激光标刻中激光功率的适时控制算法研究
|
摘要
在激光加工领域,激光标刻的应用范围不断扩大,对激光标刻的精度要求也不断提高。本文主要研究一种激光功率适时控制算法及其软件实现。
本文首先对激光标刻系统中的振镜特性以及一些常见的标刻误差如:开、关激光延迟、跳转延迟和拐角延迟误差进行了深入研究。虽然通过设置合理的延迟时间可以消除上述延迟误差,但在拐角区域内仍然存在有深度标刻现象。因此我们考虑采用一种参数控制的方式,通过适时改变功率的大小来消除误差,并建立了以实现恒激光能量累积为目标的参数匹配计算机控制模型。模型分析表明,要保证激光标刻的质量,就必须保证激光功率与扫描速度之间的正比关系。在具体的算法实现中需要考虑系统硬件是否具有速度反馈机制:有速度反馈系统中,通常反馈回的是振镜的角速度信号,本文通过对双振镜扫描系统的光路进行研究,给出振镜角速度与扫描速度的换算方法;而对一般系统的算法实现中,关键是要确定标刻矢量段中的变速区域,本文在仔细分析振镜运转规律后,给出了矢量段中加减速区域内的插补点数量以及在这些点上对应的扫描速度。
最后,对本激光控制系统的响应性能进行了理论分析,并采用MatLab软件对标刻矢量上的能量分布进行了数值仿真,结果表明本算法能很好的解决深度标刻问题。
In the laser processing, laser marking has been applied to many fields, the demand of marker’s precision is also increasing. In this thesis, the algorithm and realizing method of programming for timely control of laser power is presented.
Characteristics of galvanometer and some kinds of marking error such as error of pline start and end delay、off vector delay and interseg delay are analyzed in this thesis. Although errors mentioned above can be corrected by setting delay time, overmark still appears at the corner between two connected polylines. In order to timely control of laser power, a parameter-matching computer-controlling model is established to obtain constant accumulative energy in the stuff. According to the analysis of the model, the proportional relationship between laser power and scanning velocity is the necessary qualification to get good quality of marking . Two imaginable situations must be considered: the hardware system has or not have the mechanism of velocity signal feedback. In the feedback system, generally, we only get the angular velocity of galvanometer, a transform method is given in the thesis which can be used to transform angular velocity into scan velocity. In the system without velocity signal, it is most important to make sure the segments at the marking polyline where the scan velocity is changing. The number of points and corresponding velocity in speedup/ speed-down segments can be obtained through the analysis in this thesis.
At last, the performance of the laser controlling system is inspected by the theory analysis, and the distributing of energy on the marking polyline is simulated using Matlab software. The results show that the algorithm can solve the overmark problem quite well.
本文首先对激光标刻系统中的振镜特性以及一些常见的标刻误差如:开、关激光延迟、跳转延迟和拐角延迟误差进行了深入研究。虽然通过设置合理的延迟时间可以消除上述延迟误差,但在拐角区域内仍然存在有深度标刻现象。因此我们考虑采用一种参数控制的方式,通过适时改变功率的大小来消除误差,并建立了以实现恒激光能量累积为目标的参数匹配计算机控制模型。模型分析表明,要保证激光标刻的质量,就必须保证激光功率与扫描速度之间的正比关系。在具体的算法实现中需要考虑系统硬件是否具有速度反馈机制:有速度反馈系统中,通常反馈回的是振镜的角速度信号,本文通过对双振镜扫描系统的光路进行研究,给出振镜角速度与扫描速度的换算方法;而对一般系统的算法实现中,关键是要确定标刻矢量段中的变速区域,本文在仔细分析振镜运转规律后,给出了矢量段中加减速区域内的插补点数量以及在这些点上对应的扫描速度。
最后,对本激光控制系统的响应性能进行了理论分析,并采用MatLab软件对标刻矢量上的能量分布进行了数值仿真,结果表明本算法能很好的解决深度标刻问题。
In the laser processing, laser marking has been applied to many fields, the demand of marker’s precision is also increasing. In this thesis, the algorithm and realizing method of programming for timely control of laser power is presented.
Characteristics of galvanometer and some kinds of marking error such as error of pline start and end delay、off vector delay and interseg delay are analyzed in this thesis. Although errors mentioned above can be corrected by setting delay time, overmark still appears at the corner between two connected polylines. In order to timely control of laser power, a parameter-matching computer-controlling model is established to obtain constant accumulative energy in the stuff. According to the analysis of the model, the proportional relationship between laser power and scanning velocity is the necessary qualification to get good quality of marking . Two imaginable situations must be considered: the hardware system has or not have the mechanism of velocity signal feedback. In the feedback system, generally, we only get the angular velocity of galvanometer, a transform method is given in the thesis which can be used to transform angular velocity into scan velocity. In the system without velocity signal, it is most important to make sure the segments at the marking polyline where the scan velocity is changing. The number of points and corresponding velocity in speedup/ speed-down segments can be obtained through the analysis in this thesis.
At last, the performance of the laser controlling system is inspected by the theory analysis, and the distributing of energy on the marking polyline is simulated using Matlab software. The results show that the algorithm can solve the overmark problem quite well.
引文
[1]程勇.激光标刻技术.激光杂志, 1996, 17(4): 201~204
[2]伍珊红,齐军,虞孝舜等. Nd∶Y AG激光打标工艺试验研究.激光与红外, 1999, 29(2): 92~95
[3] Bo Gu. Review– 40 Years of Laser Marking– Industrial Applications. SPIE, 2006, 6106(1): 1~7
[4] Dr. Vincent Moreau, KBA-GIORI S.A. NotaMark - Industrial Laser Marking System, A New Security Marking Technology. SPIE, 2005,5310: 194~201
[5] Klimt.B.H. Review of laser marking and engraving. Lasers and Optronics, 1988, 9: 61~72
[6]吴仲城,虞承端,戈瑜. Nd:YAG激光打标机控制系统的设计.测控技术, 1999, 18(12): 54
[7]陈莹,陈檬,郭宁等.大幅面倍频Nd:YAG激光雕刻机的研究.应用激光, 1997, 17(1): 9~10
[8]廖洪海.基于USB接口的激光打标控制器设计: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2004
[9]王家金.激光加工技术.北京:中国计量出版社, 1992. 84~96
[10] Nutfield Technology, Inc. QuantumDrive-3000 Servo Drive Manual including Open Frame Head Interconnections, 2002. 3~12
[11]张国顺.现代激光制造技术.北京:化学工业出版社, 2006. 50~160
[12]陈敏.激光飞动标刻软件设计: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2003
[13]周明刚,朱绍文,张大斌等.一种激光打标控制系统的软件设计.微计算机信息, 2002, 18 (1): 56~57
[14]肖毅,朱绍文,张大斌等.一种计算机控制的激光打标系统的设计与实现.计算机自动测量与控制, 2001, 9(5): 21~23
[15]吴小民,刘晓东,何云贵等.激光雕刻中失真与补偿方法的研究.华中理工大学学报, 1999, 26(11): 53~55
[16]赵文常,侯荣恩,周洪宇.自动控制元件. (第一版).哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社, 1986. 186~234
[17] Edwar s. Charkey Electromechanicla System Components, 1972. 5~23
[18]郭飞.振镜扫描系统研究及其定位控制电路的设计: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2003
[19] P Brosens. Scanning accuracy of the moving-iron galvanometric scanner. Opt. Eng, 1976, 15: 95~98
[20]叶柏林,杨海,赵学明.高速扫描器伺服电机控制设计.应用激光, 2005, 25(1): 38~40
[21]刘楚辉,邬义杰.数控系统加减速控制与程序段终点速度规划.组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2003, (9): 56~57
[22]桂贵生,彭丹丹,许良元.直接函数计算法在数控雕刻机中的应用.控制与检测, 2005, (7): 67~69
[23]宁国勤,朱中煜,朱绍文等.激光打标中图形、图像的处理.激光技术, 2002, 26(4): 295~296
[24]袁亚平.矢量方式Nd:YAG激光打标系统及工艺研究.激光加工技术, 1999, (增刊): 11~16
[25]王建平,李正佳,范晓红.激光打标系统及工艺参数的分析.光学与光电技术, 2005, 3(3): 32~35
[26] SYNRAD. INC. WinMark Pro User’s Guide. (Version 2), 1999. 66~98
[27]赵毅.振镜矢量扫描的自适应轮廓控制.中国机械工程, 2003, 14(12): 1015~1018
[28] Wech M. Sharp Corner Tracking Using the IKF Control Strategy. Annals of the CIRP, 1990, 39(1): 437~441
[29] Yuhong Huang. Virtual Marker Head For Laser Marking System Design. Proc. of SPIE, 2005, 5873: 45~55
[30] P. Choudhary, M. S. Agarwal, Ashish K. Nath. Amplitude Modulation and Power Control of a Pulse-Preionized Transverse-Flow Transverse-Discharge CO2 Laser. IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 1997, 33(5): 677~684
[31] QI Jun, WANG Kunlin, LIANG Mianchang, et al. Laser marking of stainless steelwith a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. SPIE, 1998, 3550: 311~315
[32]齐军,王昆林,梁锦长.激光打标的标记对比度的分析.应用激光, 1999, 1(19): 32~34
[33]唐明胜,江开勇,肖棋. LOM中激光功率与扫描速度的模型研究.新技术新工艺, 2001, (9): 35~36
[34]胡晓冬,赵万华,卢秉恒.紫外光快速成形系统扫描策略研究.中国机械工程, 2003, 14(2): 104~106
[35] Cambridge Technology Inc. Series 603X Dual Axis Mirror Positonging System’s Instruction Manual. (Revision 4), 1995. 1~30
[36]杨少辰.对构成闭环振镜式光学扫描系统的研究.激光与红外, 1997, 27(5): 297~300
[37]钱平.伺服系统.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005. 44~93
[38]江卫华.交流伺服驱动在激光标记机中的应用.计算机应用, 2002, (1): 56~57
[39]虞孝舜.双振镜扫描几何畸变的校正.激光与红外, 1998, 28(1): 45~47
[40]朱林泉.双振镜二维扫描系统的误差分析和校正技术.应用激光, 2001, (10): 325～327
[41] S·麦哨德,郭振华,许德胜. RF激励CO2激光器功率控制器.激光技术, 1999, 23(3): 156~158
[42] R.S.Xiao, T.C.Zuo, M.Leimser, et al. Hybrid Nd:YAG laser beam welding of aluminum in addition with an electric current. SPIE, 2005, 5629: 195~201
[43] DALE R.AKITT, H. J. J. SEGUIN, MARTIN R. CERVENAN. Electronic Mode and Power Control of a High-Power CO2 Laser. IEEE, 1990, 26(8): 1413~1417
[44]王青岗,颜永年.光固化向量扫描过程中的能量控制.清华大学学报, 2005, 45(11): 1456~1459
[45]任乃飞,张永康.激光冲击强化金属材料时的热传导.应用激光, 1997, 17(3): 105~108
[46] Rongqing Xu, Qingchun Zhou, Chunyun Chang, et al. Analysis of Dynamical Characters of CW Nd:YAG laser. Proceedings of SPIE, 2001, 4595:17~21
[2]伍珊红,齐军,虞孝舜等. Nd∶Y AG激光打标工艺试验研究.激光与红外, 1999, 29(2): 92~95
[3] Bo Gu. Review– 40 Years of Laser Marking– Industrial Applications. SPIE, 2006, 6106(1): 1~7
[4] Dr. Vincent Moreau, KBA-GIORI S.A. NotaMark - Industrial Laser Marking System, A New Security Marking Technology. SPIE, 2005,5310: 194~201
[5] Klimt.B.H. Review of laser marking and engraving. Lasers and Optronics, 1988, 9: 61~72
[6]吴仲城,虞承端,戈瑜. Nd:YAG激光打标机控制系统的设计.测控技术, 1999, 18(12): 54
[7]陈莹,陈檬,郭宁等.大幅面倍频Nd:YAG激光雕刻机的研究.应用激光, 1997, 17(1): 9~10
[8]廖洪海.基于USB接口的激光打标控制器设计: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2004
[9]王家金.激光加工技术.北京:中国计量出版社, 1992. 84~96
[10] Nutfield Technology, Inc. QuantumDrive-3000 Servo Drive Manual including Open Frame Head Interconnections, 2002. 3~12
[11]张国顺.现代激光制造技术.北京:化学工业出版社, 2006. 50~160
[12]陈敏.激光飞动标刻软件设计: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2003
[13]周明刚,朱绍文,张大斌等.一种激光打标控制系统的软件设计.微计算机信息, 2002, 18 (1): 56~57
[14]肖毅,朱绍文,张大斌等.一种计算机控制的激光打标系统的设计与实现.计算机自动测量与控制, 2001, 9(5): 21~23
[15]吴小民,刘晓东,何云贵等.激光雕刻中失真与补偿方法的研究.华中理工大学学报, 1999, 26(11): 53~55
[16]赵文常,侯荣恩,周洪宇.自动控制元件. (第一版).哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社, 1986. 186~234
[17] Edwar s. Charkey Electromechanicla System Components, 1972. 5~23
[18]郭飞.振镜扫描系统研究及其定位控制电路的设计: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2003
[19] P Brosens. Scanning accuracy of the moving-iron galvanometric scanner. Opt. Eng, 1976, 15: 95~98
[20]叶柏林,杨海,赵学明.高速扫描器伺服电机控制设计.应用激光, 2005, 25(1): 38~40
[21]刘楚辉,邬义杰.数控系统加减速控制与程序段终点速度规划.组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2003, (9): 56~57
[22]桂贵生,彭丹丹,许良元.直接函数计算法在数控雕刻机中的应用.控制与检测, 2005, (7): 67~69
[23]宁国勤,朱中煜,朱绍文等.激光打标中图形、图像的处理.激光技术, 2002, 26(4): 295~296
[24]袁亚平.矢量方式Nd:YAG激光打标系统及工艺研究.激光加工技术, 1999, (增刊): 11~16
[25]王建平,李正佳,范晓红.激光打标系统及工艺参数的分析.光学与光电技术, 2005, 3(3): 32~35
[26] SYNRAD. INC. WinMark Pro User’s Guide. (Version 2), 1999. 66~98
[27]赵毅.振镜矢量扫描的自适应轮廓控制.中国机械工程, 2003, 14(12): 1015~1018
[28] Wech M. Sharp Corner Tracking Using the IKF Control Strategy. Annals of the CIRP, 1990, 39(1): 437~441
[29] Yuhong Huang. Virtual Marker Head For Laser Marking System Design. Proc. of SPIE, 2005, 5873: 45~55
[30] P. Choudhary, M. S. Agarwal, Ashish K. Nath. Amplitude Modulation and Power Control of a Pulse-Preionized Transverse-Flow Transverse-Discharge CO2 Laser. IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 1997, 33(5): 677~684
[31] QI Jun, WANG Kunlin, LIANG Mianchang, et al. Laser marking of stainless steelwith a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. SPIE, 1998, 3550: 311~315
[32]齐军,王昆林,梁锦长.激光打标的标记对比度的分析.应用激光, 1999, 1(19): 32~34
[33]唐明胜,江开勇,肖棋. LOM中激光功率与扫描速度的模型研究.新技术新工艺, 2001, (9): 35~36
[34]胡晓冬,赵万华,卢秉恒.紫外光快速成形系统扫描策略研究.中国机械工程, 2003, 14(2): 104~106
[35] Cambridge Technology Inc. Series 603X Dual Axis Mirror Positonging System’s Instruction Manual. (Revision 4), 1995. 1~30
[36]杨少辰.对构成闭环振镜式光学扫描系统的研究.激光与红外, 1997, 27(5): 297~300
[37]钱平.伺服系统.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005. 44~93
[38]江卫华.交流伺服驱动在激光标记机中的应用.计算机应用, 2002, (1): 56~57
[39]虞孝舜.双振镜扫描几何畸变的校正.激光与红外, 1998, 28(1): 45~47
[40]朱林泉.双振镜二维扫描系统的误差分析和校正技术.应用激光, 2001, (10): 325～327
[41] S·麦哨德,郭振华,许德胜. RF激励CO2激光器功率控制器.激光技术, 1999, 23(3): 156~158
[42] R.S.Xiao, T.C.Zuo, M.Leimser, et al. Hybrid Nd:YAG laser beam welding of aluminum in addition with an electric current. SPIE, 2005, 5629: 195~201
[43] DALE R.AKITT, H. J. J. SEGUIN, MARTIN R. CERVENAN. Electronic Mode and Power Control of a High-Power CO2 Laser. IEEE, 1990, 26(8): 1413~1417
[44]王青岗,颜永年.光固化向量扫描过程中的能量控制.清华大学学报, 2005, 45(11): 1456~1459
[45]任乃飞,张永康.激光冲击强化金属材料时的热传导.应用激光, 1997, 17(3): 105~108
[46] Rongqing Xu, Qingchun Zhou, Chunyun Chang, et al. Analysis of Dynamical Characters of CW Nd:YAG laser. Proceedings of SPIE, 2001, 4595:17~21