太阳能—热泵联合干燥装置研制及罗非鱼干燥实验研究
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摘要
为了合理利用新能源,有效降低食品干燥过程中的能耗,本课题在分析了太阳能干燥、热泵干燥和热风干燥的各自优势和不足之后,设计并搭建了可以与多种食品材料干燥性能相匹配的太阳能-热泵联合干燥装置,并从装置的性能指标出发,对其干燥方式的独立和联合运行的模式进行了相应的性能测试。为了考察装置的干燥特性,以广东省湛江市所产的罗非鱼为原料,进行了干燥材料与装置的匹配实验,研究了过程参数的调节和变化对物料干燥特性的影响,最后对太阳能集热装置的经济性进行了分析。并完成了以下工作:
1.完成了太阳能-热泵联合干燥装置的设计研究。以定量干燥为条件,依据当地的地理位置和太阳能辐射情况,对太阳能集热和空气源热泵的联合装置的耦合性能进行了理论分析和设计,确定了系统的运行流程,根据太阳能集热器的负荷的计算确定了集热器的面积和附助设备的选型。在定工况条件下对热泵干燥装置负荷进行计算,确定了系统设备的配置和相应的选型,分析了装置可实现的功能。此装置是多功能变工况的可联合或独立的太阳能-热泵干燥装置,装置能根据天气情况的变化调节以实现太阳能独立干燥,热泵独立干燥,太阳能-热泵联合干燥以及相应的开式、半开式和封闭式的循环方式,干燥过程中能根据干燥物料的特点和要求变换不同的运行模式和工况。
2.搭建了太阳能-热泵联合干燥装置,并对搭建好的太阳能热泵联合干燥装置进行了性能测试和分析,测试结果显示:热泵干燥系统的除湿能耗比随着冷凝温度的升高而下降,随着蒸发温度的升高而增加;热泵的制热系数为3.1,在热泵蒸发器入口风温分别为40℃、45℃、50℃时,太阳能-热泵联合干燥系统的制热系数分别为5.0、6.7、8.0,明显高于热泵单独运行时的制热系数;太阳能热泵联合干燥装置具备良好的调温和控温能力,能满足多种工况变化的要求。
3.以罗非鱼为实验原料对水产品在太阳能-热泵联合干燥装置中的干燥过程和特性进行了初步试验研究,进行了罗非鱼片在热泵干燥单独运行和太阳能干燥单独运行的干燥实验,对其干燥曲线和干燥速率进行对比分析,实验样品的干燥时间和能耗与干燥条件密切相关,且干燥温越高,干燥速率越快,原料厚度越小,其相同干燥时间内能获得含水率更低的干品。这为太阳能热泵联合干燥装置的研发和生产工艺提供了理论依据。
4.在实验基础上对太阳能集热系统进行了技术经济评价,得出太阳能装置投资回收期2-3年,经济上是可行的.
In order to use new energy sources rationally, reduce the energy consumption in the process of drying food, after analyzing the advantage and disadvantage of solar drying, heat pump drying and hot air drying, this study designed and built a solar energy-heat pump combined drying device which could match with the drying performance of kinks of food, tested the relative parameter of independent and combined drying basing on the performance indexes of device, and obtained relevant results. To investigate drying characteristics of device, the matching experiment with drying materials (tilapia) which produced at Zhanjiang city Guangdong province was carried out. This paper also studied the effect of the changes in process parameters on drying characteristic, and made an economic assessment on the solar collector system finally. The following work was finished:
1. On the condition of quantitative drying, according to the geographical position and solar radiation of Zhanjiang, this paper designed a solar energy-heat pump combined drying device, analyzed the coupling of it, determined running process of the system, calculated the thermal load of the solar collector, the area of absorber plate,and the size of other assistant equipment. Under the immovable operating condition, this paper calculated the thermal load of heat pump drier, determined configuration of device and relevant size, and analyzed the functions of the device. This device is a solar energy- heat pump combined drier with multi-function, which could operate independently or jointly at variable condition. According to the change of weather, operator could choice solar drying, heat pump drying, or the combined drying with drying medium cycled by open, Semi-open, or closed type, and operator also could change the operation mode to adjust the different conditions for the characteristics of drying materials during the process.
2. After building a solar energy-heat pump combined drying device, we tested and analyzed the performance of it, results showed that: The SEMR of heat pump decreases with the increase of condensing temperature, and increases with the increase of evaporating temperature. The heating efficiency of heat pump system is 2.5,while that of the combined drying system is 5.0,6.7,8.0 respectively when air temperature at inlet of heat pump evaporator was 40℃, 45℃, 50℃,Which is higher than heat pump drying system obviously. The device could regulate and control temperature well, and satisfy the requirement of operating conditions.
3. The paper made the drying experiment of Tilapia while heat pump and solar drying system operated alone, compared and analyzed drying curves and drying rate curves of them. The drying time and power consumption is closely related with the drying conditions, and the higher the drying temperature is, the faster the drying rate is. The lighter the material is, the lower water content can be obtained at the same drying time. All of those provide a theoretical basis for production process and the research of solar energy-heat pump combined drying device.
4. A technological and economic assessment on the solar collector system was also made and presented in this study. Result of the analysis showed that the repayment period of the device was 2.3 years, and thus solar collector is economically feasible matter
1.完成了太阳能-热泵联合干燥装置的设计研究。以定量干燥为条件,依据当地的地理位置和太阳能辐射情况,对太阳能集热和空气源热泵的联合装置的耦合性能进行了理论分析和设计,确定了系统的运行流程,根据太阳能集热器的负荷的计算确定了集热器的面积和附助设备的选型。在定工况条件下对热泵干燥装置负荷进行计算,确定了系统设备的配置和相应的选型,分析了装置可实现的功能。此装置是多功能变工况的可联合或独立的太阳能-热泵干燥装置,装置能根据天气情况的变化调节以实现太阳能独立干燥,热泵独立干燥,太阳能-热泵联合干燥以及相应的开式、半开式和封闭式的循环方式,干燥过程中能根据干燥物料的特点和要求变换不同的运行模式和工况。
2.搭建了太阳能-热泵联合干燥装置,并对搭建好的太阳能热泵联合干燥装置进行了性能测试和分析,测试结果显示:热泵干燥系统的除湿能耗比随着冷凝温度的升高而下降,随着蒸发温度的升高而增加;热泵的制热系数为3.1,在热泵蒸发器入口风温分别为40℃、45℃、50℃时,太阳能-热泵联合干燥系统的制热系数分别为5.0、6.7、8.0,明显高于热泵单独运行时的制热系数;太阳能热泵联合干燥装置具备良好的调温和控温能力,能满足多种工况变化的要求。
3.以罗非鱼为实验原料对水产品在太阳能-热泵联合干燥装置中的干燥过程和特性进行了初步试验研究,进行了罗非鱼片在热泵干燥单独运行和太阳能干燥单独运行的干燥实验,对其干燥曲线和干燥速率进行对比分析,实验样品的干燥时间和能耗与干燥条件密切相关,且干燥温越高,干燥速率越快,原料厚度越小,其相同干燥时间内能获得含水率更低的干品。这为太阳能热泵联合干燥装置的研发和生产工艺提供了理论依据。
4.在实验基础上对太阳能集热系统进行了技术经济评价,得出太阳能装置投资回收期2-3年,经济上是可行的.
In order to use new energy sources rationally, reduce the energy consumption in the process of drying food, after analyzing the advantage and disadvantage of solar drying, heat pump drying and hot air drying, this study designed and built a solar energy-heat pump combined drying device which could match with the drying performance of kinks of food, tested the relative parameter of independent and combined drying basing on the performance indexes of device, and obtained relevant results. To investigate drying characteristics of device, the matching experiment with drying materials (tilapia) which produced at Zhanjiang city Guangdong province was carried out. This paper also studied the effect of the changes in process parameters on drying characteristic, and made an economic assessment on the solar collector system finally. The following work was finished:
1. On the condition of quantitative drying, according to the geographical position and solar radiation of Zhanjiang, this paper designed a solar energy-heat pump combined drying device, analyzed the coupling of it, determined running process of the system, calculated the thermal load of the solar collector, the area of absorber plate,and the size of other assistant equipment. Under the immovable operating condition, this paper calculated the thermal load of heat pump drier, determined configuration of device and relevant size, and analyzed the functions of the device. This device is a solar energy- heat pump combined drier with multi-function, which could operate independently or jointly at variable condition. According to the change of weather, operator could choice solar drying, heat pump drying, or the combined drying with drying medium cycled by open, Semi-open, or closed type, and operator also could change the operation mode to adjust the different conditions for the characteristics of drying materials during the process.
2. After building a solar energy-heat pump combined drying device, we tested and analyzed the performance of it, results showed that: The SEMR of heat pump decreases with the increase of condensing temperature, and increases with the increase of evaporating temperature. The heating efficiency of heat pump system is 2.5,while that of the combined drying system is 5.0,6.7,8.0 respectively when air temperature at inlet of heat pump evaporator was 40℃, 45℃, 50℃,Which is higher than heat pump drying system obviously. The device could regulate and control temperature well, and satisfy the requirement of operating conditions.
3. The paper made the drying experiment of Tilapia while heat pump and solar drying system operated alone, compared and analyzed drying curves and drying rate curves of them. The drying time and power consumption is closely related with the drying conditions, and the higher the drying temperature is, the faster the drying rate is. The lighter the material is, the lower water content can be obtained at the same drying time. All of those provide a theoretical basis for production process and the research of solar energy-heat pump combined drying device.
4. A technological and economic assessment on the solar collector system was also made and presented in this study. Result of the analysis showed that the repayment period of the device was 2.3 years, and thus solar collector is economically feasible matter
引文
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[2]Wang J, Xi Y S. Drying characteristics and drying quality of carrot using a two stage microwave process[J ]. Journal of Food Engineering , 2005 ,68 :505-511.
[3]史勇春,柴本银.中国干燥技术现状及发展趋势[J].干燥技术与设备,2006.4: 65-68
[4]张静,袁惠新.几种食品干燥新技术的进展与应用[J].包装与食品机械,2003,21(1):29
[5]张国琛,毛志怀.水产品干燥技术的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2004,4(20): 297-301.
[6]徐艳阳,张愁,屠定玉.真空冷冻与热风联合干燥毛竹笋[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2004,23(6):27-29.
[7]张璧光,刘志军,谢拥群.太阳能干燥技术[M].化学工业出版社,2007:15-17
[8]Elustondo Diego. Drying foodstuff with superheated steam. Drying Techonlogy. 2002.20(1):258-263
[9]Wimmerstedt R. steam drying-history and future.Drying 94.1994:19-22
[10]Sanchez S. infarared thermal radiation drying of coffec beans.Drying.1986(1):379
[11]董铁友,朱学文等.均匀平铺载荷下微波干燥室内的能原分布.食品机械,2002,88(2):24-25
[12]刘伟涛,杨姗姗等.太阳能干燥设备在食品干燥中的应用[J],食品工业科技,2008,10(29):203-205
[13]陈东,谢继红等。热泵干燥装置[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:7-25
[14]张鹏等.食品干燥新技术及其应用[J].食品与生物技术学报,2005,3(25):115-119
[15]徐艳阳,张愁,屠定玉.真空冷冻与热风联合干燥毛竹笋[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2004,23(6):27-29.
[16]刘森元,李立敦.太阳能干燥利用研究及其在工农业生产中的应用[J].新能源2002:22
[17]罗运俊等.太阳能利用技术[M].化学工业出版社,2005:29-31.
[18]潘永康、王喜忠、刘相东.现代干燥技术[M].2007:415-417.
[19]陈东,周红,谢继红等.热泵干燥装置的应用和发展分析[J].2007,5(2):74-75
[20]矫洪涛,王学生,魏国.太阳能热泵技术研究进展[J],2007,28(5):270-275
[21]张璧光太阳能与热泵节能干燥技术[J ].通用机械,2006:18-20.
[22]尹茜,刘存芳.太阳能热泵的研究及应用[J].节能技术,2006,137(3):236-239
[23]赵宏伟,胡明辅,李勇等.太阳能热泵技术及其研究进展[J].能源与环境,2008(2):83-84
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