深度混合动力汽车整车系统控制技术研究
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摘要
混合动力汽车由于其兼备传统燃油汽车和纯电动汽车的双重优点，是近阶段汽车发展较为理想的选择，而搭载有采用行星排耦合技术的动力分流系统的深度混合动力汽车，其不仅燃油利用率高、节能减排效果好，而且市场占有率高，从而成为未来混合动力汽车的发展趋势，是汽车制造商争相发展的目标。本文通过对深度混合动力汽车动力系统结构和工作原理的研究和分析，对比先进混合动力技术，设计了整车运行模式、整车状态控制方法以及与之匹配的系统控制算法，采用建模和快速控制原型技术，经控制系统仿真、动力总成台架试验和整车转鼓试验成功地验证了系统控制算法的正确性，可以为同类型深度混合动力汽车系统控制技术的研究和开发提供一定的技术指导和借鉴。
设计并研究了深度混合动力汽车动力系统的结构和工作原理，对比经典和先进混合动力技术的结构和优缺点，设计了深度混合动力汽车的整车运行模式。采用扭矩控制方法和功率平衡控制技术，通过数学分析获得了混合动力系统中双行星排的各轴扭矩方程、扭矩平衡方程、动力学方程以及整车电功率平衡方程和动力学方程，并以以上数学方程为基础，设计了用于计算动力部件扭矩和功率的基础函数。
基于动力系统的基础函数和等效杠杆原理，通过对深度混合动力汽车整车各运行模式的分析和计算，以及对整车挡位状态、发动机状态和制动器状态等整车关键部件状态的控制研究，并结合对电机能力、发动机能力、动力电池能力、整车需求扭矩、动力电池荷电状态阈值以及发动机水温阈值等整车关键参数的计算和定义，设计了整车运行模式和状态控制的系统控制算法。
采用Simulink/Stateflow建模软件，将整车的动力系统基础函数，各运行模式控制算法，整车各关键部件状态控制算法，以及整车各关键参数的计算和定义算法建成了系统控制模型，并通过MotoTron快速控制原型系统开发工具将系统控制模型集成为快速控制原型开发系统，经系统仿真、动力总成台架试验和整车转鼓试验，从静态测试和动态测试两个方面成功地验证了深度混合动力汽车系统控制算法的正确性。
本文所设计的深度混合动力汽车的整车系统控制算法，采用扭矩控制方法和功率平衡控制技术，在合理分配发动机能量的同时，降低了整车的燃油消耗和排放，保证了整车的稳定运行以及整车各运行模式之间的平滑切换，达到了整车在经济性、动力性和排放性能上的最佳控制目标。
结合深度混合动力汽车系统控制算法的研究成果，学习和研究以Prius、Insight和Volt为代表的先进混合动力汽车动力系统的结构和整车系统控制算法，分析和对比我国开发混合动力汽车技术的不足，并明确以行星排动力分流系统作为混合动力汽车动力系统结构的主要发展趋势，为我国自主研发和设计混合动力汽车提供必要的技术支持，填补国内在动力分流深度混合动力汽车系统控制技术和试验研究上的空白，对未来我国汽车工业的发展具有深远意义。
Having the merits of traditional fuel vehicle and pure electric vehicle, hybrid car is the idealchoice for recent vehicle development. The full hybrid vehicle, being popular among vehiclemanufacturers, has become the major trend of future hybrid vehicles because of its great fuelefficiency, good energy saving effect, and high market share. Based on the research and analysis ofthe structure and working principles of full hybrid vehicle power system, and the comparison withadvanced hybrid technology, this paper designed the vehicle operating mode, state control method andits matching system control algorithms. With the help of modeling and rapid control prototypingtechnology, the correctness of the system control algorithms was verified successfully through controlsystem simulation, powertrain bench test and revolving drum test. This paper could provide technicalguidance and reference for the research and development of the same type of hybrid vehicles.
The paper designed and researched the structure, working principles and the car operating modeof full hybrid vehicle power system in comparison with the structure and advantages/disadvantages ofclassical and advanced hybrid technology. Using torque control method and power balance controltechnology, the shaft torque equations, torque balance equation, kinetic equation and the vehicleelectric power balance equation, kinetic equation of the double planetary line of full hybrid vehiclepower system were obtained with mathematical analysis. And the basic function of power system wasdevised for calculating power components torque and power on the basis of above mentionedmathematical equations.
Based on basic equations and equivalent lever principle of power system, the system controlalgorithm of vehicle operating mode and state control was designed through the analysis andcalculation of different running modes of full hybrid vehicle and the controlled study of the status offull hybrid vehicle key components, such as the status of vehicle gear, the engine and the brake, aswell as the computation and defining of the key parameters, such as the motor capacity, the enginecapacity, the power battery capacity, the vehicle demand torque, the power battery charge statethreshold and the engine water temperature threshold.
The system control models of the power system basic equations, operation mode controlalgorithms, the key components’ status control algorithms and the calculating and defining algorithmsof key parameters were built with Simulink/Stateflow modeling software. Using MotoTron rapidcontrol prototyping system development tool, these system control models were integrated into rapidcontrol prototyping system, based on which the correctness of the system control algorithms wasverified successfully through system simulation, powertrain bench test and revolving drum test from two aspects of static and dynamic test.
The vehicle system control algorithm of the full hybrid vehicle in this paper was developedutilizing torque control method and power balance control technology. With the reasonabledistribution of engine energy, it had reduced the fuel consumption and emissions, ensuring the stableoperation of the vehicle as well as the smooth switching between different running modes. As a result,the vehicle realizes the optimal control object in terms of economy, power and emission performance.
Referring to the research findings of hybrid vehicle system control algorithm, this paper studiedand researched the advanced hybrid vehicle power system structures and system control algorithmrepresented by Prius, Insight and Volt, analyzed and compared the shortcomings of hybrid vehicletechnology development in China, and affirmed the planetary line power split system as the maintrend of hybrid vehicle power system structure. It could be a necessary technical assist to China’s owndevelopment and design of hybrid vehicles, and fill the blank of research and experiment of powersplit full hybrid vehicle system control technology, and could be profound significance for futuredevelopment of China’s automobile industry.
设计并研究了深度混合动力汽车动力系统的结构和工作原理，对比经典和先进混合动力技术的结构和优缺点，设计了深度混合动力汽车的整车运行模式。采用扭矩控制方法和功率平衡控制技术，通过数学分析获得了混合动力系统中双行星排的各轴扭矩方程、扭矩平衡方程、动力学方程以及整车电功率平衡方程和动力学方程，并以以上数学方程为基础，设计了用于计算动力部件扭矩和功率的基础函数。
基于动力系统的基础函数和等效杠杆原理，通过对深度混合动力汽车整车各运行模式的分析和计算，以及对整车挡位状态、发动机状态和制动器状态等整车关键部件状态的控制研究，并结合对电机能力、发动机能力、动力电池能力、整车需求扭矩、动力电池荷电状态阈值以及发动机水温阈值等整车关键参数的计算和定义，设计了整车运行模式和状态控制的系统控制算法。
采用Simulink/Stateflow建模软件，将整车的动力系统基础函数，各运行模式控制算法，整车各关键部件状态控制算法，以及整车各关键参数的计算和定义算法建成了系统控制模型，并通过MotoTron快速控制原型系统开发工具将系统控制模型集成为快速控制原型开发系统，经系统仿真、动力总成台架试验和整车转鼓试验，从静态测试和动态测试两个方面成功地验证了深度混合动力汽车系统控制算法的正确性。
本文所设计的深度混合动力汽车的整车系统控制算法，采用扭矩控制方法和功率平衡控制技术，在合理分配发动机能量的同时，降低了整车的燃油消耗和排放，保证了整车的稳定运行以及整车各运行模式之间的平滑切换，达到了整车在经济性、动力性和排放性能上的最佳控制目标。
结合深度混合动力汽车系统控制算法的研究成果，学习和研究以Prius、Insight和Volt为代表的先进混合动力汽车动力系统的结构和整车系统控制算法，分析和对比我国开发混合动力汽车技术的不足，并明确以行星排动力分流系统作为混合动力汽车动力系统结构的主要发展趋势，为我国自主研发和设计混合动力汽车提供必要的技术支持，填补国内在动力分流深度混合动力汽车系统控制技术和试验研究上的空白，对未来我国汽车工业的发展具有深远意义。
Having the merits of traditional fuel vehicle and pure electric vehicle, hybrid car is the idealchoice for recent vehicle development. The full hybrid vehicle, being popular among vehiclemanufacturers, has become the major trend of future hybrid vehicles because of its great fuelefficiency, good energy saving effect, and high market share. Based on the research and analysis ofthe structure and working principles of full hybrid vehicle power system, and the comparison withadvanced hybrid technology, this paper designed the vehicle operating mode, state control method andits matching system control algorithms. With the help of modeling and rapid control prototypingtechnology, the correctness of the system control algorithms was verified successfully through controlsystem simulation, powertrain bench test and revolving drum test. This paper could provide technicalguidance and reference for the research and development of the same type of hybrid vehicles.
The paper designed and researched the structure, working principles and the car operating modeof full hybrid vehicle power system in comparison with the structure and advantages/disadvantages ofclassical and advanced hybrid technology. Using torque control method and power balance controltechnology, the shaft torque equations, torque balance equation, kinetic equation and the vehicleelectric power balance equation, kinetic equation of the double planetary line of full hybrid vehiclepower system were obtained with mathematical analysis. And the basic function of power system wasdevised for calculating power components torque and power on the basis of above mentionedmathematical equations.
Based on basic equations and equivalent lever principle of power system, the system controlalgorithm of vehicle operating mode and state control was designed through the analysis andcalculation of different running modes of full hybrid vehicle and the controlled study of the status offull hybrid vehicle key components, such as the status of vehicle gear, the engine and the brake, aswell as the computation and defining of the key parameters, such as the motor capacity, the enginecapacity, the power battery capacity, the vehicle demand torque, the power battery charge statethreshold and the engine water temperature threshold.
The system control models of the power system basic equations, operation mode controlalgorithms, the key components’ status control algorithms and the calculating and defining algorithmsof key parameters were built with Simulink/Stateflow modeling software. Using MotoTron rapidcontrol prototyping system development tool, these system control models were integrated into rapidcontrol prototyping system, based on which the correctness of the system control algorithms wasverified successfully through system simulation, powertrain bench test and revolving drum test from two aspects of static and dynamic test.
The vehicle system control algorithm of the full hybrid vehicle in this paper was developedutilizing torque control method and power balance control technology. With the reasonabledistribution of engine energy, it had reduced the fuel consumption and emissions, ensuring the stableoperation of the vehicle as well as the smooth switching between different running modes. As a result,the vehicle realizes the optimal control object in terms of economy, power and emission performance.
Referring to the research findings of hybrid vehicle system control algorithm, this paper studiedand researched the advanced hybrid vehicle power system structures and system control algorithmrepresented by Prius, Insight and Volt, analyzed and compared the shortcomings of hybrid vehicletechnology development in China, and affirmed the planetary line power split system as the maintrend of hybrid vehicle power system structure. It could be a necessary technical assist to China’s owndevelopment and design of hybrid vehicles, and fill the blank of research and experiment of powersplit full hybrid vehicle system control technology, and could be profound significance for futuredevelopment of China’s automobile industry.
引文
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