寒冷地区住宅建筑物综合热惰性的研究
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摘要
随着世界环境和能源问题的日益严重,节约能源保护环境已经成为各国政府的重要工作之一。在所有能源消耗中,建筑能耗已经占到世界总能耗的1/5。在中国,建筑用能已经达到全国能源消费总量的1/4。而采用集中供热的北方城镇,其采暖能耗占城镇建筑能耗的40%左右,为建筑能源消耗的最大组成部分。对于目前现有的许多集中供热系统都没有采用先进的调节手段,只能依据室外气温的变化依靠经验来进行调节,所以普遍存在能源浪费的问题。在供热调节过程中,除了要考虑室外气温,还应结合供热管网的热惰性和建筑物的综合热惰性进行综合考虑。
本文主要针对寒冷地区住宅建筑物的综合热惰性进行研究。通过对实际住宅建筑室内环境温度和围护结构的温度进行测量,研究了不同朝向房间内壁温度及室内温度在采暖期和非采暖期内的变化规律。通过建造住宅建筑的缩比模型进行实验,研究了不同窗墙比、围护结构保温、室内人员活动以及室内家具对建筑物综合热惰性的影响。并利用eQUEST软件以实测建筑为研究对象建立模型,分别就采暖期内无任何采暖设备、散热器采暖情况下的室内温度进行模拟并进行了比较分析,阐述各因素对建筑物综合热惰性的影响。以延迟时间和衰减倍数两个热惰性参数的变化为依据分析总结了寒冷地区住宅建筑综合热惰性的特点。
研究结果表明,建筑物的综合热惰性受到建筑物的围护结构材料、朝向、外窗墙比等各种因素的影响。其中,寒冷地区住宅建筑房间的内壁温度波动相对于室外温度延迟时间普遍在2小时左右,衰减系数在0.2左右。实验研究结果表明,在不考虑太阳辐射的影响时,房间内是否有家具对室内温度变化的影响较大,其次是人员设备散热,再次是窗墙比的大小。
Energy saving and environment protection become one of the most important tasks for the governments around the world, as the problem of energy and environment become more and more serious. Building energy consumption accounts for 1/5 of the total energy consumption of the world, and which is the 1/4 of the country’s total energy in China. The centralized space heating energy consumption of Northern China occupies a proportion of about 40% of urban building energy consumption, which is a large part of building energy consumption. There is the problem of energy waste of centralized heating, since there are no advanced controlling methods for many centralized heating systems, the adjustments are made manually and entirely depend on experience according to weather condition without considering the effect of other factors. Not only outdoor weather temperature but also the thermal inertia of pipe network and the integrated thermal inertia of buildings should be taken into account during the adjusting process.
This dissertation mainly research on the integrated thermal inertia of residential buildings in Cold Region of China. Through indoor temperature and envelope surface temperature measurement, the performance characteristics of different orientation during heating period and without heating period were analyzed. The influence to integrated thermal inertia was researched with different area ratio of window to wall, envelope insulation, occupancy activity and furniture in the small scale building model experiment. Indoor temperature of residential building model was simulated and compared in eQUEST software corresponding to occasion without any heating equipments, occasion with water heaters. All influence factors on integrated thermal inertia of buildings were analyzed and generalized. The characteristics of integrated thermal inertia of the residential buildings were summarized in terms of time lag and decrement factor by the general comparison and analysis of the simulation and experiment results.
The research results indicate that the integrated thermal inertia of residential buildings is related to the envelope materials of buildings, orientation, area ratio of window to wall and other factors. The time lag between the indoor temperatures and the outdoor air temperatures is about 2 hours, and the decrement factor is about 0.2 of residential building in Cold Region. The experiment results show that without considering the influence of solar radiation, the furniture in the room play the most important role to the indoor temperature of the residential building; the second factor is the heat emission of human activities and devices in the rooms; and then it is the area ratio of window to wall of building.
本文主要针对寒冷地区住宅建筑物的综合热惰性进行研究。通过对实际住宅建筑室内环境温度和围护结构的温度进行测量,研究了不同朝向房间内壁温度及室内温度在采暖期和非采暖期内的变化规律。通过建造住宅建筑的缩比模型进行实验,研究了不同窗墙比、围护结构保温、室内人员活动以及室内家具对建筑物综合热惰性的影响。并利用eQUEST软件以实测建筑为研究对象建立模型,分别就采暖期内无任何采暖设备、散热器采暖情况下的室内温度进行模拟并进行了比较分析,阐述各因素对建筑物综合热惰性的影响。以延迟时间和衰减倍数两个热惰性参数的变化为依据分析总结了寒冷地区住宅建筑综合热惰性的特点。
研究结果表明,建筑物的综合热惰性受到建筑物的围护结构材料、朝向、外窗墙比等各种因素的影响。其中,寒冷地区住宅建筑房间的内壁温度波动相对于室外温度延迟时间普遍在2小时左右,衰减系数在0.2左右。实验研究结果表明,在不考虑太阳辐射的影响时,房间内是否有家具对室内温度变化的影响较大,其次是人员设备散热,再次是窗墙比的大小。
Energy saving and environment protection become one of the most important tasks for the governments around the world, as the problem of energy and environment become more and more serious. Building energy consumption accounts for 1/5 of the total energy consumption of the world, and which is the 1/4 of the country’s total energy in China. The centralized space heating energy consumption of Northern China occupies a proportion of about 40% of urban building energy consumption, which is a large part of building energy consumption. There is the problem of energy waste of centralized heating, since there are no advanced controlling methods for many centralized heating systems, the adjustments are made manually and entirely depend on experience according to weather condition without considering the effect of other factors. Not only outdoor weather temperature but also the thermal inertia of pipe network and the integrated thermal inertia of buildings should be taken into account during the adjusting process.
This dissertation mainly research on the integrated thermal inertia of residential buildings in Cold Region of China. Through indoor temperature and envelope surface temperature measurement, the performance characteristics of different orientation during heating period and without heating period were analyzed. The influence to integrated thermal inertia was researched with different area ratio of window to wall, envelope insulation, occupancy activity and furniture in the small scale building model experiment. Indoor temperature of residential building model was simulated and compared in eQUEST software corresponding to occasion without any heating equipments, occasion with water heaters. All influence factors on integrated thermal inertia of buildings were analyzed and generalized. The characteristics of integrated thermal inertia of the residential buildings were summarized in terms of time lag and decrement factor by the general comparison and analysis of the simulation and experiment results.
The research results indicate that the integrated thermal inertia of residential buildings is related to the envelope materials of buildings, orientation, area ratio of window to wall and other factors. The time lag between the indoor temperatures and the outdoor air temperatures is about 2 hours, and the decrement factor is about 0.2 of residential building in Cold Region. The experiment results show that without considering the influence of solar radiation, the furniture in the room play the most important role to the indoor temperature of the residential building; the second factor is the heat emission of human activities and devices in the rooms; and then it is the area ratio of window to wall of building.
引文
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