湖水源热泵系统性能研究及软件开发
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摘要
本文通过能量守恒原理建立湖体热平衡数学模型,在深入分析湖水源系统工程特点的基础上建立开、闭式取水系统模型,热泵机组能耗运行动态模型,湖体承载能力模型以及与传统空调系统对比的节能率分析模型,采用软件编程方式模拟自然条件、负荷下水体温度变化及湖水源热泵系统全年动态能耗、能效的变化。
首先,进行系统总体设计,包括系统结构、功能设计、开发方式、开发平台的选择;其次对湖水源热泵系统中各子系统(机组、水泵)进行专业功能设计;最后分析验证湖体热承载能力,综合评价热泵系统性能及项目实施的可行性。
对闭式湖水源系统验证,本文根据上海某项目采用的湖水源热泵项目,对其系统的设计和运行情况进行了测试和分析。用DEST能耗模拟软件计算建筑全年负荷导入软件,针对采用湖水源热泵实现冬季供热的方案与采用锅炉制热的传统方案分别对机组、水泵和系统整体的能耗和能效进行比较。
对开式湖水源系统验证,本文拟采用重庆市主城区某综合性大楼通过软件对比定流量与变流量在节能情况上的差异,进行冬季逐时能耗对比发现部分负荷下,变流量下系统累计总能耗比定流量下能耗累计值减少20.62%,取水系统在变流量调控状态下将存在很大的节能潜力,取水系统节能量达到40.45%。
由于静止水体的能量平衡主要取决于太阳辐射得热与水体表面蒸发耗热和夜间长波辐射耗热之间的平衡,这些自发过程主要发生在水体的表面,浅层水体由于深度和面积有限,底部可利用的低温冷水量存在一个极限值,随着热泵机组的运行,排入到水体的热量逐渐增加,水体热分层将遭到破坏,整体水温上升。本文建立了静水湖体全年温度模型,当湖体作为水源热泵冷热源时用于预测湖水的供冷极限,并与重庆开县人民医院湖水源热泵系统的水温测试数据选取相同时间进行水温对比分析,验证软件模型在工程应用上的准确性和可靠性。
The fundamental basis of thermal equilibrium of the mathematical model in this paper is energy conservation. According to the characteristics of engineering project, a kind of program design and estimate software which include subsystem such as energy consumption model of heat pump unit, open-type and close-type piping dynamic model, pipe coil design model, eulimnetic thermal capacity analytical model, total energy saving rate model of lake source heat pump system compared with traditional air-conditioning system has been exploited. With C# language programming, the analysis of dynamic energy consumption and coefficient of performance of heat pump unit under natural and on-load conditions are within our reach.
First and foremost, the software began with overall system design, including systematic structure and functions, analyzing the development method, platform and needed programming tools. Secondly, specialty function designs were conduced in heat pump unit and piping subsystem respectively. At last, we tested and verified eulimnetic thermal capacity and hypothetical cooling capacity in order to evaluate the comprehensive performance and implementary feasibility of heat pump system projects.
With the system design and operation being tested in open-type and closed-type lake water heat pump system, this paper proved the practicability of design and estimate of lake water source heat pump software. Under the operational performance measurement, the statistics data of closed-type system on the base of a lake water source heat pump system project in shanghai, shows that the average coefficient of performance of heat pump unit is 3.61 when the average water inlet temperature at 8.1 Celsius degree. Leading in year-round building load calculated by DeST software, in view of using lake water source heat pump system compare with traditional hydrocooling unit assist furnaces system to analyze the energy consumption of AHU, piping and total system by our software respectively.
A lake water source heat pump system project of comprehensive buildings in Chongqing is used for verifying the open-type operating mode under constant flow or variable flow conditions respectively in winter, compared mutual energy saving differences. The theory outlined in this article, via software simulated two kinds of working conditions, indicates that variable flow operation decrease the total energy consumption by 20.62% at part load. Water piping system with variable speed controlled not only has important economical potential but also possesses energy saving potential as much as 40.45%.
The static water energy balance depends mainly on the balance beteewn some parameters such as solar radiate heat gain, water surface evaporation consumption and longwave radiation heat consumption at night. Actually, these equilibrium process spontaneously occured mainly on the surface of shallow water, and those available cold water at the bottom of reservoir was restricted by the depth and area of the superficial layer. Along with operation of the pump unit, thermal stratification of waterbody will be destroyed when quantity of heat raising little by little, which cause the overall temperature rising gradually. This thesis established an annual temperature model of static water lake that used for predicting cooling limit of water source when heat pump operates continuely. Compare with water temperature test data published on existing paper refer to the People's Hospital located in Kaixian county seat, the accuracy and reliability of software model could be authenticated.
首先,进行系统总体设计,包括系统结构、功能设计、开发方式、开发平台的选择;其次对湖水源热泵系统中各子系统(机组、水泵)进行专业功能设计;最后分析验证湖体热承载能力,综合评价热泵系统性能及项目实施的可行性。
对闭式湖水源系统验证,本文根据上海某项目采用的湖水源热泵项目,对其系统的设计和运行情况进行了测试和分析。用DEST能耗模拟软件计算建筑全年负荷导入软件,针对采用湖水源热泵实现冬季供热的方案与采用锅炉制热的传统方案分别对机组、水泵和系统整体的能耗和能效进行比较。
对开式湖水源系统验证,本文拟采用重庆市主城区某综合性大楼通过软件对比定流量与变流量在节能情况上的差异,进行冬季逐时能耗对比发现部分负荷下,变流量下系统累计总能耗比定流量下能耗累计值减少20.62%,取水系统在变流量调控状态下将存在很大的节能潜力,取水系统节能量达到40.45%。
由于静止水体的能量平衡主要取决于太阳辐射得热与水体表面蒸发耗热和夜间长波辐射耗热之间的平衡,这些自发过程主要发生在水体的表面,浅层水体由于深度和面积有限,底部可利用的低温冷水量存在一个极限值,随着热泵机组的运行,排入到水体的热量逐渐增加,水体热分层将遭到破坏,整体水温上升。本文建立了静水湖体全年温度模型,当湖体作为水源热泵冷热源时用于预测湖水的供冷极限,并与重庆开县人民医院湖水源热泵系统的水温测试数据选取相同时间进行水温对比分析,验证软件模型在工程应用上的准确性和可靠性。
The fundamental basis of thermal equilibrium of the mathematical model in this paper is energy conservation. According to the characteristics of engineering project, a kind of program design and estimate software which include subsystem such as energy consumption model of heat pump unit, open-type and close-type piping dynamic model, pipe coil design model, eulimnetic thermal capacity analytical model, total energy saving rate model of lake source heat pump system compared with traditional air-conditioning system has been exploited. With C# language programming, the analysis of dynamic energy consumption and coefficient of performance of heat pump unit under natural and on-load conditions are within our reach.
First and foremost, the software began with overall system design, including systematic structure and functions, analyzing the development method, platform and needed programming tools. Secondly, specialty function designs were conduced in heat pump unit and piping subsystem respectively. At last, we tested and verified eulimnetic thermal capacity and hypothetical cooling capacity in order to evaluate the comprehensive performance and implementary feasibility of heat pump system projects.
With the system design and operation being tested in open-type and closed-type lake water heat pump system, this paper proved the practicability of design and estimate of lake water source heat pump software. Under the operational performance measurement, the statistics data of closed-type system on the base of a lake water source heat pump system project in shanghai, shows that the average coefficient of performance of heat pump unit is 3.61 when the average water inlet temperature at 8.1 Celsius degree. Leading in year-round building load calculated by DeST software, in view of using lake water source heat pump system compare with traditional hydrocooling unit assist furnaces system to analyze the energy consumption of AHU, piping and total system by our software respectively.
A lake water source heat pump system project of comprehensive buildings in Chongqing is used for verifying the open-type operating mode under constant flow or variable flow conditions respectively in winter, compared mutual energy saving differences. The theory outlined in this article, via software simulated two kinds of working conditions, indicates that variable flow operation decrease the total energy consumption by 20.62% at part load. Water piping system with variable speed controlled not only has important economical potential but also possesses energy saving potential as much as 40.45%.
The static water energy balance depends mainly on the balance beteewn some parameters such as solar radiate heat gain, water surface evaporation consumption and longwave radiation heat consumption at night. Actually, these equilibrium process spontaneously occured mainly on the surface of shallow water, and those available cold water at the bottom of reservoir was restricted by the depth and area of the superficial layer. Along with operation of the pump unit, thermal stratification of waterbody will be destroyed when quantity of heat raising little by little, which cause the overall temperature rising gradually. This thesis established an annual temperature model of static water lake that used for predicting cooling limit of water source when heat pump operates continuely. Compare with water temperature test data published on existing paper refer to the People's Hospital located in Kaixian county seat, the accuracy and reliability of software model could be authenticated.
引文
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