电流模式开关电源中振荡器的研究与设计
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摘要
随着电子产品的普及和对节能要求的不断提高,电源管理芯片的应用日益广泛。高性能、高效率、小体积、低功耗、低成本的开关电源成为其发展趋势,而振荡器作为PWM控制系统中一个不可或缺的模块,其输出时钟信号的频率决定着开关电源的开关频率。本文在分析和比较现有开关电源调制模式和控制方式的基础上,设计了一种应用于混合调制电流控制模式开关电源的振荡器。该振荡器结构简单,频率稳定,在典型条件下能够提供中心频率为750kHz的低脉冲信号,同时通过对振荡电路中斜坡源的引用,能够产生消除电流控制模式开关电源中占空比大于50%时出现开环不稳定等缺点所需要的斜坡补偿信号,通过整形电路和使能信号的控制能够得到振荡器可同步的频率范围。
论文研究了振荡器的基本组成单元和工作原理,在总结两种片内常用振荡器的优缺点和分析传统弛张振荡器工作过程的基础上,结合论文的设计要求,提出了本文所设计的振荡器结构。由恒流源充放电环路和RC充放电环路组成结构简单的双环路振荡产生电路。为了得到稳定的时钟输出信号,通过自偏置结构产生受电源电压影响较小的充电电流,同时在恒流源产生电路中采用电阻补偿技术以减小充电电流的相对温度系数。通过对电流模式中的系统不稳定问题的分析,得出补偿信号的斜率大小,斜坡补偿信号产生电路通过对振荡产生电路中斜坡源的引用以及斜率的调整得到系统所需要的斜坡补偿信号。结合本文所设计的振荡产生电路,通过使能信号和整形电路参数的设定,控制振荡器的可同步范围在500kHz到1000kHz之间。
设计基于UMC 0.6μm BiCMOS工艺,利用HSPICE仿真软件对振荡器电路在电源电压、温度变化以及工艺漂移的条件下进行了仿真验证,结果表明:该振荡器能够实现设计所要求的功能,同时输出时钟信号频率在以上三种条件变化组合下,其变化范围为-12.2%～9.88%,能够满足设计要求。
With the popularization of electronic products and the requirement of energy saving, power management IC is more and more widely applied. SMPS (switched-mode power supply) with high performance, high efficiency, small volume, low power and low cost becomes the research hotspot of power management IC. The switching frequency is decided by the output frequency of oscillator which is an indispensable module for the control system of SMPS. Based on the analysis and comparison of modulation and control modes of SMPS, an oscillator applied in the hybrid control current mode SMPS is presented. This novel oscillator with simple structure and stable frequency can generate low pulse signal whose central frequency is 750kHz under the typical condition. At the same time, slope compensation signal which is needed when the duty cycle is more than 50% in current mode SMPS is obtained by citing the slope source generated in the oscillating circuit. Also, through enable signal and the setting of the parameters of shaping circuit, the range of external synchronization can be controlled precisely.
The basic units and working principle of the oscillator are studied. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of merits and demerits about common structure of oscillator on chip and the working process of conventional relaxation oscillator, and combined with the design requirements, the structure of the oscillator is presented in this thesis. The two-circles oscillating generation circuit is composed of constant current source charging/discharging circuit and RC charging/discharging circuit. In order to obtain the stable clock signal, the charging current, which is less sensitive to the supply voltage, is got by means of the self-biased structure. Simultaneous in the constant current generation circuit resistor compensation is used to reduce the relative temperature coefficient. The magnitude of the slope of compensation signal is got by studying the instability problem of system in current mode. By citing the slope source in the oscillating generation circuit and adjusting the magnitude of the slope, the essential slope compensation signal in the system is obtained. Combining the oscillating generation circuit presented in this thesis and through enable signal and the setting of the parameters of shaping circuit, the range of external synchronization is set between 500kHz and 1000kHz.
The circuit is realized in UMC 0.6μm BiCMOS process. HSPICE simulation results show that the required functions of oscillator have be realized. And under the fluctuation of supply voltage, temperature and process corner, the error is acceptable between -12.2% and 9.88% . The design meets the requirements.
论文研究了振荡器的基本组成单元和工作原理,在总结两种片内常用振荡器的优缺点和分析传统弛张振荡器工作过程的基础上,结合论文的设计要求,提出了本文所设计的振荡器结构。由恒流源充放电环路和RC充放电环路组成结构简单的双环路振荡产生电路。为了得到稳定的时钟输出信号,通过自偏置结构产生受电源电压影响较小的充电电流,同时在恒流源产生电路中采用电阻补偿技术以减小充电电流的相对温度系数。通过对电流模式中的系统不稳定问题的分析,得出补偿信号的斜率大小,斜坡补偿信号产生电路通过对振荡产生电路中斜坡源的引用以及斜率的调整得到系统所需要的斜坡补偿信号。结合本文所设计的振荡产生电路,通过使能信号和整形电路参数的设定,控制振荡器的可同步范围在500kHz到1000kHz之间。
设计基于UMC 0.6μm BiCMOS工艺,利用HSPICE仿真软件对振荡器电路在电源电压、温度变化以及工艺漂移的条件下进行了仿真验证,结果表明:该振荡器能够实现设计所要求的功能,同时输出时钟信号频率在以上三种条件变化组合下,其变化范围为-12.2%～9.88%,能够满足设计要求。
With the popularization of electronic products and the requirement of energy saving, power management IC is more and more widely applied. SMPS (switched-mode power supply) with high performance, high efficiency, small volume, low power and low cost becomes the research hotspot of power management IC. The switching frequency is decided by the output frequency of oscillator which is an indispensable module for the control system of SMPS. Based on the analysis and comparison of modulation and control modes of SMPS, an oscillator applied in the hybrid control current mode SMPS is presented. This novel oscillator with simple structure and stable frequency can generate low pulse signal whose central frequency is 750kHz under the typical condition. At the same time, slope compensation signal which is needed when the duty cycle is more than 50% in current mode SMPS is obtained by citing the slope source generated in the oscillating circuit. Also, through enable signal and the setting of the parameters of shaping circuit, the range of external synchronization can be controlled precisely.
The basic units and working principle of the oscillator are studied. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of merits and demerits about common structure of oscillator on chip and the working process of conventional relaxation oscillator, and combined with the design requirements, the structure of the oscillator is presented in this thesis. The two-circles oscillating generation circuit is composed of constant current source charging/discharging circuit and RC charging/discharging circuit. In order to obtain the stable clock signal, the charging current, which is less sensitive to the supply voltage, is got by means of the self-biased structure. Simultaneous in the constant current generation circuit resistor compensation is used to reduce the relative temperature coefficient. The magnitude of the slope of compensation signal is got by studying the instability problem of system in current mode. By citing the slope source in the oscillating generation circuit and adjusting the magnitude of the slope, the essential slope compensation signal in the system is obtained. Combining the oscillating generation circuit presented in this thesis and through enable signal and the setting of the parameters of shaping circuit, the range of external synchronization is set between 500kHz and 1000kHz.
The circuit is realized in UMC 0.6μm BiCMOS process. HSPICE simulation results show that the required functions of oscillator have be realized. And under the fluctuation of supply voltage, temperature and process corner, the error is acceptable between -12.2% and 9.88% . The design meets the requirements.
引文
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[31]吴金,刘桂芝.一种脉冲振荡电路的分析与设计.微电子学.2004,34(1):63-66
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[33]孙肖子,张企民.模拟电子技术基础.西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:224-225
[34]张磊.一种升压式PFM DC-DC电源管理芯片设计.西安电子科技大学硕士论文.2007:24-25
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[40]唐圣兰,罗萍.一种电阻温度补偿电流基准源.中国集成电路.2006,89:21-24,78
[41]来新泉,郭仲杰等,可提高Buck型DC/DC转换器带载能力的斜坡补偿设计.微电子学.2007,37(1):33-37
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[2]胡黎强,林争辉等.改进型脉宽调制DC/DC变换芯片的实现.半导体技术.2002,27(3):41-44
[3]王振宇,成立.一款实用高性能开关电源的分析与设计.电测与仪表.2007,44(502):62-64+32
[4]2007年中国大陆电源管理IC应用发展趋势.电子工程师专辑.2007.7
[5]慕呸勋,冯桂林等.开关稳压电源原理与实用技术.科学出版社,2005:34-36
[6]Haifei Deng,Nick Sun.Design of a monolithic low voltage high efficiency boost DC-DC converter ASIC based on 0.5 μm CMOS process.Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices &ICs,Kitakyushu,2004.IEEE Press,2004:169-172
[7]邹怀安,张锐等.开关电源的PWM-PFM控制电路.电子质量.2004,3:21-22
[8]范然然,林争辉等.一种新型的DC-DC芯片设计.微电子学与计算机.2003,5:51-54
[9]赵广林.新型电源集成电路应用手册.电子工业出版社,2006
[10]Karthaus U.,Schabel..Write Pulse Generator for 16x DVD Recording with Symmetric CMOS Inverter Ring Oscillator.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.2005,40(11):2286-2295
[11]Zhinian Shu,Ka Lok Lee.A 2.4-GHz Ring-Oscillator-Based CMOS Frequency Synthesizer with a Fractional Divider Dual-PLL Architecture.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.2004,39(3):452-462
[12]Eken Y.A.,Uyemura J.P..A 5.9-GHz Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillator in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.2004,39(1):230-233
[13]Chung Ching-Che,Lee Chen-Yi.An All-digital Phase-Locked Loop for High-Speed Clock Generation.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.2003,38(2):347-351
[14]Verma S.,Xu Junfeng,Lee T.H..A Multiply-by-3 Coupled-Ring Oscillator for Low-Power Frequency Synthesis.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.2003,39(4):709-713
[15]毕查德.拉扎维.模拟CMOS集成电路设计.陈贵灿.西安交通大学出版社,2004:115,415-417,477-483
[16]陈国安,夏晓娟.一款用于LED驱动芯片的CMOS振荡器.电子器件.2007,30(3):890-893
[17]Mohammad Hossein Shakiba,Tirdad Sowlati.Automatic Swing Control in Relaxation Oscillator.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.1998,33(12):1979-1985+1998
[18]Asad A.Abidi,Robert G.Meyer.Noise in Relaxation Oscillators.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.1983,18(6):794-802
[19]刘斯林,魏廷存等.一种高频高精度窗口比较式CMOS振荡器的设计.微电子学.2006,36(2):217-219+224
[20]袁涛,王华等.一种CMOS电流控制振荡器的分析与设计.微电子学.2005,35(6):662-664
[21]马田华,蒋国平等.一种CMOS锯齿波振荡电路的设计.电子器件.2005,28(1):154-157
[22]Deog-kyoon Jeong,Gaetano Borriello.Design of PLL-Based Clock Generation Circuits.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.1987,22(2):255-261
[23]Sander L.J.Gierkink,Ed(A.J.M.)van Tuijl.A Coupled Sawtooth Oscillator Combining Low Jitter With High Control Linearity.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.2002,37(6):702-710
[24]Michael P.Flynn,Sverre U.Lidholm.A 1.2-μm CMOS Current-Controlled Oscillator.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits.1992,27(7):982-987
[25]刘皓,景为平.一种频率可调CMOS环形振荡器的分析与设计.电子器件.2006,29(4):1023-1026
[26]郭培源,沈明山.电子技术基础及应用简明教程.电子工业出版社,2003:304-305,316
[27]成立,杨建宁.模拟电子技术.东南大学出版社,2006:228
[28]DaiL,Harjani R.Design of low-phase-noise CMOS ring oscillator.IEEE Trans Circuit and System-Ⅱ.2002,49(5):328-338
[29]王志功,朱恩等.集成电路设计.电子工业出版社,2006:148
[30]季科夫,吴金等.一种多谐振荡器的优化设计.电子器件.2002,25(1):22-26
[31]吴金,刘桂芝.一种脉冲振荡电路的分析与设计.微电子学.2004,34(1):63-66
[32]郭培源,沈明山.电子技术基础及应用简明教程.电子工业出版社,2003:212-215
[33]孙肖子,张企民.模拟电子技术基础.西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:224-225
[34]张磊.一种升压式PFM DC-DC电源管理芯片设计.西安电子科技大学硕士论文.2007:24-25
[35]PhilliP E.Allen,Douglas R.Holberg.CMOS Analog Circuit Design.Second Edition.Oxford University Press.2002:52,442-444
[36]邱关源.电路.第四版.高等教育出版社,2001:138
[37]Paul R.Gray,Paul J.Hurst.Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits.Fourth Edition.John Wiley& Sons,Inc.2001:303-305,309-310,313
[38]Katsuji KIMURA.Low Temperature Coefficient CMOS Voltage Reference Circuits.IEICE Trans.Fundamentals.1994,E77-A(2):398-402
[39]Jingrnei Lu,Yi Wang,Temperature Compensation in Bootstrapped Current Reference Source.IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits,Hong Kong,2003.Media Production Unit,the City University of Hong Kong,2003:491-494
[40]唐圣兰,罗萍.一种电阻温度补偿电流基准源.中国集成电路.2006,89:21-24,78
[41]来新泉,郭仲杰等,可提高Buck型DC/DC转换器带载能力的斜坡补偿设计.微电子学.2007,37(1):33-37
[42]Unitrode Application Note.Modelling,Analysis and Compensation of the Current-Mode Converter U-97
[43]Unitrode Application Note.Modelling.Practical Considerations in Current Mode Power Supplies U-111
[44]田锦明,王松林等.峰值电流控制模式中的分段线性斜坡补偿技术.电子器件.2006,29(3):864-867+873
[45]Abraham I.Pressman.开关电源设计.王志强.第二版.电子工业出版社,2006:106-110
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