基于铁路货物运输作业过程的点线能力协调问题研究
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摘要
随着我国铁路的跨越式发展以及铁路货物运输需求在结构和规模上的巨大变化,铁路车站(点)与线路(线)之间的能力协调问题,已成为铁路管理部门亟需解决的重要现实问题。由于铁路系统是一个内部各子系统紧密衔接且时刻都在动态运行的复杂系统,所以简单地通过理论计算能力或设计能力来衡量点线能力协调关系是远远不够的,更重要的是紧密结合货物运输作业过程中产生的能力负荷以及相邻点线设备之间的交互影响,深入分析和研究点线能力协调关系,进而为改善铁路点线能力协调状况和提高铁路系统整体效率提供可行有效的理论和方法支持。
铁路货物运输作业过程包括不同层次,本文着重从其中两个关键层次——车流径路运行作业过程和编组站作业过程入手研究点线能力协调问题。论文主要研究内容如下：
(1)借助分层网络分析架构的基本思想,明确了铁路货物运输作业过程的层次结构,并分析了其中车流径路运行作业过程和编组站作业过程的关键性作用以及这两个作业过程与其他作业过程之间的关联关系。
(2)在总结并提炼既有铁路点线能力协调相关研究成果的基础上,从系统的角度,全面分析了基于铁路货物运输作业过程的点线能力协调的内涵及其主要特性,探讨了基于铁路货物运输作业过程的点线能力协调标准以及标准选取策略。
(3)在对基于车流径路选择的点线能力协调问题进行系统分析的基础上,将该问题分解为负荷均衡-线能力约束的车流径路选择和负荷均衡-点线能力约束的车流径路选择两个子问题。针对两个子问题分别构建了综合考虑运输费用最小化和负荷程度合理化的多目标规划模型,并分别提出了基于K短路算法和拉格朗日松弛法的求解算法。在通过较大规模的算例验证模型与算法有效性的同时,分析了车流径路选择对于点线能力协调的影响。
(4)鉴于编组站系统作业要素合理配置是实现编组站与衔接线路之间能力协调的首要条件,在提出基于时段划分的编组站车流平衡方程和编组站作业量计算方法的基础上,提出了编组站分时段能力协调评价方法和评价标准,并以此评价方法为依据分别构建了编组站区间到解子系统和出发区间子系统的作业仿真系统,通过对算例的多次仿真实验,分析了不同编组站系统作业要素配置方案对点线能力协调水平的影响,为基于点线能力协调的编组站作业要素优化配置提供了技术支持。
With the leapfrog development of Chinese railway and the great variation of transportation demand in structure and scale, capacity coordination of railway station and line has become a vital and urgent problem. As railway is a complex and dynamic system with all the sub-systems connecting closely to each other, it is far from practical need to simply measure capacity coordination of railway stations and lines by theoretical capacity or projected capacity. However, it is very important and desired to do that by the real capacity load and interation between adjacent stations and lines caused by the railway freight transportation operation process to provide feasible and effective theory and technology to improve the capacity coordinating situation of railway station and line as well as to enhance the integrated efficiency of railway system.
Railway freight transportation operation process consist of several processes belonging to two logical layers, and upon that this thesis explores the capacity coordinating problem of railway station and line based on the two key processes of different layers, namely the processes of car flow routing operation and marshalling station operation, focusing on the following contents:
(1) The hierarchy of railway freight transportation operation process is defined by the basic idea of hierarchical network analyzing frame, and the critical roles of the key processes above mentioned and the incidence relations between the key processes and others are clarified to lay a foundation for other research content of the thesis.
(2) On the basis of summarizing and refining the existing research results related to capacity coordinating problem of railway station and line, the connotation and important characteristics of capacity coordination of railway station and line based on railway freight transportation operation process are systematically explained, and the criterion and its determining tactic is discussed.
(3) In line with the analysis on the capacity coordinating problem based on the car flow routing, the problem are decomposed into two sub-problems, i.e. Line-Capacitiy-Constrained and Load-Balanced Car Flow Routing Plan Problem (LLP) and Node-Line-Capacity-Constrained and Load-Balanced Car Flow Routing Plan Problem (NLLP). Two multi-objective models minimizing the transportation cost and rationalizing the capacity load are respectively constructed, and then some corresponding solution strategies are proposed based on the k-shortest route algorithm and Lagrangian relaxation algorithm. The effectiveness of those models and solution strategies are verified, and meanwhile the effect of car flow routing on the capacity coordination of railway stations and lines is delved.
(4) Due to the appropriate allocation of operating elements in marshalling station being a prime condition to realize capacity coordination between marshalling station and its adjacent line, a Time-Slice Capacity Coordination Evaluation Method for Marshalling Station and the evaluating criterion are presented based on the time-slice car flow balancing equation and workload calculating method for marshalling station. Declassification simulation system and departure simulation system are developed subjecting to the evaluation method, and then the effect of different allocation program on the capacity coordination of station and line is analyzed by the a dozen times of simulation experiment to provide technical guidance for optimizing allocation of operation elements in marshalling station oriented to capacity coordination of railway station and line.
铁路货物运输作业过程包括不同层次,本文着重从其中两个关键层次——车流径路运行作业过程和编组站作业过程入手研究点线能力协调问题。论文主要研究内容如下：
(1)借助分层网络分析架构的基本思想,明确了铁路货物运输作业过程的层次结构,并分析了其中车流径路运行作业过程和编组站作业过程的关键性作用以及这两个作业过程与其他作业过程之间的关联关系。
(2)在总结并提炼既有铁路点线能力协调相关研究成果的基础上,从系统的角度,全面分析了基于铁路货物运输作业过程的点线能力协调的内涵及其主要特性,探讨了基于铁路货物运输作业过程的点线能力协调标准以及标准选取策略。
(3)在对基于车流径路选择的点线能力协调问题进行系统分析的基础上,将该问题分解为负荷均衡-线能力约束的车流径路选择和负荷均衡-点线能力约束的车流径路选择两个子问题。针对两个子问题分别构建了综合考虑运输费用最小化和负荷程度合理化的多目标规划模型,并分别提出了基于K短路算法和拉格朗日松弛法的求解算法。在通过较大规模的算例验证模型与算法有效性的同时,分析了车流径路选择对于点线能力协调的影响。
(4)鉴于编组站系统作业要素合理配置是实现编组站与衔接线路之间能力协调的首要条件,在提出基于时段划分的编组站车流平衡方程和编组站作业量计算方法的基础上,提出了编组站分时段能力协调评价方法和评价标准,并以此评价方法为依据分别构建了编组站区间到解子系统和出发区间子系统的作业仿真系统,通过对算例的多次仿真实验,分析了不同编组站系统作业要素配置方案对点线能力协调水平的影响,为基于点线能力协调的编组站作业要素优化配置提供了技术支持。
With the leapfrog development of Chinese railway and the great variation of transportation demand in structure and scale, capacity coordination of railway station and line has become a vital and urgent problem. As railway is a complex and dynamic system with all the sub-systems connecting closely to each other, it is far from practical need to simply measure capacity coordination of railway stations and lines by theoretical capacity or projected capacity. However, it is very important and desired to do that by the real capacity load and interation between adjacent stations and lines caused by the railway freight transportation operation process to provide feasible and effective theory and technology to improve the capacity coordinating situation of railway station and line as well as to enhance the integrated efficiency of railway system.
Railway freight transportation operation process consist of several processes belonging to two logical layers, and upon that this thesis explores the capacity coordinating problem of railway station and line based on the two key processes of different layers, namely the processes of car flow routing operation and marshalling station operation, focusing on the following contents:
(1) The hierarchy of railway freight transportation operation process is defined by the basic idea of hierarchical network analyzing frame, and the critical roles of the key processes above mentioned and the incidence relations between the key processes and others are clarified to lay a foundation for other research content of the thesis.
(2) On the basis of summarizing and refining the existing research results related to capacity coordinating problem of railway station and line, the connotation and important characteristics of capacity coordination of railway station and line based on railway freight transportation operation process are systematically explained, and the criterion and its determining tactic is discussed.
(3) In line with the analysis on the capacity coordinating problem based on the car flow routing, the problem are decomposed into two sub-problems, i.e. Line-Capacitiy-Constrained and Load-Balanced Car Flow Routing Plan Problem (LLP) and Node-Line-Capacity-Constrained and Load-Balanced Car Flow Routing Plan Problem (NLLP). Two multi-objective models minimizing the transportation cost and rationalizing the capacity load are respectively constructed, and then some corresponding solution strategies are proposed based on the k-shortest route algorithm and Lagrangian relaxation algorithm. The effectiveness of those models and solution strategies are verified, and meanwhile the effect of car flow routing on the capacity coordination of railway stations and lines is delved.
(4) Due to the appropriate allocation of operating elements in marshalling station being a prime condition to realize capacity coordination between marshalling station and its adjacent line, a Time-Slice Capacity Coordination Evaluation Method for Marshalling Station and the evaluating criterion are presented based on the time-slice car flow balancing equation and workload calculating method for marshalling station. Declassification simulation system and departure simulation system are developed subjecting to the evaluation method, and then the effect of different allocation program on the capacity coordination of station and line is analyzed by the a dozen times of simulation experiment to provide technical guidance for optimizing allocation of operation elements in marshalling station oriented to capacity coordination of railway station and line.
引文
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