黄河口凹陷层序地层与旋回地层研究及烃源岩形成条件分析
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摘要
层序地层学的概念自提出以来,经过20多年的研究和应用实践,已经成为地球科学中研究沉积盆地充填和进行资源预测的重要理论和方法体系。海相层序地层学中主要强调了构造沉降、海平面变化及物源补给因素对层序发育的控制作用。而对于陆相盆地而言,由于湖泊沉积对气候变化的敏感性,除构造沉降外,气候因素也是控制层序发育以及湖盆中烃源岩形成的尤为重要的因素。但在目前陆相能源盆地的研究中,对气候条件深入分析却仍还是比较薄弱的环节。因此,论文着重对古近纪黄河口凹陷层序和烃源岩发育过程中的古气候条件进行了分析,并探讨了古气候、古环境条件对层序和烃源岩发育控制作用。
通过系统的层序地层学、旋回地层学、微体古生物学、古气候学及烃源岩地球化学等研究,主要得出了如下几点认识和结论:
1.通过系统的层序地层学研究,总结了黄河口凹陷层序界面的发育特征,对古近系地层划分出了4个二级层序和14个三级层序,并建立了层序地层格架。尤其是通过BZ25-1-1井上古生物组合的突变现象,发现了此处一个大间断面的存在。
2.在建立了三级层序地层格架的基础上,根据孢粉等古生物资料,对各层序发育时期的古气候条件进行了恢复。针古生物数据最为丰富的BZ34-2-1井,进一步计算了其孢粉植物群的信息函数,进而将其与各级地层旋回的发育进行了对比分析,揭示了信息函数变化与各级地层界面之间良好的对应关系。
3.通过小波分析技术对典型层段进行了旋回地层学研究,识别出了11个短偏心率周期和26个倾斜度周期的地层旋回,进而对天文旋回在确定地层年龄方面的应用进行了尝试,计算出了层序SQ32的延续时限约为1.1Ma。
4.重点分析了BZ25-1-5井钻遇的三套烃源岩的发育特征,通过与气候条件之间的对应关系,揭示了良好的气候条件对烃源岩的发育具有重要的控制作用。并指出了良好气候条件下形成的高湖盆生产力是决定烃源岩发育的首要条件。
After 20 years' studying and application, the sequence stratigraphy have been becoming a significant theory to study basin filling and an important method for resources estimation. It is supposed that tectonic subsidence, eustatic change of sea level and sediment supply rate are the controlling factors of sequence development in marine basins. But in lacustrine basins, the sedimentary process is very sensitive to climatic changes, the climate is also a very important factor controlling the sequence development and hydrocarbon source rock formation in lacustrine basins. However, the details about these controlling mechanisms are still poorly understood temporarily. Therefore, in this paper, the paleoclimate, paleoenvironment and their control over the formation of sequences and hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly discussed.
Base on the systematic studies of sequence stratigraphy, micropaleontology, paleoclimatology, cyclostratigraphy and source rock geochemistry, some conclusions are extracted;
1. Through sequence stratigraphic study, the features of sequence boundary are summarized. Paleogene is divided into 4 second-order sequences and 14 third-order sequences. Afterwards, the sequence stratigraphic framework of Eogene in Huanghekou area is established. Especially, according to the saltatory evolution of the palynological assemblage in well BZ25-1-1, a significant hiatus is discovered.
2. Based on the sequence stratigraphic framework, according to the analysis of spore-pollen, algae fossils and litho-face characteristics, the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions has been reconstructed in Paleogene Huanghekou depression, Bohaiwan basin. Furthermore, the information function of the palynological assemblage in well BZ34-2-1 was computed, and the results were compared with the stratigraphic cycles.
3. With wavelet analytic technique, the study of cyclostratigraphy is carried in the representative sequence, and 11 eccentricity cycles including 26 obliquity cycles are recognised. Then, the application of astronomical geochronology is discussed, and the time range of SQ32 is estimated as 1.1Ma.
4. The characteristics of the three horizontal hydrocarbon source rock beds drilled by well BZ25-1-5 has been analyzed and compared with the paleoclimatic conditions. The results showed that the lake productivity affected by humid climatic conditions may have been the most important parameter controlling the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks.
通过系统的层序地层学、旋回地层学、微体古生物学、古气候学及烃源岩地球化学等研究,主要得出了如下几点认识和结论:
1.通过系统的层序地层学研究,总结了黄河口凹陷层序界面的发育特征,对古近系地层划分出了4个二级层序和14个三级层序,并建立了层序地层格架。尤其是通过BZ25-1-1井上古生物组合的突变现象,发现了此处一个大间断面的存在。
2.在建立了三级层序地层格架的基础上,根据孢粉等古生物资料,对各层序发育时期的古气候条件进行了恢复。针古生物数据最为丰富的BZ34-2-1井,进一步计算了其孢粉植物群的信息函数,进而将其与各级地层旋回的发育进行了对比分析,揭示了信息函数变化与各级地层界面之间良好的对应关系。
3.通过小波分析技术对典型层段进行了旋回地层学研究,识别出了11个短偏心率周期和26个倾斜度周期的地层旋回,进而对天文旋回在确定地层年龄方面的应用进行了尝试,计算出了层序SQ32的延续时限约为1.1Ma。
4.重点分析了BZ25-1-5井钻遇的三套烃源岩的发育特征,通过与气候条件之间的对应关系,揭示了良好的气候条件对烃源岩的发育具有重要的控制作用。并指出了良好气候条件下形成的高湖盆生产力是决定烃源岩发育的首要条件。
After 20 years' studying and application, the sequence stratigraphy have been becoming a significant theory to study basin filling and an important method for resources estimation. It is supposed that tectonic subsidence, eustatic change of sea level and sediment supply rate are the controlling factors of sequence development in marine basins. But in lacustrine basins, the sedimentary process is very sensitive to climatic changes, the climate is also a very important factor controlling the sequence development and hydrocarbon source rock formation in lacustrine basins. However, the details about these controlling mechanisms are still poorly understood temporarily. Therefore, in this paper, the paleoclimate, paleoenvironment and their control over the formation of sequences and hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly discussed.
Base on the systematic studies of sequence stratigraphy, micropaleontology, paleoclimatology, cyclostratigraphy and source rock geochemistry, some conclusions are extracted;
1. Through sequence stratigraphic study, the features of sequence boundary are summarized. Paleogene is divided into 4 second-order sequences and 14 third-order sequences. Afterwards, the sequence stratigraphic framework of Eogene in Huanghekou area is established. Especially, according to the saltatory evolution of the palynological assemblage in well BZ25-1-1, a significant hiatus is discovered.
2. Based on the sequence stratigraphic framework, according to the analysis of spore-pollen, algae fossils and litho-face characteristics, the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions has been reconstructed in Paleogene Huanghekou depression, Bohaiwan basin. Furthermore, the information function of the palynological assemblage in well BZ34-2-1 was computed, and the results were compared with the stratigraphic cycles.
3. With wavelet analytic technique, the study of cyclostratigraphy is carried in the representative sequence, and 11 eccentricity cycles including 26 obliquity cycles are recognised. Then, the application of astronomical geochronology is discussed, and the time range of SQ32 is estimated as 1.1Ma.
4. The characteristics of the three horizontal hydrocarbon source rock beds drilled by well BZ25-1-5 has been analyzed and compared with the paleoclimatic conditions. The results showed that the lake productivity affected by humid climatic conditions may have been the most important parameter controlling the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks.
引文
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