tapping, Tom Luyster. Value Stream Management:Eight Steps to Planning, Mapping and Sustaining Lean Improvement [M], Productivity Press,2002.
[137]Carliss Y. Baldwin, Kim B. Clark, Managing in an Age of Modularity [J]. Harvard Business Review,1997, (9/10):11-23.
[138]Carliss Y. Baldwin, Kim B. Clark, Modularity in the Design of Complex Engineering Systems [J].Working paper,2004, (1):55-76.
[139]Jessop, D. and Jones, O. Value stream process modeling:a methodology for creating competitive advantage[C], Proceedings of the 4th Annual IPSERA Conference, University of Birmingham,1995
[140]迟晓英,宣国良.价值链研究发展综述[J]，外国经济与管理，2000,(1)：25-30.
[141]David Taylor, David Brunt.生产运营与供应链管理-精益方法[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004.3
[142]Forza, C., Vinelli, A. and Filippini, R. Telecommunication services for quick response in the textile apparel industry, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Logistics [D], The University of Nottingham.1993:119-126.
[143]Beesley, A. A need for time-based process mapping and its application in procurement [C], Proceedings of the 3rh annual IPSERA Conference, University of Glamorgan,1994:41-56.
[144]Shannon C E, Weaver W. The mathematical theory of communication [M]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press,1949.
[145]Jaynes E T. Information theory and statistical mechanics [J]. Physical Review,1957, (106):361-630.
[146]Kullback S. Information theory and statistics [M].New York:Wiley,1959.
[147]Sabelli H. BIOS:a study of creation [M].Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Company,2005:437-470.
[148]吕锋.灰色系统关联度之分辨系数研究[J],系统工程理论与实践,1997,(6)：49-54.
[2]Christopher W. L. Hart. Mass customization:conceptual underpinnings, opportunities and limits[J]. Int. J. Service Industry Management,1995,6(2):36-45.
[3]Fulkerson, Bill:A Response to Dynamic Change in the Market Place [J], Journal of Decision Support Systems,1997,21:199-214.
[4]Davis, S. From future perfect:Mass customization [J], Planning Review,1989, 17(2):16-21.
[5]Stalk G. J, Webber A. M. Japan's dark side of time [J], Harvard Business Review, 1993,(6-7):93-102
[6]Silveria, G. D., Borenstein, D., and Fogliatto, F. S. Mass customization: Literature review and research directions [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2001,72(1):1-13.
[7]Smirnov, Yury. Manufacturing Planning under Uncertainty and Incomplete Information[C], at the "Planning under Uncertainty" section of AAAI Spring Symposium, Stanford,2003,6(1):1999.
[8]Kotha, S., Mass Customization:Implementing the Emerging Paradigm for Competitive Advantage [J], Strategic Management Journal,1995,16 (special issue),21-42.
[9]Karel Jan Alsem. Success Factors for Mass Customization:A Conceptual Model [J], Journal of Market-Focused Management,2002, (5):309-330.
[10]Tseng M M, Du X. Design by customers for mass customization products [J]. Anals of the CIRP,1998,47(1):103-106.
[11]Huffman C, Kahn B E. Variety for sale:mass customization or mass confussion? [M], Cambridge:Marketing Science Institute, Working Paper Report,1998, 98-111.
[12]Rebecca Duray, Peter T. Ward, Glenn W. Milligan. Approaches to mass customization:configurations and empirical validation [J].Journal of Operations Management,2000, (18):605-625.
[13]Zipkin, Paul. The Limits of Mass Customization [J]. MIT Sloan Management Review,2001,42 (3):81-88.
[14]Duray, R., and Milligan, G. Improving Customer Satisfaction through Mass Customization [J], Quality Progress,1999,32(8):6-60.
[15]Duray, R., Ward, P. T., Milligan, G. W., et al. Approaches to Mass Customization: Configurations and Empirical Validation [J], Journal of Operations Management, 2000,18(6):25-605.
[16]Alfnes, E., and Strandhagen, J. O., Enterprise Design for Mass Customization:The Control Model Methodology [J], International Journal of Logistics:Research and Applications,2000,3(2):25-111.
[17]Duray, R. Mass Customization Origins:Mass or Custom Manufacturing? [J] International Journal of Operations & Production Management,2002,22 (3):28-314.
[18]Feitzinger, E., Lee, H.L. Mass customization at Hewlett Packard:the power of postponement [J]. Harvard Business Review,1997, (1-2):116-121.
[19]Garg, A., Tang, C.S. On postponement strategies for product families with multiple points of differentiation [J]. HE transactions,1997, (29):641-650.
[20]Morehouse, J.E., Bowersox, D.J. Supply chain management, logistics for the future [M]. Food Marketing Institute, Washington, DC.1995.
[21]Bucklin, L.P. Postponement, speculation and the structure of distribution channels [J]. Journal of Marketing Research,1965,2 (2):26-31.
[22]Shapiro, R.D., Get leverage from logistics [J]. Harvard Business Review,1984, 62(5):119-126.
[23]Van Hoek R I. The rediscovery of postponement a literature review and directions for research [J]. Journal of Operations Management,2001, (19):161-184.
[24]Li S, Ragu-Nathan B, Ragu-Nathan TS, Subba Rao S. The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance [J]. Omega,2004,34(2):24-107.
[25]Van Hoek R I, van Dierdonck R. Postponed manufacturing supplementary to transportation services [J]. Transportation Research Part E,2000,36(3):205-217.
[26]王海军,马士华,赵勇,大量定制环境下基于延迟策略的多级供应控制模型研究[J]，管理工程学报,2005,(1)：6-9.
[27]康凯,刘秋平,张志颖,企业延迟策略与需求不确定性的关系研究[J]，河北工业大学学报,2003,32(5)：48-52.
[28]孙先锦,利用延迟策略优化大规模定制生产系统[J]，中央财经大学学报,2006,(6)：67-71.
[29]Bowersox, D.J., Closs, D.J. Logistical management. The Integrated Supply Chain Process [M]. McGraw-Hill, New York,1996.
[30]Van Hoek, R.I. Reconfiguring the supply chain to implement postponed manufacturing [J]. The International Journal of Logistics Management.1998,9 (1), 95-110.
[31]杨瑾,赵嵩正,王娟茹。客户化供应链中的延迟策略[J]，工业工程与管理,2005,(4)：35-44.
[32]Jian Li, Shou-yang Wang, T.C. Edwin Cheng. Analysis of postponement strategy by EPQ-based models with planned back orders [J]. The International Journal of Management Science.2006, (3):1-12
[33]陶青,仲伟俊.资金时间价值因素对延迟策略选择的影响研究[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(5)：30-37.
[34]Lee HL. Effective inventory and service management through product and process redesign [J]. Operations Research,1996,44(1):151-159.
[35]王华.基于时间竞争的供应链成本控制的延迟策略[J]，中南财经政法大学学报,2007,(1)：91-98.
[36]姚建明,蒲云,张秀敏.面向供应链的大规模定制时间阈值理论研究[J].工业工程与管理,2005,(2)：64-69.
[37]Xiao-Feng Shao, Jian-Hua Ji, Evaluation of postponement strategies in mass customization with service guarantees [J]. International Journal of Production Research,2008,46(1):153-171.
[38]Droge, C.L., Germain, R.N., Spears, N., Form postponement as a strategic initiative affecting organizational design [C]. In:Proceedings of the American Marketing Association Summer Educators'Conference. Washington, DC,3 Aug,1995:263-269.
[39]Diana Twede, Robert H. Clarke, Jill A. Tait. Packaging postponement:a global packaging strategy [J]. Packaging Technology and Science.2000,13(3):105-115
[40]Van Hoek, R.I. Postponed manufacturing in the food industry? Supply Chain Management [J].An International Journal.1997,2 (2):63-75.
[41]顾新建,陈子辰,熊励等,我国汽车制造业大规模定制生产模式研究[J],中国工业经济,2002,(6)：37-41。
[42]祁国宁,顾新建,杨青海等,大批量定制原理及关键技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003,9(9)：776-783
[43]但斌,面向大规模定制的产品族功能性评价与选择方法[M],管理工程学报,2004,(1)：20-31.
[44]Meyer M H, Lehnerd A P. The Power of Product Platforms [M].New York:The Free Press,1997.
[45]王爱民,肖田元等。面向全生命周期的大规模定制生产模式的研究[J].高技术通讯,2005,15(1)：40-44.
[46]Gu X J, Qi G N. Research of the Optimization Methods for Mass Customization [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,129:507-512.
[47]Dotoli M. Fanti M. P. and Meloni C. A multi-level approach for network design of integrated supply chain [J]. International Journal of Production Research,2005, 43(20),4267-4287.
[48]Chandler, A. D. J., Strategy and Structure:Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprises [M].Cambridge Mass, MIT Press.1962.
[49]Miles, R. E, C.C. Snow, Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process [M]. New York:The Free Press,1978.
[50]A. Gunasekaran, E.W.T. Ngai, Build-to-order supply chain management:a literature review and framework for development [J], Journal of Operations Management, 2005,(23):423-451.
[51]肖刚,张元鸣,单继宏等,面向大规模定制生产的客户关系管理研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(8)：924-928.
[52]Gui xiu Qiao, Roberto Lu, Charles McLean. Flexible Manufacturing System for Mass Customization Manufacturing [J]. International Journal of Mass Customization. 2006,1(2-3):374-393.
[53]Tseng, Mitchell Lei, Ming Su, Chuanjun. A Collaborative Control System for Mass Customization Manufacturing [J], Annals of the CIRP,1997,46(1):373-376.
[54]Van Hoek, E. Peelen, Harry R. Commandeur, Achieving Mass Customization Through Postponement:A Study of International Changes [J], Journal of Market Focused Management,1999, (3):353-368.
[55]Graman G. A. Magazine M. J. A Numerical Analysis of Capacitated Postponemen[J]. Production and Inventory Management.2002,11 (3):340-358.
[56]De Groote X. The flexibility of production process:a general framework [J]. Management Science,1994,40(7):933-945.
[57]Hayes R H, Uption D M. Operations-based strategy [J]. California Management Review,1998,40(4):8-25.
[58]Wikner, J., Wong, H., Postponement Based on the Positioning of the Differentiation and Decoupling Points[J] 2007, in IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 246, Advances in Production Management Systems, eds. Olhager, J., Persson, F., (Boston:Springer),143-150.
[59]Jianxin Jiao, Ching Moi Lim, Arun Kumar., Real options identification and valuation for the financial analysis of product family design [J], Proceedings of the IMechE Part B:Journal of engineering manufacture,2006,220(6):929-940.
[60]Kogut, B, Kulatilaka, N., Option thinking and platform investment:investing in opportunity [J], California Management Review,1994,36(20):52-71.
[61]倪得兵,唐小我,生产能力约束下的价格竞争与柔性进入决策研究[J],系统工程理论与实践,2006,(12)：25-32.
[62]Lee HL. Postponement for mass customization:satisfying customer demands for tailor-made products [M]. Strategy supply chain alignment.1998,77-91.
[63]Skjoeet-Larsen Tage. Supply chain management:A new challenge for researchers and managers in logistics [J]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 1999,10(2):41-53.
[64]Zinn, W., Bowersox, D.J. Planning physical distribution with the principle of postponement [J]. Journal of Business Logistics 1988,9 (2):117-137.
[65]Cooper C. Logistics strategies for global business [J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,1993,23 (4):12-23.
[66]Van Hoek. Reconfiguring logistics systems through postponement strategies [J]. Journal of Business Logistics,1998,19(1):33-54.
[67]Waller M. Dabholkar P. Gentry J. Postponement, product customization, and market-oriented supply chain management [J]. Journal of Business Logistics,2000, 21(2):133-159.
[68]Lariss S. Kyj and Myroslaw J. Kyj., Customer Service:Differentiation in International Markets [J], International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,1994,24(4):41-46.
[69]Donald W. Jachson, Janet E. Keith, Richard K. Burdick., Examining the Relative Importance of Physical Distribution Service Elements [J], Journal of Business Logistics,1996,7(2):14-32.
[70]Handfield R. Effect of concurrent engineering on make-to-order product [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1994,41(4):1-11.
[71]徐宣国,李向阳,王颜新,等。大批量定制中客户订单解耦点定位的2维模型[J],计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(4)：638-642.
[72]杨玉中,张强,吴立云。基于熵权的TOPSIS供应商选择方法[J],北京理工大学学报,2006,26(1)：31-35.
[73]王海军,马士华,周晓,基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究[J],科技进步与对策,2004,(1)：59-62.
[74]B·约瑟夫·派恩。大规模定制：新的竞争前沿[M]。北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[75]Daugherty, P.J., Sabath, R.E., Rogers, D.S. Competitive advantage through customer responsiveness, the logistics [J]. The Logistics and Transportation Review 1992,28:257-272.
[76]周晓东,邹国胜,谢洁飞,等.大规模定制研究综述[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003,9(12)：1045-1052.
[77]赵艳萍,韩玉启,季敏,基于延迟策略的虚拟企业生产计划与控制模型研究[J],中国机械工程,2005,16(24)：2203-2206。
[78]B. Yang, N. Burns. Implications of postponement for the supply chain [J]. International Journal of Production Research.2003,41(9):2075-2090.
[79]Franke, N.; Piller, F. Key Research Issues in User Interaction with User Toolkits in a Mass Customization System, International Journal of Technology Management [J], 2003,26(5-6):578-599.
[80]Du, X.; Tseng, M.M. Characterizing Customer Value for Product Customization[C], Proceedings of the 1999 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, Las Vegas.1999.
[81]Aviv Y. Federgruen A. Capacitated multi-Item inventory system with random and seasonally fluctuating demands:implications for postponement strategies [J]. Management Science,2001,47(4):512-531.
[82]Ernst R, Kamrad B. Evaluation of supply chain structures through modularization and postponement [J]. Eur J Oper Res,2000,124:495-510.
[83]Garg A, Lee HL. Managing product variety:an operations perspective. In:Tayur S, Ganeshan R, Magazine M (Eds) Quantitative models for supply chain management. Kluwer, Boston, Dordrecht, London,1998,467-490.
[84]Ma S, Wang W, Liu L. Commonality and postponement in multistage assembly systems [J]. Eur J Oper Res,2002,142(3):523-538.
[85]Reiner G Customer-oriented improvement and evaluation of supply chain processes supported by simulation models [J]. Int J Prod Econ,2005,96(3):381-395.
[86]Jack C.P. Su, Yih-Long Chang and Mark Ferguson, Evaluation of postponement structures to accommodate mass customization, Journal of Operations Management[J],2005,23(3-4):305-318.
[87]Gupta D. Benjaafar S. Make to order, make to stock, or delayed product differentiation? 2001 July.
[88]Mo Y. A Robust supply chain design under demand uncertainty and hybrid postponement strategies:issues in supply chain management[D]. The Pennsylvania State University,2002.
[89]罗建强,韩玉启,李娜。基于Markov链的供应链产品市场预测分析[J],工业工程与管理,2007,12(3)：13-15.
[90]Edward A. Silver, Stefan Minner. A replenishment decision involving partial postponement[J], OR Spectrum,2005,27(1):1-19.
[91]Buzacott J, Shanthikumar J G. Stochastic models of manufacturing systems[M]. Uper Saddle River, N. J., USA:Prentice-Hall,1993.
[92]Jack C. P. Su, Evaluation of Supply Chain Strategies for Mass Customization [D], Georgia Institute of Technology,2004.8.
[93]Chung Y, Yang H C. A cost for determining dyeing postponement in garment supply chain [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2003, 22(1-2):134-140.
[94]饶凯,但斌,刘瑜,大规模定制下制造商延迟生产的成本优化模型[J],计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(9)：1665-1671.
[95]Lau, Ronald S.M., Mass customization:The Next Industrial Revolution [J]. Industrial Management,1995,37(5):18-19.
[96]Davenport TH, Short JE., The new industrial engineering:information technology and business process redesign [J]. Sloan Management Review,1990, summer,11-27.
[97]S. Wadhwa, Bibhushan, K. S. Bhoon, F. T. S. Chan., Postponement strategies for re-engineering of automotive manufacturing:knowledge-management implications [J], Industrial Management & Data Systems,2006,106(3):307-326.
[98]Richard B. Chase, Nicholas J. Aquilano, F. Robert Jacobs., Production and Operations Management:Manufacturing and Services-8~(th) [M], McGraw-Hill,1998.
[99]Goldratt, E.M. and Cox. J., The Goal [M],2nd revised. NY:North River Press, 1992.
[100]Tanner, Joh F., Honeycutt, Earl D., Reengineering using Theory of Constraints [J]. Industrial Marketing Management,1996,25:311-319.
[101]Jones, T. Colwyn, Dugdale, David. Theory of constraints:Transforming ideas? [J]. British Accounting Review,1998,30:73-91.
[102]Schuster, E.W. S.J. Allen. A new framework for production planning in the process industries[C]. Proceedings of the 38th APICS International Conference:Orlando, FL,1995,31-35.
[103]贾国柱,程杨.基于约束理论和系统动力学的生产系统再造方法[J]。计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(4)：683-691.
[104]曹振新,张士杰.基于约束理论的制造单元瓶颈分析及对策[J],机械设计与制造,2004.(8)：109-111。
[105]J M Swaminathan, S Tayur. Managing design of assembly sequences for product lines that delay product differentiation [J]. IIE Transactions,1999,31(4):1015-1026.
[106]To will D R, Naim M M, Wikner J. Industrial Dynamics Simulation Models in the Design of Supply Chains [J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,1992,22(5):3-13.
[107]S G Tzafestas, G Kapsiotis. PID self-tuning control combining pole placement and parameter optimization techniques [J]. Math.& Computers in Simulation,1994, 37(6):133-142.
[108]奥兰H佩特.网和逻辑控制器图形表示工具[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1996.
[109]Arkander P R, Fleury P F. The evolution of buyer-supplier relationship in the automotive industry:perspectives in the Brazilian context [C]. Seventh International IPSERA Conference, London, In:R. Lamming, ed,1998:9-17.
[110]Di Febbraro A, Sacome S. Hybrid Petri nets for the performance analysis of transportation systems [C]. Proc of the 37th IEEE Conf on Decision and Control. Florida:1998,3(3):3232-3237.
[111]Di Febbraro A, Giglio D, Sacco N. Modular representation of urban traffic systems based on hybrid Petri nets [C].2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conf Proc. Oakland. Intelligent Transportation Systems,2001:25-29.
[112]Wakefield R R. Petri Nets for Simulation and Modeling of Construction Systems [J]. J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt. Asce,1997,123(1):105-112.
[113]罗建强,韩玉启,姜涛等.基于GSPN的供应链产品成套性建模与分析[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(22)：5264-5268.
[114]N R Srinivassa Raghavan, N Viswanadham. Performance analysis of supply chain networks using petrinets [C]. Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Decision & Control, Phoenix Arizona USA, December 1999.
[115]Beamon B M. Supply chain design and analysis:Models and methods [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2000,55(3):281-294.
[116]侯发欣,张旭梅,熊红,等。基于Petri网的虚拟供应链物流网络优化[J].计算 机集成制造系统,2004,10(12)：1509-1513.
[117]Ming Dong. Process Modeling, Performance Analysis and Configuration Simulation in Integrated Supply Chain Network Design [D]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,2001.
[118]VAN DER AALST W.M.P. The application of Petri Nets to workflow management [J]. The Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers,1998,8(1):21-66.
[119]Wadhwa S, Rao KS, Flexibility:an emerging meta-competence for managing high technology [J]. Int J Technol Manage,2000,19(7-8):820-845.
[120]Wadhwa S, Jose J, Gandhi A. Managing innovations in e-business based supply chain structures:role of demo models [J]. Stud Inform Control,2002,11(2):111-130.
[121]Wadhwa S, Rao KS, A unified framework for manufacturing and supply chain flexibility [J]. Glob J Flex Syst Manage,2004,5(1):15-22.
[122]Davenport TH, Process innovation. Harvard Business School Press [D], Boston, MA,1993.
[123]Davenport TH, Short JE, The new industrial engineering:information technology and business process redesign [J]. Sloan Manage Rev,1990, summer,11-27.
[124]Yee CL, Tan KH. A process and tool for supply network analysis [J]. Ind Manage Data Syst,2004,104(4):355-363.
[125]Youssef, M.A. Agile manufacturing:A necessary condition for competing in global markets [J], Industrial Engineering,1992,24(12),18-20.
[126]Proops, S. Agile Performance Metrics, in Demand-Driven Agile Manufacturing [M], CEST Publication, London.1997.
[127]Van Assen, M.F. Agile-based competence management:The relation between agile manufacturing and time-based competence management [J], International Journal of Agile Management Systems,2000,2(2),142-159.
[128]Gunasekaran, A. Agile manufacturing:Enablers and an implementation framework [J], International Journal of Production Research,1998,36(5),1223-1247.
[129]Meade, L.M, Rogers, K.J. A method for analyzing agility alternatives for business processes [C], Industrial Engineering Research Conference Proceedings 1997, 960-965.
[130]迈克尔.波特.竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社,1997.1.
[131]Peter. Hines, Nick Rich. The seven value stream mapping tools [M]. Lean Enterprise Research Centre, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff, UK.2002.
[132]Jefferey F. Rayport, John J. Sviokla, Exploiting the virtual value chain [J]. Business Review,1995, (4):75-99.
[133]D. Walters and M. Rainbird, The demand chain as an integral component of the value chain[J]. The Journal of Consumer Marketing,2004, (21):464-472.
[134]Dimancesu, Dan Peter Hines, Nick Rich. The Lean Enterprise:Designing and Managing Strategic Process for Customer—Winning Performance[M], New York: AMACOM,1997.
[135]Jared Lovelle. Mapping the value stream [J], IIE Solutions.2001, (2):2-33.
[136]Don Tapping, Tom Luyster. Value Stream Management:Eight Steps to Planning, Mapping and Sustaining Lean Improvement [M], Productivity Press,2002.
[137]Carliss Y. Baldwin, Kim B. Clark, Managing in an Age of Modularity [J]. Harvard Business Review,1997, (9/10):11-23.
[138]Carliss Y. Baldwin, Kim B. Clark, Modularity in the Design of Complex Engineering Systems [J].Working paper,2004, (1):55-76.
[139]Jessop, D. and Jones, O. Value stream process modeling:a methodology for creating competitive advantage[C], Proceedings of the 4th Annual IPSERA Conference, University of Birmingham,1995
[140]迟晓英,宣国良.价值链研究发展综述[J]，外国经济与管理，2000,(1)：25-30.
[141]David Taylor, David Brunt.生产运营与供应链管理-精益方法[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004.3
[142]Forza, C., Vinelli, A. and Filippini, R. Telecommunication services for quick response in the textile apparel industry, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Logistics [D], The University of Nottingham.1993:119-126.
[143]Beesley, A. A need for time-based process mapping and its application in procurement [C], Proceedings of the 3rh annual IPSERA Conference, University of Glamorgan,1994:41-56.
[144]Shannon C E, Weaver W. The mathematical theory of communication [M]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press,1949.
[145]Jaynes E T. Information theory and statistical mechanics [J]. Physical Review,1957, (106):361-630.
[146]Kullback S. Information theory and statistics [M].New York:Wiley,1959.
[147]Sabelli H. BIOS:a study of creation [M].Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Company,2005:437-470.
[148]吕锋.灰色系统关联度之分辨系数研究[J],系统工程理论与实践,1997,(6)：49-54.