利用电厂富余蒸汽进行集中供冷的方案研究
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摘要
热电联产在冬季能够明显提高能源利用效率,减小环境负荷;但是到了夏季,冬季的供暖热负荷不复存在,热电厂开始以纯火力发电厂的形式运行,大大浪费低品位的能量,对环境的负面影响很大;另外,在热电企业中,夏季产汽量过剩的现象大量存在,如何利用富余蒸汽并寻求合理的热电厂夏季运行方式显得尤为重要。
本文首先根据丰原电厂实际运行情况和潜在供冷需求,提出了适合于该电厂的利用富余蒸汽进行集中供冷的方案,包括吸收式制冷改造系统、汽轮机带压缩式制冷系统以及联合循环系统,定性分析了这些系统的可行性。
基于压缩式和吸收式制冷的原理,选取了合适的系统计算模型,在此基础上对吸收式系统、汽轮机带压缩式系统及中间压力分别为0.8MPa、0.6MPa、0.4MPa的联合循环系统进行了详细的热力计算,确定了设计工况下各系统各种设备的热负荷以及换热面积,对比了各系统设计工况下的过热蒸汽耗量。
在完成各系统的热力计算的基础上,分析了冷媒水温度、冷却水温度以及热源参数对吸收式系统的影响,分析了冷媒水温度、冷却水温度、汽轮机的机械功传递效率以及热源参数对汽轮机带压缩式系统和联合循环系统的影响。对冷媒水温度、冷却水温度和传递效率对各种系统的影响程度,分析了在传递效率不同的情况下哪种系统的省汽优势最大。
在进行基本设备选型的基础上确定了各系统的初投资和年运行费用,基于一次能耗能效比的方法比较了各系统的热经济性,并基于费用年值、净现值以及动态回收期等经济性分析方法对各种系统的经济性进行了比较分析,得出了各系统在热经济性和经济性方面的优劣。
目前热电厂的集中供冷项目基本都是由电厂的蒸汽驱动吸收式制冷机制冷,型式比较单一,这在一定程度上限制了热电厂集中供冷的发展。本课题旨在提出几种新型的蒸汽驱动的集中供冷系统,并将几种系统与吸收式系统进行对比为在热电厂中进行集中供冷改造提供新的思路和方法,对在热电厂利用富余蒸汽进行集中供冷有一定的积极作用。
The cogeneration system improves the rate of energy utilization and reduces the adverse impact on the environment; but in winter, for heat load no longer exists, cogeneration plant starts to operate in a coal-fired power plant way. This shift may cause some bad effects, such as wasting low-grade energy and increasing the adverse impact on the environment. Additionally, there is so much surplus steam in cogeneration plants in summer. It proves to be important to find out the reasonable way to use the surplus steam and the proper method which cogeneration plants operate in summer.
This paper puts forward some district cooling systems such as Li-Br absorption refrigeration system, steam-driving compression refrigeration system and combined cycle system, which can be used to consume surplus steam in Fengyuan cogeneration plant. This paper also analyzes the feasibilities of each system qualitatively.
On the basis of the principles of compression refrigeration and absorption refrigeration, this article selects the proper calculation models for every system and carries on the thermal calculation of the absorption system, steam-driven compression system and combined-cycle system with the mid-pressure of 0.8MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.4MPa. Further, the heat loads and heat transfer areas are calculated and the amount of surplus steam consumption is compared and analyzed.
Since the thermal calculation of every system is carried on, the impacts on absorption system caused by chilled water temperature, cooling water temperature and parameters of surplus steam are analyzed; the impacts on steam-driven compression system and combined-cycle system caused by chilled water temperature, cooling water temperature, parameters of surplus steam and transfer efficiency of the turbine are analyzed. The levels of effect to each system as well as the amount of surplus steam consumption in each system are compared.
On the basis of selecting the equipments of all the systems, the initial investments and annual operating costs are calculated. The thermal economy indexes are evaluated by means of comparing the energy efficiency ratio of each system, and the economic indexes are evaluated by means of comparing the annual costs, net present values (NPV) and dynamic recovery periods. The system's advantages and disadvantages of thermal economy and economy are concluded.
Nowadays, district cooling in cogeneration plant are always achieved by means of absorption refrigeration driven by surplus steam in power plants. The development of district cooling in power plants is limited by the lack of flexibility. This paper is to propose several new centralized steam-driven cooling systems and compare these systems with traditional absorption system. This article contributes to the development of CCHP by providing some new ideas and methods for district cooling in power plants.
本文首先根据丰原电厂实际运行情况和潜在供冷需求,提出了适合于该电厂的利用富余蒸汽进行集中供冷的方案,包括吸收式制冷改造系统、汽轮机带压缩式制冷系统以及联合循环系统,定性分析了这些系统的可行性。
基于压缩式和吸收式制冷的原理,选取了合适的系统计算模型,在此基础上对吸收式系统、汽轮机带压缩式系统及中间压力分别为0.8MPa、0.6MPa、0.4MPa的联合循环系统进行了详细的热力计算,确定了设计工况下各系统各种设备的热负荷以及换热面积,对比了各系统设计工况下的过热蒸汽耗量。
在完成各系统的热力计算的基础上,分析了冷媒水温度、冷却水温度以及热源参数对吸收式系统的影响,分析了冷媒水温度、冷却水温度、汽轮机的机械功传递效率以及热源参数对汽轮机带压缩式系统和联合循环系统的影响。对冷媒水温度、冷却水温度和传递效率对各种系统的影响程度,分析了在传递效率不同的情况下哪种系统的省汽优势最大。
在进行基本设备选型的基础上确定了各系统的初投资和年运行费用,基于一次能耗能效比的方法比较了各系统的热经济性,并基于费用年值、净现值以及动态回收期等经济性分析方法对各种系统的经济性进行了比较分析,得出了各系统在热经济性和经济性方面的优劣。
目前热电厂的集中供冷项目基本都是由电厂的蒸汽驱动吸收式制冷机制冷,型式比较单一,这在一定程度上限制了热电厂集中供冷的发展。本课题旨在提出几种新型的蒸汽驱动的集中供冷系统,并将几种系统与吸收式系统进行对比为在热电厂中进行集中供冷改造提供新的思路和方法,对在热电厂利用富余蒸汽进行集中供冷有一定的积极作用。
The cogeneration system improves the rate of energy utilization and reduces the adverse impact on the environment; but in winter, for heat load no longer exists, cogeneration plant starts to operate in a coal-fired power plant way. This shift may cause some bad effects, such as wasting low-grade energy and increasing the adverse impact on the environment. Additionally, there is so much surplus steam in cogeneration plants in summer. It proves to be important to find out the reasonable way to use the surplus steam and the proper method which cogeneration plants operate in summer.
This paper puts forward some district cooling systems such as Li-Br absorption refrigeration system, steam-driving compression refrigeration system and combined cycle system, which can be used to consume surplus steam in Fengyuan cogeneration plant. This paper also analyzes the feasibilities of each system qualitatively.
On the basis of the principles of compression refrigeration and absorption refrigeration, this article selects the proper calculation models for every system and carries on the thermal calculation of the absorption system, steam-driven compression system and combined-cycle system with the mid-pressure of 0.8MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.4MPa. Further, the heat loads and heat transfer areas are calculated and the amount of surplus steam consumption is compared and analyzed.
Since the thermal calculation of every system is carried on, the impacts on absorption system caused by chilled water temperature, cooling water temperature and parameters of surplus steam are analyzed; the impacts on steam-driven compression system and combined-cycle system caused by chilled water temperature, cooling water temperature, parameters of surplus steam and transfer efficiency of the turbine are analyzed. The levels of effect to each system as well as the amount of surplus steam consumption in each system are compared.
On the basis of selecting the equipments of all the systems, the initial investments and annual operating costs are calculated. The thermal economy indexes are evaluated by means of comparing the energy efficiency ratio of each system, and the economic indexes are evaluated by means of comparing the annual costs, net present values (NPV) and dynamic recovery periods. The system's advantages and disadvantages of thermal economy and economy are concluded.
Nowadays, district cooling in cogeneration plant are always achieved by means of absorption refrigeration driven by surplus steam in power plants. The development of district cooling in power plants is limited by the lack of flexibility. This paper is to propose several new centralized steam-driven cooling systems and compare these systems with traditional absorption system. This article contributes to the development of CCHP by providing some new ideas and methods for district cooling in power plants.
引文
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[7]冉丽萍.热电联产国内外研究综述.科技信息,2010,669.
[8] Moné, C.D.; Chau, D.S; Phelan, P.E. Economic feasibility of combined heat and power and absorption refrigeration with commercially available gas turbines.Energy Conversion and Management. Vol: 42, Issue: 13, September, 2001 pp.1559-1573.
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[14]张万坤,陆震等.天然气热、电、冷联产系统及其在国内外的应用现状.流体机械,2002,30(12): 50~53.
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[29]张继红.工业汽轮机的应用.氮肥技术.2008(4):17-18. [ 30 ]李大勇.工业汽轮机在热电企业的应用分析.建筑热能通风空调.2009(6):82-84. [ 31 ]孙毅,吕荣强,李开华.工业汽轮机在热电厂中的应用.山东煤炭科技.2008(4):46-47. [ 32 ]赵昌富.热功联产汽轮机拖动锅炉给水泵节能技术改造.化肥设计.2009(2):59-60.
[33] Zhang Yan.Operational characteristic and heat economy analysis of boiler fees pump turbine.12-15.
[34]孙奇.汽轮机驱动往复式压缩机的技术探讨.东方电气评论.2003:71-74.
[35]康慧.热电厂区域集中供冷探讨.暖通空调HV&AC.2009(8):92-95.
[36] Li Jingyi,Zang Jieli. Applicable analysis of combined cooling,heating and power system used for thermal power plant.Refrigeration and aircondi -tioning.2010(2):99-104.
[37]王志远.制冷原理与应用.机械工业出版社.2009(2):145-146.
[38]尉迟斌.实用制冷与空调工程手册.机械工业出版社.260-262.
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[54]朱直平.工业技术经济学.中国物资出版社,2004:30-192.
[2]王汝武.热电联产在低碳经济背景下的发展趋势.节能,2010,3:8-10.
[3]李云,展海风.浅谈热电联产——中国、丹麦热电联产的对比.电力与能源,2007,22:550-554.
[4]华贲.低碳能源时代中国热电联产的发展趋势.第沈阳工程学院学报自然科学版,2010,4:97-101.
[5]胡玉清,马先才.我国热电联产领域现状及发展方向.黑龙江电力,2008,2: 79-80.
[6]康艳兵,张建国,张扬.我国热电联产集中供热的发展现状、问题与建议.中国能源, 2008,10;8-13.
[7]冉丽萍.热电联产国内外研究综述.科技信息,2010,669.
[8] Moné, C.D.; Chau, D.S; Phelan, P.E. Economic feasibility of combined heat and power and absorption refrigeration with commercially available gas turbines.Energy Conversion and Management. Vol: 42, Issue: 13, September, 2001 pp.1559-1573.
[9]邬韶萍,林奇峰.热电冷三联供发展探讨[J].山东化工, 2009, 38 (7): 49-51.
[10] S.Martínez-Lera,J .Ballester. A novel method for the design of CHCP (combined heat, cooling and power) systems for buildings.Energy, Volume 35, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 2972-2984.
[11] U.S. Department of Energy. 2002 Buildings Energy Databook.January31,2003.
[12]李先瑞.国外城市集中三联供的发展.中国能源网, 2003-05-1.
[13] G.G. aidment, X. Zhao and S. B. Riffat. Combined cooling and heating using a gas engine in a supermarket.Applied energy, 2001,68(4): 321~335.
[14]张万坤,陆震等.天然气热、电、冷联产系统及其在国内外的应用现状.流体机械,2002,30(12): 50~53.
[15] Lemar P,Honton EJ (Resource Dynamics Corporation).High natural gas prices and the updated market for CHP world energy engineering congress. September, 2004.
[16] Cheng zhang Z.CHP applications in US and Europe used for reference in China[J]Popular Utilization of Eleetrieity,2003,2.
[17]邬韶萍,林奇峰.热电冷三联供发展探讨.山东化工,2009,7:49-51.
[18]熊霞利.热电冷三联产系统的节能研究.华中科技大学,2004,7-9.
[19]吴子斌.我国热电冷三联供发展对策研究.大连理工大学,2000,6-8. [ 20 ]孙建国,冯志兵.冷热电联产系统的发展及前景.燃气轮机技术,2006(2):11-17.
[21]陆方,罗永浩.分布式供能系统及应用[J].上海节能,2005,24(3):37-40.
[22]胡淞城.基于吸收式制冷的冷热电三联产系统的节能研究,兰州理工大学,2009,6-7.
[23]李岩,付林等.电厂循环水余热利用技术综述.建筑科学,2010(10):11-14.
[24]陈军,谢冬梅,李心钢.电厂余热资源的有效利用.节能环保,2006(4):32-34.
[25]贺益英.关于火、核电厂循环冷却水的余热利用问题.中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004,2(4):315-320.
[26]吴建中,李宝林.水源热泵在电厂中的应用分析.建筑热能通风空调,2005,24(1):61-63.
[27] Gershon Grossman,ABSIM-modular simulation of advanced absorption system,International Journal of Refrigeration,2001(24):531～541.
[28] Bai Liying. Optimization of the absorption refrigeration system for heat recovery with heat pipe heat exchange . 8-12.
[29]张继红.工业汽轮机的应用.氮肥技术.2008(4):17-18. [ 30 ]李大勇.工业汽轮机在热电企业的应用分析.建筑热能通风空调.2009(6):82-84. [ 31 ]孙毅,吕荣强,李开华.工业汽轮机在热电厂中的应用.山东煤炭科技.2008(4):46-47. [ 32 ]赵昌富.热功联产汽轮机拖动锅炉给水泵节能技术改造.化肥设计.2009(2):59-60.
[33] Zhang Yan.Operational characteristic and heat economy analysis of boiler fees pump turbine.12-15.
[34]孙奇.汽轮机驱动往复式压缩机的技术探讨.东方电气评论.2003:71-74.
[35]康慧.热电厂区域集中供冷探讨.暖通空调HV&AC.2009(8):92-95.
[36] Li Jingyi,Zang Jieli. Applicable analysis of combined cooling,heating and power system used for thermal power plant.Refrigeration and aircondi -tioning.2010(2):99-104.
[37]王志远.制冷原理与应用.机械工业出版社.2009(2):145-146.
[38]尉迟斌.实用制冷与空调工程手册.机械工业出版社.260-262.
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